National Academies Press: OpenBook

Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation (2011)

Chapter: Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model

« Previous: Appendix A: Model Estimated Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sediment Loads by Sector for Five Scenarios
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
×

Appendix B

Best Management Practices and
Load Reduction Efficiencies Used
in the Watershed Model

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
×

TABLE B-1 Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model

Non-Point Source Best Management Practices and Efficiencies Currently Used in Scenario Builder (Values in parentheses are in progress of official approval)



Agricultural BMPs
 

How Credited
Nutrient management   Land-use change
Forest buffers (varies by region   Efficiency, Land-use change
Wetland restoration (varies by region)   Efficiency
Land retirement   Land-use change
Grass buffers (varies by region)   Efficiency, Land-use change
Non-urban stream restoration   Mass reduction/length
Tree planting   Land-use change
Carbon sequestration/alternative crops   Land-use change
Conservation tillage   Land-use change
Continuous no-till (varies by region)   Efficiency
Enhanced nutrient management   Efficiency
Decision agriculture   Efficiency
Conservation plans

High-till
Low-till
All hay
Pasture

Efficiency
Efficiency
Efficiency
Efficiency
Cover crops   Efficiency
Commodity cover crops   Efficiency
Stream access control with fencing   Land-use change
Alternative watering facility   Efficiency
Prescribed grazing/PIRG   Efficiency
Horse pasture management   Efficiency
Animal waste management livestock   Efficiency
Animal waste management poultry   Efficiency
Barnyard runoff control   Efficiency
Loafing lot management   Efficiency
Mortality composters   Efficiency
Water control structures   Efficiency
Poultry phytase   Application reduction
Swine phytase   Application reduction
Dairy precision feeding and forage management   Application reduction
Poultry litter transport   Application reduction
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
×
         
 
 
         
TN   TP   SED
Reduction   Reduction   Reduction
Effciency   Effciency   Effciency
N/A   N/A   N/A
19-65%   30-45%   40-60%
7-25%   12-50%   4-15%
N/A   N/A   N/A
13-46%   30-45%   40-60%
0.02 lb/ft   0.003 lb/ft   2 lb/ft
N/A   N/A   N/A
N/A   N/A   N/A
N/A   N/A   N/A
(10-15%)   (20-40%)   (70%)
(7%)   (N/A)   (N/A)
(4%)   (N/A)   (N/A)
8%   15%   25%
3%   5%   8%
3%   5%   8%
5%   10%   14%
Varies   Varies   Varies
Varies   Varies   Varies
N/A   N/A   N/A
5%   8%   10%
9%   24%   30%
N/A   20%   40%
75%   75%   N/A
75%   75%   N/A
20%   20%   40%
20%   20%   40%
40%   10%   N/A
33%   N/A   N/A
N/A   N/A   N/A
N/A   N/A   N/A
N/A   N/A   N/A
N/A   N/A   N/A
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
×
Agricultural BMPs   How Credited
Ammonia emissions reduction (interim)   Application reduction
Poultry litter injection (interim)   Efficiency
Liquid manure injection (interim)   Efficiency
Phosphorus sorbing materials in ditches (interim)   Efficiency
 
 
Resource BMPs   How redited
Forest harvesting practices   Efficiency
Dirt & gravel road erosion & sediment control—   Mass reduction/length
Driving surface aggregate + raising the roadbed  
Dirt & gravel road erosion & sediment control—with outlets   Mass reduction/length
Dirt & gravel road erosion & sediment control—outlets only   Mass reduction/length
 
 
Urban BMPs   How credited
Forest conservation   Land-use change
Urban growth reduction   Land-use change
Impervious urban surface reduction   Land-use change
Forest buffers   Efficiency, land-use change
tree planting   Land-use change
Abandoned mine reclamation   Land-use change
Wet ponds and wetlands   Efficiency
Dry detention ponds and hydrodynamic structures   Efficiency
Dry extended detention ponds   Efficiency
Infiltration practices w/o sand, vegetation   Efficiency
Infiltration practices w/ sand, vegetation   Efficiency
Filtering practices   Efficiency
Erosion and sediment control   Efficiency
Nutrient management   Efficiency
Street sweeping   Efficiency
Urban stream restoration   Load reduction/length
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
×
     
