Appendix B
Best Management Practices and
Load Reduction Efficiencies Used
in the Watershed Model
TABLE B-1 Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies Used in the Watershed Model |
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Non-Point Source Best Management Practices and Efficiencies Currently Used in Scenario Builder (Values in parentheses are in progress of official approval) |
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Agricultural BMPs |
How Credited |
|
Nutrient management | Land-use change | |
Forest buffers (varies by region | Efficiency, Land-use change | |
Wetland restoration (varies by region) | Efficiency | |
Land retirement | Land-use change | |
Grass buffers (varies by region) | Efficiency, Land-use change | |
Non-urban stream restoration | Mass reduction/length | |
Tree planting | Land-use change | |
Carbon sequestration/alternative crops | Land-use change | |
Conservation tillage | Land-use change | |
Continuous no-till (varies by region) | Efficiency | |
Enhanced nutrient management | Efficiency | |
Decision agriculture | Efficiency | |
Conservation plans |
High-till |
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency |
Cover crops | Efficiency | |
Commodity cover crops | Efficiency | |
Stream access control with fencing | Land-use change | |
Alternative watering facility | Efficiency | |
Prescribed grazing/PIRG | Efficiency | |
Horse pasture management | Efficiency | |
Animal waste management livestock | Efficiency | |
Animal waste management poultry | Efficiency | |
Barnyard runoff control | Efficiency | |
Loafing lot management | Efficiency | |
Mortality composters | Efficiency | |
Water control structures | Efficiency | |
Poultry phytase | Application reduction | |
Swine phytase | Application reduction | |
Dairy precision feeding and forage management | Application reduction | |
Poultry litter transport | Application reduction |
TN | TP | SED | ||
Reduction | Reduction | Reduction | ||
Effciency | Effciency | Effciency | ||
N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
19-65% | 30-45% | 40-60% | ||
7-25% | 12-50% | 4-15% | ||
N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
13-46% | 30-45% | 40-60% | ||
0.02 lb/ft | 0.003 lb/ft | 2 lb/ft | ||
N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
(10-15%) | (20-40%) | (70%) | ||
(7%) | (N/A) | (N/A) | ||
(4%) | (N/A) | (N/A) | ||
8% | 15% | 25% | ||
3% | 5% | 8% | ||
3% | 5% | 8% | ||
5% | 10% | 14% | ||
Varies | Varies | Varies | ||
Varies | Varies | Varies | ||
N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
5% | 8% | 10% | ||
9% | 24% | 30% | ||
N/A | 20% | 40% | ||
75% | 75% | N/A | ||
75% | 75% | N/A | ||
20% | 20% | 40% | ||
20% | 20% | 40% | ||
40% | 10% | N/A | ||
33% | N/A | N/A | ||
N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
N/A | N/A | N/A |
Agricultural BMPs | How Credited | |
Ammonia emissions reduction (interim) | Application reduction | |
Poultry litter injection (interim) | Efficiency | |
Liquid manure injection (interim) | Efficiency | |
Phosphorus sorbing materials in ditches (interim) | Efficiency | |
Resource BMPs | How redited | |
Forest harvesting practices | Efficiency | |
Dirt & gravel road erosion & sediment control— | Mass reduction/length | |
Driving surface aggregate + raising the roadbed | ||
Dirt & gravel road erosion & sediment control—with outlets | Mass reduction/length | |
Dirt & gravel road erosion & sediment control—outlets only | Mass reduction/length | |
Urban BMPs | How credited | |
Forest conservation | Land-use change | |
Urban growth reduction | Land-use change | |
Impervious urban surface reduction | Land-use change | |
Forest buffers | Efficiency, land-use change | |
tree planting | Land-use change | |
Abandoned mine reclamation | Land-use change | |
Wet ponds and wetlands | Efficiency | |
Dry detention ponds and hydrodynamic structures | Efficiency | |
Dry extended detention ponds | Efficiency | |
Infiltration practices w/o sand, vegetation | Efficiency | |
Infiltration practices w/ sand, vegetation | Efficiency | |
