National Academies Press: OpenBook

U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health (2013)

Chapter: Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Appendix A

Recommendations of the
National Prevention Council and
Evidence Cited in Its Report

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
HEALTHY AND SAFE COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENTS
Improve quality of air, land, and water.

•   HP: Reduce exposure to selected environmental chemicals in the population, as measured by blood and urine concentrations of the substances or their metabolites. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=12

•   HP: Improve quality, utility, awareness, and use of existing information systems for environmental health. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=12

•   HP: Increase the number of states, territories, tribes, and the District of Columbia that monitor diseases or conditions that can be caused by exposure to environmental hazards. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=12

Design and promote affordable, accessible, safe, and healthy housing.

•   HP: Reduce indoor allergen levels. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=12

•   HP: Increase the number of homes with an operating radon mitigation system for persons living in homes at risk for radon exposure. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=12

•   HP: Increase the percentage of new single family homes (SFHs) constructed with radon-reducing features, especially in high-radon-potential areas. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=12

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
HEALTHY AND SAFE COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENTS
 

•   HP: Increase the percentage of new single family homes (SFHs) constructed with radon-reducing features, especially in high-radon-potential areas. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=12

•   HP: Reduce the number of U.S. homes that are found to have lead-based paint or related hazards. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=12

•   HP: Reduce the proportion of occupied housing units that have moderate or severe physical problems. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=12

Strengthen state, tribal, local, and territorial public health departments to provide essential services.

•   HP: Increase the proportion of tribal and state public health agencies that provide or assure comprehensive laboratory services to support essential public health services. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=35

•   HP: Increase the proportion of tribal, state, and local public health agencies that provide or assure comprehensive epidemiology services to support essential public health services. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=35

•   IOM: The committee finds that the core functions of public health agencies at all levels of government are assessment, policy development, and assurance. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10548&page=411

Integrate health criteria into decision making, where appropriate, across multiple sectors.

•   HP: Reduce the number of new schools sited within 500 feet of an interstate or federal or state highway. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=12

Enhance cross-sector collaboration in community planning and design to promote health and safety.

•   IOM: Private and public purchasers, health care organizations, clinicians, and patients should work together to redesign health care. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10027&page=8

Expand and increase access to information technology and integrated data systems to promote cross-sector information exchange.

•   HP: Increase the number of states that record vital events using the latest U.S. standard certificates and report. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=35

•   HP: Increase the proportion of quality, health-related websites. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=18

•   HP: Increase the proportion of online health information -seekers who report easily accessing health information. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=18

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
 

•   HP: Increase the proportion of medical practices that use -electronic health records. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=18

Identify and implement strategies that are proven to work and conduct research where evidence is lacking.

•   IOM: Making evidence the foundation of decision making and the measure of success. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10548&page=4

Maintain a skilled, cross-trained, and diverse prevention workforce.

•   IOM: Greater emphasis in public health curricula should be placed on managerial and leadership skills, such as the ability to communicate important agency values to employees and enlist their commitment; to sense and deal with important changes in the environment; to plan, mobilize, and use resources effectively; and to relate the operation of the agency to its larger community role. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10548&page=418

•   IOM: Schools of public health should strengthen their response to the needs for qualified personnel for important, but often neglected aspects of public health such as the health of minority groups and international health. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10548&page=418

•   IOM: Schools of public health should encourage and assist other institutions to prepare appropriate, qualified public health personnel for positions in the field. When educational institutions other than schools of public health undertake to train personnel for work in the field, careful attention to the scope and capacity of the educational program is essential. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10548&page=418

CLINICAL AND COMMUNITY PREVENTIVE SERVICES
Support the National Quality Strategy’s focus on improving cardiovascular health.