TN TP SED
Reduction Reduction Reduction
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
15-60% N/A N/A
25% 0% 0%
25% 0% 0%
40% 0% 0%
 
 
TN TP SED
Reduction Reduction Reduction
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
50% 60% 60%
0

0

2.96 lb/ft

0

0

3.6 lb/ft

0 0 1.76 lb/ft
 
 
TN TP SED
Reduction Reduction Reduction
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A
25% 50% 50%
N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A
20% 45% 60%
5% 10% 10%
20% 20% 60%
80% 85% 95%
85% 85% 95%
40% 60% 80%
25% 40% 40%
17% 22% N/A
3% 3% 9%
0.02 lb/ft 0.003 lb/ft 2 lb/ft
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
×
Urban BMPs   How Credited
Septic connections   Septic denitrification
Septic denitrification   Efficiency
Septic pumping   Efficiency
Bioretention C/D soils, underdrain
A/B soils, no underdrain
A/B soils, no underdrain
Efficiency
Efficiency
Efficiency
Vegetated open channels C/D soils, no underdrain
A/B soils, no underdrain
Efficiency
Efficiency
Bioswale   Efficiency
Permeable pavement w/o sand, vegetation C/D soils, underdrain
A/B soils, underdrain
A/B soils, no underdrain
Efficiency
Efficiency
Efficiency
Permeable pavement w/ sand, vegetation C/D soils, underdrain
A/B soils, underdrain
A/B soils, no underdrain
Efficiency
Efficiency
Efficiency
 
 
BMPs

Hydrogeomorphic region(s)

Forest buffers

Appalachian plateau siliciclastic non-tidal

 

Blue Ridge non-tidal; mesozoic lowlands non-tidal; valley and ridge carbonate non-tidal

 

Coastal plain dissected uplands non-tidal

 

Coastal plain dissected uplands tidal; coastal plain lowlands tidal; coastal plain uplands tidal; Piedmont crystalline tidal

 

Coastal plain lowlands non-tidal

 

Piedmont crystalline non-tidal

 

Coastal plain uplands non-tidal

 

Piedmont carbonate non-tidal

 

Valley and ridge siliciclastic non-tidal

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
×
     
TN TP SED
Reduction Reduction Reduction
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
N/A N/A N/A
50% N/A N/A
5% N/A N/A
25% 45% 55%
70% 75% 80%
80% 85% 90%
10% 10% 50%
45% 45% 70%
70% 75% 80%
10% 20% 55%
45% 50% 70%
75% 80% 85%
20% 20% 55%
50% 50% 70%
80% 80% 85%
 
 
TN TP SED
Reduction Reduction Reduction
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
54% 42% 56%
34% 30% 40%
     
34% 30% 40%
19% 45% 60%
     
56% 39% 52%
56% 42% 56%
31% 45% 60%
46% 36% 48%
46% 39% 52%
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
×
BMPs  

Hydrogeomorphic region(s)

Grass buffers  

Appalachian plateau siliciclastic non-tidal

   

Blue Ridge non-tidal; mesozoic lowlands non-tidal; valley and ridge carbonate non-tidal

   

Coastal plain dissected uplands non-tidal

   

Coastal plain dissected uplands tidal; coastal plain lowlands tidal; coastal plain uplands tidal; Piedmont crystalline tidal

   

Coastal plain lowlands non-tidal

   

Piedmont crystalline non-tidal

   

Coastal plain uplands non-tidal

   

Piedmont carbonate non-tidal

   

Valley and ridge siliciclastic non-tidal

Wetland restoration
(ag and urban)
 

Appalachian plateau siliciclastic non-tidal

   

Coastal plain dissected uplands non-tidal; coastal plain dissected uplands tidal; coastal plain lowlands tidal; coastal plain uplands tidal; coastal plain lowlands non-tidal; coastal plains uplands non-tidal

   

Blue Ridge non-tidal; Mesozoic lowlands non-tidal; valley and ridge carbonate non-tidal; Piedmont crystalline tidal; Piedmont crystalline non-tidal; Piedmont carbonate non-tidal

