National Academies Press: OpenBook
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×

Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report

Committee for Review of the DOD’s Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report

Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology

Division on Earth and Life Studies

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS

Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
500 Fifth Street, NW
Washington, DC 20001

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This project was supported by Contract No. W81K04-06-D-0023 between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Army. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-15413-0

International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-15413-8

Additional copies of this report are available from

The National Academies Press

500 Fifth Street, NW Box 285 Washington, DC 20055 800-624-6242 202-334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area) http://www.nap.edu

Copyright 2010 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine


The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.


The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.


The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.


The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.


www.national-academies.org

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×

This page intentionally left blank.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×

COMMITTEE FOR REVIEW OF THE DOD’S ENHANCED PARTICULATE MATTER SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM REPORT

Members

MARK J. UTELL (Chair),

University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY

JOHN R. BALMES,

University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco

MICHELLE L. BELL,

Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, CT

MARK S. GOLDBERG,

McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

PHILIP K. HOPKE,

Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY

PETROS KOUTRAKIS,

Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA

JACOB D. MCDONALD,

Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM

KENT E. PINKERTON,

University of California, Davis

BAILUS WALKER, JR.,

Howard University School of Medicine, Washington, DC

ANTHONY S. WEXLER,

University of California, Davis

Staff

HEIDI MURRAY-SMITH, Project Director

EILEEN ABT, Senior Program Officer

NORMAN GROSSBLATT, Senior Editor

MIRSADA KARALIC-LONCAREVIC, Manager,

Technical Information Center

RADIAH ROSE, Manager,

Editorial Projects

PANOLA GOLSON, Program Associate

Sponsor

U.S. ARMY

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×

COMMITTEE ON TOXICOLOGY

Members

GARY P. CARLSON (Chair),

Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN

LAWRENCE S. BETTS,

Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk

EDWARD C. BISHOP,

HDR Engineering, Inc., Omaha, NE

JAMES V. BRUCKNER,

University of Georgia, Athens

MARION F. EHRICH,

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg

SIDNEY GREEN,

Howard University, Washington, DC

WILLIAM E. HALPERIN,

UMDNJ–New Jersey Medical School, Newark

MERYL H. KAROL,

University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA

JAMES N. MCDOUGAL,

Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH

ROGER G. MCINTOSH,

Science Applications International Corporation, Abingdon, MD

JOYCE TSUJI,

Exponent, Inc., Bellevue, WA

GERALD N. WOGAN,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

Staff

RAYMOND A. WASSEL, Senior Program Officer for Environmental Studies

SUSAN N.J. MARTEL, Senior Program Officer for Toxicology

ELLEN K. MANTUS, Senior Program Officer for Risk Analysis

EILEEN N. ABT, Senior Program Officer

RUTH E. CROSSGROVE, Senior Editor

MIRSADA KARALIC-LONCAREVIC, Manager,

Technical Information Center

RADIAH ROSE, Manager,

Editorial Projects

TAMARA DAWSON, Program Associate

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×

BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY1

Members

ROGENE F. HENDERSON (Chair),

Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM

RAMÓN ALVAREZ,

Environmental Defense Fund, Austin, TX

TINA BAHADORI,

American Chemistry Council, Arlington, VA

MICHAEL J. BRADLEY,

M.J. Bradley & Associates, Concord, MA

DALLAS BURTRAW,

Resources for the Future, Washington, DC

JAMES S. BUS,

Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI

JONATHAN Z. CANNON,

University of Virginia, Charlottesville

GAIL CHARNLEY,

HealthRisk Strategies, Washington, DC

RUTH DEFRIES,

Columbia University, New York, NY

RICHARD A. DENISON,

Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, DC

H. CHRISTOPHER FREY,

North Carolina State University, Raleigh

J. PAUL GILMAN,

Covanta Energy Corporation, Fairfield, NJ

RICHARD M. GOLD,

Holland & Knight, LLP, Washington, DC

LYNN R. GOLDMAN,

Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD

JUDITH A. GRAHAM (retired),

Pittsboro, NC

HOWARD HU,

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

ROGER E. KASPERSON,

Clark University, Worcester, MA

TERRY L. MEDLEY,

E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Wilmington, DE

