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Prepositioning Antibiotics for Anthrax (2012)

Chapter: Appendix A: Acronyms

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Prepositioning Antibiotics for Anthrax. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13218.
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Appendix A

Acronyms

ADE adverse drug event
APUA Alliance for Prudent Use of Antibiotics
ASPR Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (Department of Health and Human Services)
AVA anthrax vaccine adsorbed (a licensed anthrax vaccine)
 
BAR BioWatch Actionable Result
BARDA Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority
BENS Business Executives for National Security
BERM Bioterrorism and Epidemic Outbreak Response Model
 
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CERT Community Emergency Response Team
cGMP current good manufacturing practice
CHC community health center
CI confidence interval
CRI Cities Readiness Initiative
 
DHS Department of Homeland Security
DOD Department of Defense
DTD decision to dispense
 
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EUA Emergency Use Authorization
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Prepositioning Antibiotics for Anthrax. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13218.
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FDA Food and Drug Administration
FFDCA Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
 
HHS Department of Health and Human Services
HIPAA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
HoH head of household
HPP Hospital Preparedness Program
HRSA Health Resources and Services Administration
 
IND Investigational New Drug
IOM Institute of Medicine
IV intravenous
 
KI potassium iodide
 
MCM medical countermeasures
MCMDD Medical Countermeasures Distribution and Dispensing
MDR multi-drug-resistant
MERC Medical Emergency Response Cache (New York State)
MOA memorandum of agreement
MOU memorandum of understanding
MSA metropolitan statistical area
MTD Material Threat Determination
 
NBSB National Biodefense Science Board
NRC U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
 
OMB Office of Management and Budget
 
PCR polymerase chain reaction
PEP postexposure prophylaxis
PHEP Public Health Emergency Preparedness
PhRMA Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America
POD point of dispensing
PREP Act Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act
 
QA/QC quality assurance/quality control
 
REMS risk evaluation and mitigation strategies
RSS receiving, staging, and storage
 
SHSP State Homeland Security Program
SLEP Shelf Life Extension Program
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Prepositioning Antibiotics for Anthrax. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13218.
×
SNS Strategic National Stockpile
 
TAR Technical Assistance Review
THIRA Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
 
UASI Urban Area Security Initiative
USPS U.S. Postal Service
 
VA Department of Veterans Affairs
VMI vendor-managed inventory
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Prepositioning Antibiotics for Anthrax. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13218.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Prepositioning Antibiotics for Anthrax. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13218.
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Page 217
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Prepositioning Antibiotics for Anthrax. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13218.
×
Page 218
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Prepositioning Antibiotics for Anthrax. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13218.
×
Page 219
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Prepositioning Antibiotics for Anthrax. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13218.
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Page 220
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If terrorists released Bacillus anthracis over a large city, hundreds of thousands of people could be at risk of the deadly disease anthrax-caused by the B. anthracis spores-unless they had rapid access to antibiotic medical countermeasures (MCM). Although plans for rapidly delivering MCM to a large number of people following an anthrax attack have been greatly enhanced during the last decade, many public health authorities and policy experts fear that the nation's current systems and plans are insufficient to respond to the most challenging scenarios, such as a very large-scale anthrax attack. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response commissioned the Institute of Medicine to examine the potential uses, benefits, and disadvantages of strategies for repositioning antibiotics. This involves storing antibiotics close to or in the possession of the people who would need rapid access to them should an attack occur.

Prepositioning Antibiotics for Anthrax reviews the scientific evidence on the time window in which antibiotics successfully prevent anthrax and the implications for decision making about prepositioning, describes potential prepositioning strategies, and develops a framework to assist state, local, and tribal public health authorities in determining whether prepositioning strategies would be beneficial for their communities. However, based on an analysis of the likely health benefits, health risks, and relative costs of the different prepositioning strategies, the book also develops findings and recommendations to provide jurisdictions with some practical insights as to the circumstances in which different prepositioning strategies may be beneficial. Finally, the book identifies federal- and national-level actions that would facilitate the evaluation and development of prepositioning strategies.

Recognizing that communities across the nation have differing needs and capabilities, the findings presented in this report are intended to assist public health officials in considering the benefits, costs, and trade-offs involved in developing alternative prepositioning strategies appropriate to their particular communities.

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