Continuous no-till  

Coastal plain dissected uplands non-tidal; coastal plain dissected uplands tidal; coastal plain lowlands tidal; coastal plain uplands tidal; coastal plain lowlands non-tidal; coastal plains uplands non-tidal

   

Appalachian plateau siliciclastic non-tidal; Blue Ridge non-tidal; Mesozoic lowlands non-tidal; valley and ridge carbonate non-tidal; Piedmont crystalline tidal; Piedmont crystalline non-tidal; Piedmont carbonate non-tidal; valley and ridge siliciclastic non-tidal

Cover crop early drilled rye
(low-till gets only TN efficiency)
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings *

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic;**

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
×
     
TN TP SED
Reduction Reduction Reduction
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
38% 42% 56%
24% 30% 40%
     
46% 42% 56%
13% 45% 60%
     
39% 39% 52%
39% 42% 56%
21% 45% 60%
32% 36% 48%
32% 39% 52%
7% 12% 4%
     
25% 50% 15%
     
14% 26% 8%
     
10% 20% 70%
     
15% 40% 70%
     
     
45% 15% 20%
34% 15% 20%
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
×
BMPs  

Hydrogeomorphic region(s)

Cover crop early aerial soy wheat
(low-till gets only TN efficiency)
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Cover crop early aerial corn wheat
(low-till gets only TN efficiency)
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Cover crop standard drilled wheat
(low-till gets only TN efficiency)
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Cover crop standard drilled rye
(low-till gets only TN efficiency)
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Cover crop standard other rye
(low-till gets only TN efficiency)
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Cover crop late drilled rye
(low-till gets only TN efficiency)
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Cover crop late other rye
(low-till gets only TN efficiency)
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Cover crop early drilled wheat
(low-till gets only TN efficiency)
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Cover crop early other wheat
(low-till gets only TN efficiency)
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
×
     
TN TP SED
Reduction Reduction Reduction
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
38% 15% 20%
     
29% 15% 20%
     
31% 15% 20%
     
24% 15% 20%
     
18% 15% 20%
     
14% 15% 20%
     
41% 7% 10%
     
31% 7% 10%
     
35% 7% 10%
     
27% 7% 10%
     
19% N/A N/A
     
15% N/A N/A
     
16% N/A N/A
     
12% N/A N/A
     
31% 15% 20%
     
24% 15% 20%
     
27% 15% 20%
     
20% 15% 20%
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
×
BMPs  

Hydrogeomorphic region(s)

Cover crop early aerial soy wheat
(low-till gets only TN efficiency)
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Cover crop early aerial corn wheat
(low-till gets only TN efficiency)
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Cover crop standard drilled wheat
(low-till gets only TN efficiency)
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Cover crop standard other wheat
(low-till gets only TN efficiency)
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Cover crop late drilled wheat
(low-till gets only TN efficiency)
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Cover crop late other wheat
(low-till gets only TN efficiency)
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Cover crop early drilled barley
(low-till gets only TN efficiency)
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Cover crop early other barley
(low-till gets only TN efficiency)
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Cover crop early aerial soy barley
(low-till gets only TN efficiency)
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
×
     
TN TP SED
Reduction Reduction Reduction
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
22% 15% 20%
     
17% 15% 20%
     
12% 15% 20%
     
10% 15% 20%
     
29% 7% 10%
     
22% 7% 10%
     
24% 7% 10%
     
18% 7% 10%
     
13% N/A N/A
     
10% N/A N/A
     
11% N/A N/A
     
9% N/A N/A
     
38% 20% 20%
     
29% 20% 20%
     
32% 15% 20%
     
25% 15% 20%
     
27% 15% 20%
     
20% 15% 20%
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
×
Urban BMPs  

Hydrogeomorphic region(s)

Cover crop early aerial corn barley
(low-till gets only TN efficiency)
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Cover crop standard drilled barley
(low-till gets only TN efficiency)
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Cover crop standard other barley
(low-till gets only TN efficiency)
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Commodity cover crop early drill wheat  

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Commodity cover crop early other wheat  

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Commodity cover crop early aerial
soy wheat
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Commodity cover crop early aerial corn wheat  