•   CG: Increasing Tobacco Use Cessation: Provider Reminders When Used Alone. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/tobacco/cessation/providerreminders.html

•   CG: Increasing Tobacco Use Cessation: Provider Reminders with Provider Education. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/tobacco/cessation/providerreminderedu.html

•   CG: Increasing Tobacco Use Cessation: Reducing Client Out-of-Pocket Costs for Cessation Therapies. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/tobacco/cessation/outofpocketcosts.html

•   USPSTF: Recommends that clinicians ask all adults about -tobacco use and provide tobacco cessation interventions for those who use tobacco products. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspstbac2.htm

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
CLINICAL AND COMMUNITY PREVENTIVE SERVICES
 

•   USPSTF: Recommends that clinicians ask all pregnant women about tobacco use and provide augmented, pregnancy-tailored counseling for those who smoke. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspstbac2.htm

•   USPSTF: Recommends the use of aspirin for men aged 45 to 79 when the potential benefit due to a reduction in myocardial infarctions outweighs the potential harm due to an increase in gastrointestinal hemorrhage. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsasmi.htm

•   USPSTF: Recommends the use of aspirin for women aged 55 to 79 when the potential benefit of a reduction in ischemic strokes outweighs the potential harm of an increase in gastrointestinal hemorrhage. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsasmi.htm

•   USPSTF: Recommends screening for high blood pressure in adults age 18 and older. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspshype.htm

•   USPSTF: Strongly recommends screening men age 35 and older for lipid disorders. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspschol.htm

•   USPSTF: Recommends screening men aged 20 to 35 for lipid disorders if they are at increased risk for coronary heart disease. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspschol.htm

•   USPSTF: Strongly recommends screening women age 45 and older for lipid disorders if they are at increased risk for coronary heart disease. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspschol.htm

•   USPSTF: Recommends screening women aged 20 to 45 for lipid disorders if they are at increased risk for coronary heart disease. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspschol.htm

•   USPSTF: Recommends that clinicians ask all adults about tobacco use and provide tobacco cessation interventions for those who use tobacco products. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspstbac2.htm

•   USPSTF: Recommends that clinicians ask all pregnant women about tobacco use and provide augmented, pregnancy-tailored counseling for those who smoke. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspstbac2.htm

•   HP: Increase the proportion of adults who have had their blood pressure measured within the preceding 2 years and can state whether their blood pressure was normal or high. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=21

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
 

•   HP: Increase the proportion of adults who have had their blood cholesterol checked within the preceding 5 years. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=21

•   HP: Increase the proportion of adults with hypertension who are taking the prescribed medications to lower their blood pressure. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=21

•   HP: Increase the proportion of adults with hypertension whose blood pressure is under control. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=21

•   HP: Increase smoking cessation attempts by adult smokers. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=41

•   HP: Increase recent smoking cessation success by adult smokers. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=41

•   HP: Increase tobacco cessation counseling in health care settings. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=41

Use payment and reimbursement mechanisms to encourage delivery of clinical preventive services.

•   IOM: That purchasers, regulators, health professions, educational institutions, and the Department of Health and Human Services create an environment that fosters and rewards improvement by (1) creating an infrastructure to support evidence-based practice, (2) facilitating the use of information technology, (3) aligning payment incentives, and (4) preparing the workforce to better serve patients in a world of expanding knowledge and rapid change. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10027&page=5

Expand use of interoperable health information technology.

•   HP: Increase the proportion of persons who use electronic personal health management tools. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=18

•   HP: Increase the proportion of quality, health-related websites. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=18

•   HP: Increase the proportion of medical practices that use -electronic health records. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=18

Support implementation of community-based preventive services and enhance linkages with clinical care.

•   USPSTF: Integrating Evidence-Based Clinical and Community Strategies to Improve Health. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf07/methods/tfmethods.htm

•   IOM: Clinicians and patients, and the health care organizations that support care delivery, adopt a new set of principles to guide the redesign of care processes. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10027&page=5

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
CLINICAL AND COMMUNITY PREVENTIVE SERVICES
Reduce barriers to accessing clinical and community preventive services, especially among populations at greatest risk.