JANA MILFORD,

University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder

DANNY D. REIBLE,

University of Texas, Austin

JOSEPH V. RODRICKS,

ENVIRON International Corporation, Arlington, VA

ROBERT F. SAWYER,

University of California, Berkeley

KIMBERLY M. THOMPSON,

Kid Risk, Inc., Newton, MA

MARK J. UTELL,

University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY

Senior Staff

JAMES J. REISA, Director

DAVID J. POLICANSKY, Scholar

RAYMOND A. WASSEL, Senior Program Officer for Environmental Studies

SUSAN N.J. MARTEL, Senior Program Officer for Toxicology

ELLEN K. MANTUS, Senior Program Officer for Risk Analysis

EILEEN N. ABT, Senior Program Officer

RUTH E. CROSSGROVE, Senior Editor

MIRSADA KARALIC-LONCAREVIC, Manager,

Technical Information Center

RADIAH ROSE, Manager,

Editorial Projects

1

This study was planned, overseen, and supported by the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology.

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×

OTHER REPORTS OF THE BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY

Toxicity-Pathway-Based Risk Assessment: Preparing for Paradigm Change (2010)

The Use of Title 42 Authority at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2010)

Review of the Environmental Protection Agency’s Draft IRIS Assessment of Tetrachloroethylene (2010)

Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use (2009)

Contaminated Water Supplies at Camp Lejeune—Assessing Potential Health Effects (2009)

Review of the Federal Strategy for Nanotechnology-Related Environmental, Health, and Safety Research (2009)

Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Assessment (2009)

Phthalates and Cumulative Risk Assessment: The Tasks Ahead (2008)

Estimating Mortality Risk Reduction and Economic Benefits from Controlling Ozone Air Pollution (2008)

Respiratory Diseases Research at NIOSH (2008)

Evaluating Research Efficiency in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2008)

Hydrology, Ecology, and Fishes of the Klamath River Basin (2008)

Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology and Risk Assessment (2007)

Models in Environmental Regulatory Decision Making (2007)

Toxicity Testing in the Twenty-first Century: A Vision and a Strategy (2007)

Sediment Dredging at Superfund Megasites: Assessing the Effectiveness (2007)

Environmental Impacts of Wind-Energy Projects (2007)

Scientific Review of the Proposed Risk Assessment Bulletin from the Office of Management and Budget (2007)

Assessing the Human Health Risks of Trichloroethylene: Key Scientific Issues (2006)

New Source Review for Stationary Sources of Air Pollution (2006)

Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals (2006)

Health Risks from Dioxin and Related Compounds: Evaluation of the EPA Reassessment (2006)

Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA’s Standards (2006)

State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions (2006)

Superfund and Mining Megasites—Lessons from the Coeur d’Alene River Basin (2005)

Health Implications of Perchlorate Ingestion (2005)

Air Quality Management in the United States (2004)

Endangered and Threatened Species of the Platte River (2004)

Atlantic Salmon in Maine (2004)

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×

Endangered and Threatened Fishes in the Klamath River Basin (2004)

Cumulative Environmental Effects of Alaska North Slope Oil and Gas Development (2003)

Estimating the Public Health Benefits of Proposed Air Pollution Regulations (2002)

Biosolids Applied to Land: Advancing Standards and Practices (2002)

The Airliner Cabin Environment and Health of Passengers and Crew (2002)

Arsenic in Drinking Water: 2001 Update (2001)

Evaluating Vehicle Emissions Inspection and Maintenance Programs (2001)

Compensating for Wetland Losses Under the Clean Water Act (2001)

A Risk-Management Strategy for PCB-Contaminated Sediments (2001)

Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals (seven volumes, 2000-2009)

Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury (2000)

Strengthening Science at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2000)

Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment (2000)

Ecological Indicators for the Nation (2000)

Waste Incineration and Public Health (2000)

Hormonally Active Agents in the Environment (1999)

Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter (four volumes, 1998-2004)

The National Research Council’s Committee on Toxicology: The First 50 Years (1997)

Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens in the Human Diet (1996)

Upstream: Salmon and Society in the Pacific Northwest (1996)

Science and the Endangered Species Act (1995)

Wetlands: Characteristics and Boundaries (1995)

Biologic Markers (five volumes, 1989-1995)

Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment (1994)

Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children (1993)

Dolphins and the Tuna Industry (1992)

Science and the National Parks (1992)

Human Exposure Assessment for Airborne Pollutants (1991)

Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution (1991)

Decline of the Sea Turtles (1990)