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Commodity cover crop
standard drill wheat
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Commodity cover crop
standard other wheat
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
×
     
TN TP SED
Reduction Reduction Reduction
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
15% 15% 20%
     
12% 15% 20%
     
29% 7% 10%
     
22% 7% 10%
     
24% 7% 10%
     
19% 7% 10%
     
17% N/A N/A
     
15% N/A N/A
     
12% N/A N/A
     
7% N/A N/A
     
15% N/A N/A
     
12% N/A N/A
     
7% N/A N/A
     
6% N/A N/A
     
15% N/A N/A
     
11% N/A N/A
     
12% N/A N/A
     
7% N/A N/A
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
×
BMPs  

Hydrogeomorphic region(s)

Commodity cover crop
late drill wheat
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Commodity cover crop
late other wheat
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Commodity cover crop
early drill barley
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Commodity cover crop
early aerial soy barley
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Commodity cover crop
early aerial corn barley
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Commodity cover crop
standard drill barley
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Commodity cover crop
standard other barley
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Commodity cover crop
standard other rye
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

Commodity cover crop
early other barley
 

Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings*

Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic**

*Coastal plain dissected uplands non-tidal; coast plain dissected uplands tidal; coastal plain lowlands tidal; coastal plain uplands tidal; coastal plain lowlands non-tidal; coastal plain uplands non-tidal; valley and ridge carbonate non-tidal; Piedmont carbonate non-tidal.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
×
TN TP SED
Reduction Reduction Reduction
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
7% N/A N/A
6%

N/A

N/A

13% N/A N/A
11%

N/A

N/A

9% N/A N/A
6%

N/A

N/A

6% N/A N/A
5%

N/A

N/A

13% N/A N/A
11%

N/A

N/A

15% N/A N/A
11%

N/A

N/A

12% N/A N/A
10%

N/A

N/A

18% N/A N/A
14%

N/A

N/A

15% N/A N/A
11%

N/A

N/A

**ABLEAppalachian Plateau siliciclastic non-tidal; Mesozoic lowlands non-tidal; Piedmont crystalline tidal; Piedmont crystalline non-tidal; valley and ridge siliciclastic non-tidal; Blue Ridge non-tidal.
SOURCE: http://archive.chesapeakebay.net/pubs/NPS_BMP_Table1.8.pdf

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
×

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model." National Research Council. 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13131.
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Next: Appendix C: Details on Tracking and Accounting by Bay Jurisdiction »
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The Chesapeake Bay is North America's largest and most biologically diverse estuary, as well as an important commercial and recreational resource. However, excessive amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment from human activities and land development have disrupted the ecosystem, causing harmful algae blooms, degraded habitats, and diminished populations of many species of fish and shellfish. In 1983, the Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) was established, based on a cooperative partnership among the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the state of Maryland, and the commonwealths of Pennsylvania and Virginia, and the District of Columbia, to address the extent, complexity, and sources of pollutants entering the Bay. In 2008, the CBP launched a series of initiatives to increase the transparency of the program and heighten its accountability and in 2009 an executive order injected new energy into the restoration. In addition, as part of the effect to improve the pace of progress and increase accountability in the Bay restoration, a two-year milestone strategy was introduced aimed at reducing overall pollution in the Bay by focusing on incremental, short-term commitments from each of the Bay jurisdictions.

The National Research Council (NRC) established the Committee on the Evaluation of Chesapeake Bay Program Implementation for Nutrient Reduction in Improve Water Quality in 2009 in response to a request from the EPA. The committee was charged to assess the framework used by the states and the CBP for tracking nutrient and sediment control practices that are implemented in the Chesapeake Bay watershed and to evaluate the two-year milestone strategy. The committee was also to assess existing adaptive management strategies and to recommend improvements that could help CBP to meet its nutrient and sediment reduction goals.

The committee did not attempt to identify every possible strategy that could be implemented but instead focused on approaches that are not being implemented to their full potential or that may have substantial, unrealized potential in the Bay watershed. Because many of these strategies have policy or societal implications that could not be fully evaluated by the committee, the strategies are not prioritized but are offered to encourage further consideration and exploration among the CBP partners and stakeholders.

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