Appendix E
Summary of Health Impact Assessment Guides
Tables E-1 and E-2 provide a summary of health impact assessment (HIA) guides for each stage of the HIA process. Specifically, Table E-1 examines how HIA guides conceptualize the stages of an HIA. It does not review emerging approaches—such as practice standards (Bhatia et al. 2009, 2010)—or review criteria (Fredsgaard et al. 2009). Table E-2 provides an overview of HIA guides for policies and plans.
TABLE E-1 A Review of Health Impact Assessment Guidesa
Screening | Scoping | Assessment | Reporting | Recommendations | Monitoring and Evaluation | |
Development Lending (Pfeiffer and Dora, unpublished material, 2010)b |
• Screening |
• Scoping • Stakeholder engagement |
—— |
• Reviewing HIA report • Reviewing community health action plan |
—— |
• Monitoring community health performance of project |
ICMM (International Council on Mining and Metal 2010) |
• Screening |
• Scoping • Community profiling and baseline studies • Stakeholder and community involvement • Health impact evidence gathering |
• Analysis of health impacts • Development of mitigation and enhancement measures |
• HIA reporting |
—— |
• Developing health management plan and follow up (monitoring and evaluation) |
IFC (International Finance Corporation 2009) |
• Screening |
• Scoping |
• Risk assessment |
—— |
• Health action plan |
• Implementation and monitoring • Evaluation and verification of performance and effectiveness |
UCLA (Fielding and Cole 2008) |
• Screening |
• Scoping • Profiling |
• Assessment |
• Reporting and monitoring |
—— | —— |
Screening | Scoping | Assessment | Reporting | Recommendations | Monitoring and Evaluation | |
MWIA (Coggins et al. 2008) |
• Screening • Evidence based assessment |
• Scoping |
• Appraisal process • Community profiling • Stakeholder and key informant • Research such as literature search |
• Identification of potential beneficial or adverse impacts |
• Identification of recommendations and writing of report |
• Identification of indicators for monitoring impacts of proposal on mental well-being and implementation of recommendations |
CHETRE (Harris et al. 2007) |
• Screening |
• Scoping • Identification |
• Assessment |
—— |
• Decision-making and recommendations |
• Evaluation and follow-up |
Greenspace (Greenspace Scotland 2008) |
• Screening • Set up a team to do HIA |
• Scoping • Local profile • Involve stakeholders |
• Identification and assessment of impacts |
—— |
• Make recommendations |
• Monitor impacts |
IAIA (Quigley et al. 2006) |
• Screening |
• Scoping |
• Full-scale HIA • Public engagement and dialogue |
• Appraisal of HIA report |
• Establishment of framework for intersectoral action • Negotiation of resource allocations for health safeguard measures |
• Monitoring of compliance |
IPIECA (IPIECA/OGP 2005) |
• Screening |
• Scoping |
• Risk assessment; impact assessment |
• Decision-making; establishing priorities; reporting |
—— |
• Implementation and monitoring • Evaluation |
EFHIA (Mahoney et al. 2004) |
• Screening |
• Scoping • Impact identification |
• Assessment of impacts |
—— |
• Recommendations |
• Evaluation and monitoring |
Merseyside (Scott-Samuel et al. 2001) |
• Screening • Establish steering group • Agree on terms of reference for assessment • Select assessor |
—— |
• Conduct assessmentc |
• Appraise assessment |
• Negotiate favored options |
• Implement and monitor • Evaluate and document |
EHIA (Fehr 1999) |
• Project analysis • Regional analysis |
• Population analysis • Background situation |
• Prognosis of future pollution • Summary assessment of impacts |
—— |
• Recommendations • Communication |
• Evaluation |
aThis table examines how HIA guides conceptualize the stages of an HIA. It does not review emerging approaches, such as practice standards (Bhatia et al. 2009, 2010), or review criteria (Fredsgaard et al. 2009).
bThis is not strictly a guide, and there is no assessment stage. The document assists lenders in following and reviewing health assessments.
cThis stage includes seven steps and covers scoping and assessment. Abbreviations: CHETRE, Centre for Health Equity Training, Research and Evaluation; EFHIA, equity-focused health impact assessment; EHIA, environmental health impact assessment; IAIA, International Association for Impact Assessment; ICMM, International Council on Mining and Metals; IFC, International Finance Corporation; IPIECA, International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association; MWIA, mental well-being impact assessment; and UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles.
TABLE E-2 Health Impact Assessment Guides for Policies or Plans
SEA | EPHIA | |
(EP/Council 2001; ODPM 2005) | (Abrahams et al. 2004) | |
Screening—2.5 under Article 2(a), the plans and programs subject to the directive are those which are: | ||
Screening |
• Subject to preparation or adoption by an authority at national, regional, or local level or prepared by an authority for adoption through a legislative procedure by Parliament or government. • Required by legislative, regulatory, or administrative provisions. |
Screening |
Scoping |
Stage A—Setting the context and objectives, establishing the baseline, deciding on scope
A1: Identifying relevant plans, programs, and environmental protection objectives. A2: Collecting baseline data. A3: Identifying environmental problems. A4: Developing SEA objectives, indicators, and targets. A5: Consulting on the scope of SEA. |
Scoping |
Assessment |
Stage B—Alternatives and assessment
B1: Testing the plan or program objectives against the SEA objectives. B2: Developing strategic alternatives. B3: Predicting the effects of the draft plan or program, including alternatives. B4: Evaluating the effects of the draft plan or program, including alternatives. B5: Considering ways to mitigate adverse effects. |
B6: Proposing measures to monitor the environmental effects of plan or program implementation. |
• Conduct assessment • Policy analysis • Qualitative and quantitative data collection • Impact analysis • Setting priorities among impacts • Recommendations developed • Profiling • Process evaluation |
|
Reporting | Stage C—Preparing the environmental report | Report on health impacts and policy options |
Stage D—Consultation and decision-making Responsible authorities will |
||
Recommendations |
• Consult on the draft plan or programme and the environmental report. • Assess significant changes. |
|
Monitoring and evaluation |
Stage E—Monitoring implementation of the plan or program
• Developing aims of and methods for monitoring. |
• Monitoring • Impact and outcome evaluation |
Abbreviations: EPHIA, European policy health impact assessment; and SEA, strategic environmental assessment.
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