Copies of these reports may be ordered from the National Academies Press

(800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313

www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×

OTHER REPORTS OF THE COMMITTEE ON TOXICOLOGY

Evaluation of the Health and Safety Risks of the New USAMRIID High-Containment Facilities at Fort Detrick, Maryland (2010)

Combined Exposures to Hydrogen Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide in Army Operations: Final Report (2008)

Managing Health Effects of Beryllium Exposure (2008)

Review of Toxicologic and Radiologic Risks to Military Personnel from Exposures to Depleted Uranium (2008)

Emergency and Continuous Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Submarine Contaminants, Volume 1 (2007), Volume 2 (2008)

Review of the Department of Defense Research Program on Low-Level Exposures to Chemical Warfare Agents (2005)

Review of the Army’s Technical Guides on Assessing and Managing Chemical Hazards to Deployed Personnel (2004)

Spacecraft Water Exposure Guidelines for Selected Contaminants, Volume 1 (2004), Volume 2 (2007), Volume 3 (2008)

Toxicologic Assessment of Jet-Propulsion Fuel 8 (2003)

Review of Submarine Escape Action Levels for Selected Chemicals (2002)

Standing Operating Procedures for Developing Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Chemicals (2001)

Evaluating Chemical and Other Agent Exposures for Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity (2001)

Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Contaminants, Volume 1 (2000), Volume 2 (2002), Volume 3 (2003), Volume 4 (2004), Volume 5 (2007), Volume 6 (2008), Volume 7 (2009), Volume 8 (2009)

Review of the U.S. Navy’s Human Health Risk Assessment of the Naval Air Facility at Atsugi, Japan (2000)

Methods for Developing Spacecraft Water Exposure Guidelines (2000)

Review of the U.S. Navy Environmental Health Center’s Health-Hazard Assessment Process (2000)

Review of the U.S. Navy’s Exposure Standard for Manufactured Vitreous Fibers (2000)

Re-Evaluation of Drinking-Water Guidelines for Diisopropyl Methylphosphonate (2000)

Submarine Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Hydrofluorocarbons: HFC-236fa, HFC-23, and HFC-404a (2000)

Review of the U.S. Army’s Health Risk Assessments for Oral Exposure to Six Chemical-Warfare Agents (1999)

Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants, Volume 1(1997), Volume 2 (1999), Volume 3 (1999)

Assessment of Exposure-Response Functions for Rocket-Emission Toxicants (1998)

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×

Toxicity of Alternatives to Chlorofluorocarbons: HFC-134a and HCFC-123 (1996)

Permissible Exposure Levels for Selected Military Fuel Vapors (1996)

Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Selected Airborne Contaminants, Volume 1 (1994), Volume 2 (1996), Volume 3 (1996), Volume 4 (2000), Volume 5 (2008)

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×

This page intentionally left blank.

Page xiii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×

Preface

Soldiers deployed during the 1991 Persian Gulf War returned from deployment with complaints of persistent respiratory symptoms. Several studies have shown an association between deployment to the gulf region during the war and various respiratory outcomes. In an effort to understand and characterize the environmental exposures of military personnel in the Middle East, the Department of Defense (DOD) initiated sampling of air, water, and soil at the beginning of military operations in Afghanistan in 2001 and Iraq in 2003. The most common ambient airborne pollutant measured was particulate matter, which has been shown to be associated with risks of premature mortality and morbidity.

To address concerns about the ambient environment in the Middle East, DOD designed and implemented the Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program to characterize and quantify the particulate matter at 15 sites in the Central Command Area of Operations in the Middle East. In 2009, the U.S. Army asked the National Research Council to review a report on the program titled Final Report: Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program (EPMSP). The National Research Council’s Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology convened the Committee for Review of the DOD’s Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report, which produced the present document. The committee members had expertise in exposure assessment, analytic methods, inhalation toxicology, epidemiology, and occupational health.

In its review of the DOD EPMSP report, the committee was specifically asked to address the approaches to sampling and analysis, site-specific differences in particulate-matter concentrations, and the potential acute and chronic health implications for deployed personnel based on the particle mass concentration and chemical composition data presented. The committee’s review included consideration of epidemiologic investigations and health-surveillance information collected by the U.S. Army on deployed personnel presented to the committee during its first meeting. The committee was also asked to make recommendations for reducing or better characterizing health risks and for improving epidemiologic investigations.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×

The present report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards of objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report: Robert Burr, Wasatch Endocrinology and Diabetes Specialists; Judith C. Chow, Desert Research Institute; J. Timothy Dvonch, University of Michigan; John. M. Ondov, University of Maryland; Jonathan M. Samet, University of Southern California; Jeremy A. Sarnat, Emory University; Richard B. Schlesinger, Pace University; and Paul J. Villeneuve, Health Canada.

Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of the report was overseen by Samuel Kacew, University of Ottawa. Appointed by the National Research Council, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of the report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.

The committee gratefully acknowledges the following for making presentations to the committee: Joseph Abraham, Coleen Baird, Ronald Ross, and James Sheehy, U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine; William Darby, U.S. Army Medical Department Center and School; Alan Gertler, Desert Research Institute; Alan Peterson, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; and Michael G. Stockelman, Naval Health Research Center Environmental Health Effects Laboratory.

The committee is also grateful for the assistance of the National Research Council staff in preparing this report. Staff members who contributed to the effort are Heidi Murray-Smith, project director; Eileen Abt, senior program officer; James Reisa, director of the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology; Norman Grossblatt, senior editor; Mirsada Karalic-Loncarevic, manager, Technical Information Center; Radiah Rose, manager, editorial projects; and Panola Golson, program associate.

I would especially like to thank the members of the committee for their efforts throughout the development of this report.


Mark J. Utell, Chair

Committee for Review of the DOD’s

Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×

Abbreviations

AA atomic absorption

AC automated colorimetry

BALF bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

CCSEM computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy

DOD Department of Defense

DRI Desert Research Institute

EC elemental carbon

EDXRF energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

EPMSP Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program

FEV1 forced expiratory volume in the first second

FVC forced-vital capacity

IC ion chromatography

ICP-MS inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

ICP-OES inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry

MEG Military Exposure Guideline

NRC National Research Council

OC organic carbon

PM particulate matter

QA quality assurance

SEM scanning electron microscopy

TOR thermal optical reflectance

TOT thermal optical transmission

TSP total suspended particulates

USACHPPM U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine

XRD x-ray diffraction

XRF x-ray fluorescence

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×

This page intentionally left blank.

Page xviii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×

BOXES, FIGURES, AND TABLES

BOXES

2-1

 

Overloading of Impactors and Introduction of Sampling Artifacts,

 

33

4-1

 

General Approach to Medical Surveillance,

 

58

4-2

 

Interpretation of Military Exposure Guidelines for Particulate Matter,

 

59

FIGURES

2-1

 

Disassembled MiniVol sampler,

 

31

2-2

 

Assembled MiniVol sampler,

 

32

TABLES

1-1

 

Examples of Health Outcomes Measured in Air-Pollution Exposure Studies,

 

13

2-1

 

Sampling Sites and Sampling Periods,

 

27

2-2

 

Filter Media and Corresponding Analytic Methods,

 

28

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×

This page intentionally left blank.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×
Page R1
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×
Page R2
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×
Page R3
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×
Page R4
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×
Page R5
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×
Page R6
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×
Page R7
Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×
Page R8
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×
Page R9
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×
Page R10
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×
Page R11
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×
Page R12
Page xiii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×
Page R13
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×
Page R14
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×
Page R15
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×
Page R16
Page xvii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×
Page R17
Page xviii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×
Page R18
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×
Page R19
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12911.
×
Page R20
Next: Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report »
Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $39.00 Buy Ebook | $31.99
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

Soldiers deployed during the 1991 Persian Gulf War were exposed to high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and other airborne pollutants. Their exposures were largely the result of daily windblown dust, dust storms, and smoke from oil fires. On returning from deployment, many veterans complained of persistent respiratory symptoms. With the renewed activity in the Middle East over the last few years, deployed military personnel are again exposed to dust storms and daily windblown dust in addition to other types of PM, such as diesel exhaust and particles from open-pit burning. On the basis of the high concentrations observed and concerns about the potential health effects, DOD designed and implemented a study to characterize and quantify the PM in the ambient environment at 15 sites in the Middle East. The endeavor is known as the DOD Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program (EPMSP).

The U.S. Army asked the National Research Council to review the EPMSP report. In response, the present evaluation considers the potential acute and chronic health implications on the basis of information presented in the report. It also considers epidemiologic and health-surveillance data collected by the USACHPPM, to assess potential health implications for deployed personnel, and recommends methods for reducing or characterizing health risks.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!