Filtering practices | Efficiency | |
Erosion and sediment control | Efficiency | |
Nutrient management | Efficiency | |
Street sweeping | Efficiency | |
Urban stream restoration | Load reduction/length |
TN | TP | SED |
Reduction | Reduction | Reduction |
Efficiency | Efficiency | Efficiency |
15-60% | N/A | N/A |
25% | 0% | 0% |
25% | 0% | 0% |
40% | 0% | 0% |
TN | TP | SED |
Reduction | Reduction | Reduction |
Efficiency | Efficiency | Efficiency |
50% | 60% | 60% |
0 |
0 |
2.96 lb/ft |
0 |
0 |
3.6 lb/ft |
0 | 0 | 1.76 lb/ft |
TN | TP | SED |
Reduction | Reduction | Reduction |
Efficiency | Efficiency | Efficiency |
N/A | N/A | N/A |
N/A | N/A | N/A |
N/A | N/A | N/A |
25% | 50% | 50% |
N/A | N/A | N/A |
N/A | N/A | N/A |
20% | 45% | 60% |
5% | 10% | 10% |
20% | 20% | 60% |
80% | 85% | 95% |
85% | 85% | 95% |
40% | 60% | 80% |
25% | 40% | 40% |
17% | 22% | N/A |
3% | 3% | 9% |
0.02 lb/ft | 0.003 lb/ft | 2 lb/ft |
Urban BMPs | How Credited | |
Septic connections | Septic denitrification | |
Septic denitrification | Efficiency | |
Septic pumping | Efficiency | |
Bioretention | C/D soils, underdrain A/B soils, no underdrain A/B soils, no underdrain |
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency |
Vegetated open channels | C/D soils, no underdrain A/B soils, no underdrain |
Efficiency Efficiency |
Bioswale | Efficiency | |
Permeable pavement w/o sand, vegetation | C/D soils, underdrain A/B soils, underdrain A/B soils, no underdrain |
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency |
Permeable pavement w/ sand, vegetation | C/D soils, underdrain A/B soils, underdrain A/B soils, no underdrain |
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency |
BMPs |
Hydrogeomorphic region(s) |
Forest buffers |
Appalachian plateau siliciclastic non-tidal |
Blue Ridge non-tidal; mesozoic lowlands non-tidal; valley and ridge carbonate non-tidal |
|
Coastal plain dissected uplands non-tidal |
|
Coastal plain dissected uplands tidal; coastal plain lowlands tidal; coastal plain uplands tidal; Piedmont crystalline tidal |
|
Coastal plain lowlands non-tidal |
|
Piedmont crystalline non-tidal |
|
Coastal plain uplands non-tidal |
|
Piedmont carbonate non-tidal |
|
Valley and ridge siliciclastic non-tidal |
TN | TP | SED |
Reduction | Reduction | Reduction |
Efficiency | Efficiency | Efficiency |
N/A | N/A | N/A |
50% | N/A | N/A |
5% | N/A | N/A |
25% | 45% | 55% |
70% | 75% | 80% |
80% | 85% | 90% |
10% | 10% | 50% |
45% | 45% | 70% |
70% | 75% | 80% |
10% | 20% | 55% |
45% | 50% | 70% |
75% | 80% | 85% |
20% | 20% | 55% |
50% | 50% | 70% |
80% | 80% | 85% |
TN | TP | SED |
Reduction | Reduction | Reduction |
Efficiency | Efficiency | Efficiency |
54% | 42% | 56% |
34% | 30% | 40% |
34% | 30% | 40% |
19% | 45% | 60% |
56% | 39% | 52% |
56% | 42% | 56% |
31% | 45% | 60% |
46% | 36% | 48% |
46% | 39% | 52% |
BMPs |
Hydrogeomorphic region(s) |
|
Grass buffers |
Appalachian plateau siliciclastic non-tidal |
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Blue Ridge non-tidal; mesozoic lowlands non-tidal; valley and ridge carbonate non-tidal |
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Coastal plain dissected uplands non-tidal |
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Coastal plain dissected uplands tidal; coastal plain lowlands tidal; coastal plain uplands tidal; Piedmont crystalline tidal |
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Coastal plain lowlands non-tidal |
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Piedmont crystalline non-tidal |
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Coastal plain uplands non-tidal |
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Piedmont carbonate non-tidal |
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Valley and ridge siliciclastic non-tidal |
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Wetland restoration (ag and urban) |
Appalachian plateau siliciclastic non-tidal |
|