•   HP: Increase the proportion of persons with a usual primary care provider. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=1

•   HP: Increase the proportion of persons who have a specific source of ongoing care. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=1

•   HP: Reduce the proportion of individuals who are unable to obtain or delay in obtaining necessary medical care, dental care, or prescription medicines. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=1

Enhance coordination and integration of clinical, behavioral, and complementary health strategies.

•   HP: Increase the proportion of persons who use electronic personal health management tools. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=18

•   HP: Increase the proportion of quality, health-related websites. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=18

•   HP: Increase the proportion of medical practices that use electronic health records. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=18

•   IOM: All health care organizations, professional groups, and private and public purchasers should pursue six major aims; specifically, health care should be safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10027&page=6

•   IOM: Private and public purchasers, health care organizations, clinicians, and patients should work together to redesign health care processes. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10027&page=8

EMPOWERED PEOPLE
Provide people with tools and information to make healthy choices.

•   HP: Increase the proportion of elementary, middle, and senior high schools that provide school health education to promote personal health and wellness in the following areas: hand washing or hand hygiene, oral health, growth and development, sun safety and skin cancer prevention, benefits of rest and sleep, ways to prevent vision and hearing loss, and the importance of health screenings and checkups. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=11

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
 

•   HP: Increase the proportion of college and university students who receive information from their institution on each of the priority health risk behavior areas (all priority areas; unintentional injury; violence; suicide; tobacco use and addiction; alcohol and other drug use; unintended pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, and STD infection; unhealthy dietary patterns; and inadequate physical activity). http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=11

Provide people with tools and information to make healthy choices.

•   IOM: Industry should make obesity prevention in children and youth a priority by developing and promoting products, opportunities, and information that will encourage healthful eating behaviors and regular physical activity. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11015&page=8

•   IOM: Nutrition labeling should be clear and useful so that parents and youth can make informed product comparisons and decisions to achieve and maintain energy balance at a healthy weight. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11015&page=8

Promote positive social interactions and support healthy decision making.

•   HP: Increase the proportion of the nation’s elementary, middle, and high schools that have official school policies and engage in practices that promote a healthy and safe physical school environment. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=12

•   IOM: Schools should provide a consistent environment that is conducive to healthful eating behaviors and regular physical activity. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11015&page=13

•   IOM: Parents should promote healthful eating behaviors and regular physical activity for their children. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11015&page=15

•   IOM: Local governments, private developers, and community groups should expand opportunities for physical activity including recreational facilities, parks, playgrounds, sidewalks, bike paths, routes for walking or bicycling to school, and safe streets and neighborhoods, especially for populations at high risk of childhood obesity. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11015&page=11

Engage and empower people and communities to plan and implement prevention policies and programs.

•   HP: Increase the proportion of elementary, middle, and senior high schools that have health education goals or objectives that address the knowledge and skills articulated in the National Health Education Standards (high school, middle, elementary). http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=11

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
EMPOWERED PEOPLE
 

•   HP: Increase the proportion of the nation’s public and private schools that require daily physical education for all students. http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=33

•   IOM: Local governments, public health agencies, schools, and community organizations should collaboratively develop and promote programs that encourage healthful eating behaviors and regular physical activity, particularly for populations at high risk of childhood obesity. Community coalitions should be formed to facilitate and promote cross-cutting programs and community-wide efforts. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11015&page=10

Engage and empower people and communities to plan and implement prevention policies and programs.

•   IOM: Industry should develop and strictly adhere to marketing and advertising guidelines that minimize the risk of obesity in children and youth. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11015&page=9

Improve education and employment opportunities.

