Workshop Summary
Deepali M. Patel, Melissa A. Simon,
and Rachel M. Taylor, Rapporteurs
Forum on Global Violence Prevention
Board on Global Health
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE AND
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
This study was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and the Department of Health and Human Services: Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Administration on Community Living, Office on Women’s Health; Anheuser-Busch InBev; the Avon Foundation for Women; BD (Becton, Dickinson and Company); Catholic Health Initiatives; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; the Department of Education: Office of Safe and Healthy Students; the Department of Justice: National Institute of Justice; Eli Lilly and Company; the F. Felix Foundation; the Fetzer Institute; the Foundation to Promote Open Society; the Joyce Foundation; Kaiser Permanente; the National Institutes of Health: National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Office of Research on Women’s Health, John E. Fogarty International Center; the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. The views presented in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
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Suggested citation: IOM (Institute of Medicine) and NRC (National Research Council). 2013. Contagion of violence: Workshop summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE FOR WORKSHOP ON THE CONTAGION OF VIOLENCE1
L. ROWELL HUESMANN (Chair), Amos N. Tversky Collegiate Professor of Psychology and Communication Studies; Director, Research Center for Group Dynamics, Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan
JACQUELYN C. CAMPBELL, Anna D. Wolf Chair and Professor, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing
BRIAN W. FLYNN, Adjunct Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Associate Director, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine
GARY SLUTKIN, Executive Director, Cure Violence (formerly CeaseFire); Professor of Epidemiology and International Health, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health
EVELYN TOMASZEWSKI, Senior Policy Advisor, Human Rights and International Affairs, National Association of Social Workers
CHARLOTTE WATTS, Professor in Social and Mathematical Epidemiology; Founding Director, Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
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1 Institute of Medicine planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.
FORUM ON GLOBAL VIOLENCE PREVENTION1
JACQUELYN C. CAMPBELL (Co-Chair), Anna D. Wolf Chair and Professor, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing
MARK L. ROSENBERG (Co-Chair), President and Chief Executive Officer, The Task Force for Global Health
ALBERT J. ALLEN, Senior Medical Fellow, Bioethics and Pediatric Capabilities, Global Medical Affairs and Development Center of Excellence, Eli Lilly and Company
CLARE ANDERSON, Deputy Commissioner, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Department of Health and Human Services
FRANCES ASHE-GOINS, Deputy Director, Office on Women’s Health, Department of Health and Human Services
KATRINA BAUM, Senior Research Officer, Office of Research Partnerships, National Institute of Justice, Department of Justice
SUSAN BISSELL, Associate Director, Child Protection Section, United Nations Children’s Fund
ARTURO CERVANTES TREJO, General Director of Health Promotion for Mexico, Federal Ministry of Health, Mexico
XINQI DONG, Associate Director, Rush Institute for Healthy Aging; Associate Professor of Medicine, Behavioral Sciences, and Gerontological Nursing, Rush University Medical Center
AMIE GIANINO, Senior Global Director, Beer & Better World, Anheuser-Busch InBev
KATHY GREENLEE, Administrator, Administration on Community Living; Assistant Secretary for Aging, Administration on Aging, Department of Health and Human Services
RODRIGO V. GUERRERO, Mayor, Cali, Colombia
JOHN HAYES, Executive Director, National Network of Depression Centers
DAVID HEMENWAY, Director, Injury Control Research Center and the Youth Violence Prevention Center, Harvard University School of Public Health
FRANCES HENRY, Advisor, F. Felix Foundation
LARKE NAHME HUANG, Senior Advisor, Office of the Administrator, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Department of Health and Human Services
_______________
1 Institute of Medicine Forums and Roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for the published workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.