Coastal plain dissected uplands non-tidal; coastal plain dissected uplands tidal; coastal plain lowlands tidal; coastal plain uplands tidal; coastal plain lowlands non-tidal; coastal plains uplands non-tidal |
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Blue Ridge non-tidal; Mesozoic lowlands non-tidal; valley and ridge carbonate non-tidal; Piedmont crystalline tidal; Piedmont crystalline non-tidal; Piedmont carbonate non-tidal |
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Continuous no-till |
Coastal plain dissected uplands non-tidal; coastal plain dissected uplands tidal; coastal plain lowlands tidal; coastal plain uplands tidal; coastal plain lowlands non-tidal; coastal plains uplands non-tidal |
|
Appalachian plateau siliciclastic non-tidal; Blue Ridge non-tidal; Mesozoic lowlands non-tidal; valley and ridge carbonate non-tidal; Piedmont crystalline tidal; Piedmont crystalline non-tidal; Piedmont carbonate non-tidal; valley and ridge siliciclastic non-tidal |
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Cover crop early drilled rye (low-till gets only TN efficiency) |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings * Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic;** |
TN | TP | SED |
Reduction | Reduction | Reduction |
Efficiency | Efficiency | Efficiency |
38% | 42% | 56% |
24% | 30% | 40% |
46% | 42% | 56% |
13% | 45% | 60% |
39% | 39% | 52% |
39% | 42% | 56% |
21% | 45% | 60% |
32% | 36% | 48% |
32% | 39% | 52% |
7% | 12% | 4% |
25% | 50% | 15% |
14% | 26% | 8% |
10% | 20% | 70% |
15% | 40% | 70% |
45% | 15% | 20% |
34% | 15% | 20% |
BMPs |
Hydrogeomorphic region(s) |
|
Cover crop early aerial soy wheat (low-till gets only TN efficiency) |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
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Cover crop early aerial corn wheat (low-till gets only TN efficiency) |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Cover crop standard drilled wheat (low-till gets only TN efficiency) |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Cover crop standard drilled rye (low-till gets only TN efficiency) |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Cover crop standard other rye (low-till gets only TN efficiency) |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
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Cover crop late drilled rye (low-till gets only TN efficiency) |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Cover crop late other rye (low-till gets only TN efficiency) |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Cover crop early drilled wheat (low-till gets only TN efficiency) |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Cover crop early other wheat (low-till gets only TN efficiency) |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
TN | TP | SED |
Reduction | Reduction | Reduction |
Efficiency | Efficiency | Efficiency |
38% | 15% | 20% |
29% | 15% | 20% |
31% | 15% | 20% |
24% | 15% | 20% |
18% | 15% | 20% |
14% | 15% | 20% |
41% | 7% | 10% |
31% | 7% | 10% |
35% | 7% | 10% |
27% | 7% | 10% |
19% | N/A | N/A |
15% | N/A | N/A |
16% | N/A | N/A |
12% | N/A | N/A |
31% | 15% | 20% |
24% | 15% | 20% |
27% | 15% | 20% |
20% | 15% | 20% |
BMPs |
Hydrogeomorphic region(s) |
|
Cover crop early aerial soy wheat (low-till gets only TN efficiency) |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Cover crop early aerial corn wheat (low-till gets only TN efficiency) |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Cover crop standard drilled wheat (low-till gets only TN efficiency) |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Cover crop standard other wheat (low-till gets only TN efficiency) |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Cover crop late drilled wheat (low-till gets only TN efficiency) |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Cover crop late other wheat (low-till gets only TN efficiency) |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Cover crop early drilled barley (low-till gets only TN efficiency) |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Cover crop early other barley (low-till gets only TN efficiency) |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Cover crop early aerial soy barley (low-till gets only TN efficiency) |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