•   HP: Eliminate very low food security among children. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=29

•   HP: Reduce household food insecurity, and in doing so, reduce hunger. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=29

•   IOM: Health professions educational institutions (HPEIs) governing bodies should develop institutional objectives consistent with community benefit principles that support the goal of increasing health care workforce diversity including, but not limited to, efforts to ease financial and nonfinancial obstacles to URM participation, increase involvement of diverse local stakeholders in key decision-making processes, and undertake initiatives that are responsive to local, regional, and societal imperatives. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10885&page=17

ELIMINATION OF HEALTH DISPARITIES
Ensure a strategic focus on communities at greatest risk.

•   HP: Increase the number of community-based organizations (including local health departments, tribal health services, nongovernmental organizations, and state agencies) providing population-based primary prevention services in the following areas: injury, violence, mental illness, tobacco use, substance abuse, unintended pregnancy, chronic disease programs, nutrition, and physical activity. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=11

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
 

•   IOM: Private and public (e.g., federal, state, and local governments) entities should convene major community benefit stakeholders (e.g., community advocates, academic institutions, health care providers), to inform them about community benefit standards and to build awareness that placing a priority on diversity and cultural competency programs is a societal expectation of all institutions that receive any form of public funding. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10885&page=17

Reduce disparities in access to quality health care.

•   USPSTF: To continue the improvement in the health of the people in the United States, we need to use the complete array of effective prevention tools at our disposal, increase their effectiveness and utilization by connecting them where possible, and systematically apply them at all levels of influence on behavior. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf07/methods/tfmethods.htm

•   HP: Increase individuals’ access to the Internet. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=18

•   IOM: All health care organizations, professional groups, and private and public purchasers should pursue six major aims; specifically, health care should be safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10027&page=6

•   IOM: HPEIs should be encouraged to affiliate with community-based health care facilities in order to attract and train a more diverse and culturally competent workforce and to increase access to health care. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10885&page=15

Increase the capacity of the prevention workforce to identify and address disparities.

•   IOM: Health professions education accreditation bodies should develop explicit policies articulating the value and importance of providing culturally competent health care and the role it sees for racial and ethnic diversity among health professionals in achieving this goal. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10885&page=12

•   IOM: Health professions education accreditation bodies should develop standards and criteria that more effectively encourage health professions schools to recruit URM students and faculty, to develop cultural competence curricula, and to develop an institutional climate that encourages and sustains the development of a critical mass of diversity. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10885&page=12

•   IOM: Private entities should be encouraged to collaborate through business partnerships and other entrepreneurial relationships with HPEIs to support the common goal of developing a more diverse health care workforce. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10885&page=12

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
ELIMINATION OF HEALTH DISPARITIES
Support research to identify effective strategies to eliminate health disparities.

•   IOM: Additional data collection and research are needed to more thoroughly characterize URM participation in the health professions and in health professions education and to further assess the benefits of diversity among health professionals, particularly with regard to the potential economic benefits of diversity. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10885&page=18

Standardize and collect data to better identify and address disparities.

•   IOM: Collect data on granular ethnicity using categories that are applicable to the populations it serves or studies. Categories should be selected from a national standard on the basis of health and health care quality issues, evidence or likelihood of disparities, or size of subgroups within the population. The selection of categories should also be informed by analysis of relevant data (e.g., Census data) on the service or study population. In addition, an open-ended option of “Other, please specify:—” should be provided for persons whose granular ethnicity is not listed as a response option. http://www.ahrq.gov/research/iomracereport/reldatasum.htm.

 

•   IOM: Pursue studies on different ways of framing the questions and related response categories for collecting race and ethnicity data at the level of the OMB categories, focusing on completeness and accuracy of response among all groups. http://www.ahrq.gov/research/iomracereport/reldatasum.htm

TOBACCO-FREE LIVING
Support comprehensive tobacco-free policies and other evidence-based tobacco control policies.