L. ROWELL HUESMANN, Amos N. Tversky Collegiate Professor of Psychology and Communication Studies; Director, Research Center for Group Dynamics, Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan
PAUL KESNER, Director, Safe and Supportive Schools Program, Office of Safe and Healthy Students, Department of Education
CAROL M. KURZIG, President, Avon Foundation for Women
JACQUELINE LLOYD, Health Scientist Administrator, Prevention Research Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse
BRIGID McCAW, Medical Director, NCal Family Violence Prevention Program, Kaiser Permanente
JAMES A. MERCY, Special Advisor for Strategic Directions, Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
MARGARET M. MURRAY, Director, Global Alcohol Research Program, National Institute for Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health
MICHAEL PHILLIPS, Director, Suicide Research and Prevention Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
COLLEEN SCANLON, Senior Vice President, Advocacy, Catholic Health Initiatives
KRISTIN SCHUBERT, Interim Team Director, Public Health and Program Officer, Vulnerable Populations, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
EVELYN TOMASZEWSKI, Senior Policy Advisor, Human Rights and International Affairs, National Association of Social Workers
ELIZABETH WARD, Chair, Violence Prevention Alliance, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus
IOM Staff
DEEPALI M. PATEL, Program Officer
RACHEL M. TAYLOR, Research Associate
MEGAN M. PEREZ, Senior Program Assistant
KATHERINE M. BLAKESLEE, Global Program Advisor
ALICIA DAVIS, Intern
MELISSA A. SIMON, Institute of Medicine Anniversary Fellow
JULIE WILTSHIRE, Financial Officer
PATRICK W. KELLEY, Director, Board on Global Health
This workshop summary has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published workshop summary as sound as possible and to ensure that the workshop summary meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this workshop summary:
DAVID ADDISS, Director, Children Without Worms, The Task Force for Global Health
BRIAN W. FLYNN, Adjunct Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Associate Director, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine
VALERIE MAHOLMES, Director, Child and Family Processes/Child Maltreatment & Violence Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health
ZOE MENTEL, Policy Analyst, U.S. Department of Justice
EVELYN TOMASZEWSKI, Senior Policy Advisor, Human Rights and International Affairs, National Association of Social Workers
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the workshop summary before its release. The review of this workshop summary was overseen by Dyanne D. Affonso, Director, Research Infrastructure, Office of Vice President of Research, University of Hawaii System. Appointed by the Institute of Medicine, she was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this workshop summary was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this workshop summary rests entirely with the authors and the institution.
The Forum on Global Violence Prevention was established to develop multisectoral collaboration among stakeholders. Violence prevention is a crossdisciplinary field that could benefit from increased dialogue among researchers, policy makers, funders, and practitioners. As awareness of the insidious and pervasive nature of violence grows, so too does the imperative to mitigate and prevent it. The Forum seeks to illuminate and explore evidence-based approaches to the prevention of violence.
A number of individuals contributed to the development of this workshop and summary. These include a number of staff members from the Institute of Medicine and the National Academies: Pamela Bertelson, Daniel Bethea, Leigh Carroll, Marton Cavani, Angela Christian, Alicia Davis, Laura Harbold DeStefano, Pablo Flores, Meg Ginivan, Sandra Jones, Wendy Keenan, Patrick Kelley, Eileen Milner, Jose Portillo, Patsy Powell, Samantha Robotham, Julie Wiltshire, and Sarah Ziegenhorn. The Forum staff, including Deepali Patel, Megan Perez, and Rachel Taylor, also put forth considerable effort to ensure this workshop’s success.
The planning committee contributed several hours of service to develop and execute the agenda, with the guidance of Forum membership. Reviewers also provided thoughtful remarks in reading the draft manuscript. Finally, these efforts would not be possible without the work of the Forum membership itself, an esteemed body of individuals dedicated to the concept that violence is preventable.
The overall successful functioning of the Forum and its activities depends on the generosity of its sponsors. Financial support for the Forum on
Global Violence Prevention is provided by the Department of Health and Human Services: Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Administration on Community Living, Office on Women’s Health; Anheuser-Busch InBev; the Avon Foundation for Women; BD (Becton, Dickinson and Company); Catholic Health Initiatives; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; the Department of Education: Office of Safe and Healthy Students; the Department of Justice: National Institute of Justice; Eli Lilly and Company; the F. Felix Foundation; the Fetzer Foundation; the Foundation to Promote Open Society; the Joyce Foundation; Kaiser Permanente; the National Institutes of Health: National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Office of Research on Women’s Health, John E. Fogarty International Center; the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
2 Patterns of Transmission of Violence
3 Processes and Mechanisms of the Contagion of Violence
4 The Role of Contextual Factors in the Contagion of Violence
5 Contagion and Interruption in Practice
PART II: PAPERS AND COMMENTARY FROM SPEAKERS
II.1 Violence: Contagion, Group Marginalization, and Resilience or Protective Factors
II.2 School-Based Violence and Interruption
II.5 The Potential Role of Mirror Neurons in the Contagion of Violence
Eleanor Taylor-Nicholson and Barry Krisberg
II.7 Native Aspirations: Addressing the Contagion of Violence in the Context of Historical Trauma
Iris PrettyPaint and Corinne Taylor
II.8 Contagion of Violence Against Refugee Women in Migration and Displacement