TN | TP | SED |
Reduction | Reduction | Reduction |
Efficiency | Efficiency | Efficiency |
22% | 15% | 20% |
17% | 15% | 20% |
12% | 15% | 20% |
10% | 15% | 20% |
29% | 7% | 10% |
22% | 7% | 10% |
24% | 7% | 10% |
18% | 7% | 10% |
13% | N/A | N/A |
10% | N/A | N/A |
11% | N/A | N/A |
9% | N/A | N/A |
38% | 20% | 20% |
29% | 20% | 20% |
32% | 15% | 20% |
25% | 15% | 20% |
27% | 15% | 20% |
20% | 15% | 20% |
Urban BMPs |
Hydrogeomorphic region(s) |
|
Cover crop early aerial corn barley (low-till gets only TN efficiency) |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Cover crop standard drilled barley (low-till gets only TN efficiency) |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Cover crop standard other barley (low-till gets only TN efficiency) |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Commodity cover crop early drill wheat |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Commodity cover crop early other wheat |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Commodity cover crop early aerial soy wheat |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Commodity cover crop early aerial corn wheat |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Commodity cover crop standard drill wheat |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Commodity cover crop standard other wheat |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
TN | TP | SED |
Reduction | Reduction | Reduction |
Efficiency | Efficiency | Efficiency |
15% | 15% | 20% |
12% | 15% | 20% |
29% | 7% | 10% |
22% | 7% | 10% |
24% | 7% | 10% |
19% | 7% | 10% |
17% | N/A | N/A |
15% | N/A | N/A |
12% | N/A | N/A |
7% | N/A | N/A |
15% | N/A | N/A |
12% | N/A | N/A |
7% | N/A | N/A |
6% | N/A | N/A |
15% | N/A | N/A |
11% | N/A | N/A |
12% | N/A | N/A |
7% | N/A | N/A |
BMPs |
Hydrogeomorphic region(s) |
|
Commodity cover crop late drill wheat |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Commodity cover crop late other wheat |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Commodity cover crop early drill barley |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Commodity cover crop early aerial soy barley |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Commodity cover crop early aerial corn barley |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Commodity cover crop standard drill barley |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Commodity cover crop standard other barley |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Commodity cover crop standard other rye |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
|
Commodity cover crop early other barley |
Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst settings* Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge siliciclastic** |
*Coastal plain dissected uplands non-tidal; coast plain dissected uplands tidal; coastal plain lowlands tidal; coastal plain uplands tidal; coastal plain lowlands non-tidal; coastal plain uplands non-tidal; valley and ridge carbonate non-tidal; Piedmont carbonate non-tidal.
TN | TP | SED |
Reduction | Reduction | Reduction |
Efficiency | Efficiency | Efficiency |
7% | N/A | N/A |
6% |
N/A |
N/A |
13% | N/A | N/A |
11% |
N/A |
N/A |
9% | N/A | N/A |
6% |
N/A |
N/A |
6% | N/A | N/A |
5% |
N/A |
N/A |
13% | N/A | N/A |
11% |
N/A |
N/A |
15% | N/A | N/A |
11% |
N/A |
N/A |
12% | N/A | N/A |
10% |
N/A |
N/A |
18% | N/A | N/A |
14% |
N/A |
N/A |
15% | N/A | N/A |
11% |
N/A |
N/A |
**ABLEAppalachian Plateau siliciclastic non-tidal; Mesozoic lowlands non-tidal; Piedmont crystalline tidal; Piedmont crystalline non-tidal; valley and ridge siliciclastic non-tidal; Blue Ridge non-tidal.
SOURCE: http://archive.chesapeakebay.net/pubs/NPS_BMP_Table1.8.pdf
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