•   CG: Reducing Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Smoking Bans and Restrictions. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/tobacco/environmental/smokingbans.html

•   CG: Decreasing Tobacco Use Among Workers: Smoke-Free Policies to Reduce Tobacco Use. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/tobacco/worksite/smokefreepolicies.html

•   HP: Reduce the proportion of nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=41

•   HP: Increase the proportion of persons covered by indoor work-site policies that prohibit smoking.http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=41

•   HP: Increase tobacco-free environments in schools, including all school facilities, property, vehicles, and school events. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=41

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
Support full implementation of the 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (Tobacco Control Act).

•   CG: Restricting Minors’ Access to Tobacco Products: Community Mobilization with Additional Interventions. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/tobacco/restrictingaccess/communityinterventions.html

•   HP: Reduce tobacco use by adolescents. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=41

•   HP: Reduce the initiation of tobacco use among children, adolescents, and young adults. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=41

•   HP: Reduce the proportion of adolescents and young adults in grades 6-12 who are exposed to tobacco advertising and promotion. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=41

•   HP: Reduce the illegal sales rate to minors through enforcement of laws prohibiting the sale of tobacco products to minors. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=41

Expand use of tobacco cessation services.

•   CG: Decreasing Tobacco Use Among Workers: Incentives & Competitions When Combined with Additional Interventions. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/tobacco/worksite/incentives.html

•   CG: Increasing Tobacco Use Cessation: Provider Reminders When Used Alone. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/tobacco/cessation/providerreminders.html

•   CG: Increasing Tobacco Use Cessation: Provider Reminders with Provider Education. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/tobacco/cessation/providerreminderedu.html

•   CG: Increasing Tobacco Use Cessation: Reducing Client Out-of-Pocket Costs for Cessation Therapies.http://www.thecommunityguide.org/tobacco/cessation/outofpocketcosts.html

•   CG: Increasing Tobacco Use Cessation: Multicomponent Interventions That Include Telephone Support. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/tobacco/cessation/multicomponentinterventions.html

•   USPSTF: Clinicians ask all adults about tobacco use and provide tobacco cessation interventions for those who use tobacco products. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspstbac2.htm

•   HP: Increase smoking cessation attempts by adult smokers. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=41

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
TOBACCO-FREE LIVING
 

•   HP: Increase recent smoking cessation success by adult smokers. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=41

•   HP: Increase smoking cessation during pregnancy. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=41

•   HP: Increase smoking cessation attempts by adolescent smokers. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=41

•   HP: Increase tobacco screening in health care settings. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=41

•   HP: Increase tobacco cessation counseling in health care settings. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=41

Use media to educate and encourage people to live tobacco free.

•   CG: Reducing Tobacco Use Initiation: Mass Media Campaigns When Combined with Other Interventions. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/tobacco/initiation/massmediaeducation.html

•   HP: Reduce the proportion of adolescents and young adults in grades 6-12 who are exposed to tobacco advertising and promotion. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=41

•   IOM: A national, youth-oriented media campaign should be funded as a permanent component of the nation’s strategy to reduce tobacco use. State and community tobacco control programs should supplement the national media campaign with coordinated youth prevention activities. The campaign should be implemented by an established public health organization with funds provided by the federal government, public-private partnerships, or the tobacco industry (voluntarily or under litigation settlement agreements or court orders) for media development, testing, and purchases of advertising time and space. Institute of Medicine. Ending the Tobacco Problem: A Blueprint for the Nation. http://books.nap.edu/catalog/11795.html

PREVENTING DRUG ABUSE AND EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL USE
Support state, tribal, local, and territorial implementation and enforcement of alcohol control policies.

•   CG: Preventing Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Enhanced Enforcement of Laws Prohibiting Sales to Minors. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/alcohol/lawsprohibitingsales.html

•   CG: Reducing Alcohol-Impaired Driving: Maintaining Current Minimum Legal Drinking Age (MLDA) Laws. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/mvoi/AID/mlda-laws.html

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
 

•   CG: Reducing Alcohol-Impaired Driving: School-Based Programs. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/mvoi/AID/school-based.html

•   IOM: States should strengthen their compliance check programs in retail outlets using media campaigns and license revocation to increase deterrence. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10729&page=6

•   IOM: States should require all sellers and servers of alcohol to complete state-approved training as a condition of employment. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10729&page=7

•   IOM: States and localities should implement enforcement programs to deter adults from purchasing alcohol for minors. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10729&page=7

•   IOM: States and communities should establish and implement a system requiring registration of beer kegs that records information on the identity of purchasers. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10729&page=8

•   IOM: States should facilitate enforcement of zero-tolerance laws in order to increase their deterrent effect. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10729&page=8

•   IOM: States and localities should routinely implement sobriety checkpoints. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10729&page=8

•   IOM: Local police, working with community leaders, should adopt and announce policies for detecting and terminating underage drinking parties. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10729&page=8

•   IOM: States should strengthen efforts to prevent and detect use of false identification by minors to make alcohol purchases. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10729&page=8

•   IOM: States should establish administrative procedures and noncriminal penalties, such as fines or community service, for alcohol infractions by minors. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10729&page=9

Create environments that empower young people not to drink or use other drugs.

•   CG: Adolescent Health: Person-to-Person Interventions to Improve Caregivers’ Parenting Skills.http://www.thecommunityguide.org/adolescenthealth/PersonToPerson.html

•   HP: Reduce the proportion of adolescents who report that they rode, during the past 30 days, with a driver who had been drinking alcohol. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=40

•   HP: Increase the proportion of adolescents never using substances. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=40

•   HP: Increase the proportion of adolescents who disapprove of substance abuse.http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=40

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
PREVENTING DRUG ABUSE AND EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL USE
 

•   HP: Increase the proportion of adolescents who perceive great risk associated with substance abuse. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=40

•   HP: Reduce past-month use of illicit substances. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=40

•   HP: Reduce the proportion of persons engaging in binge drinking of alcoholic beverages. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=40

•   HP: Reduce the proportion of adolescents who have been offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=2

Create environments that empower young people not to drink or use other drugs.

•   IOM: Alcohol companies, advertising companies, and commercial media should refrain from marketing practices (including product design, advertising, and promotional techniques) that have substantial underage appeal and should take reasonable precautions in the time, place, and manner of placement and promotion to reduce youthful exposure to other alcohol advertising and marketing activity. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10729&page=4

•   IOM: The alcohol industry trade associations, as well as individual companies, should strengthen their advertising codes to preclude placement of commercial messages in venues where a significant proportion of the expected audience is underage, to prohibit the use of commercial messages that have substantial underage appeal, and to establish independent external review boards to investigate complaints and enforce the codes. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10729&page=4

•   IOM: The entertainment industries should use rating systems and marketing codes to reduce the likelihood that underage audiences will be exposed to movies, recordings, or television programs with unsuitable alcohol content, even if adults are expected to predominate in the viewing or listening audiences. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10729&page=5

•   IOM: The film rating board of the Motion Picture Association of America should consider alcohol content in rating films, avoiding G or PG ratings for films with unsuitable alcohol content, and assigning mature ratings for films that portray underage drinking in a favorable light. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10729&page=5

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
 

•   IOM: The music recording industry should not market recordings that promote or glamorize alcohol use to young people; should include alcohol content in a comprehensive rating system, similar to those used by the television, film, and video game industries; and should establish an independent body to assign ratings and oversee the industry code. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10729&page=5

•   IOM: Television broadcasters and producers should take appropriate precautions to ensure that programs do not portray underage drinking in a favorable light, and that unsuitable alcohol content is included in the category of mature content for purposes of parental warnings. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10729&page=5

•   Cochrane: Social norms interventions to reduce alcohol misuse in university and college students. http://www2.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab006748.html

Identify alcohol and other drug abuse disorders early and provide brief intervention, referral, and treatment.

•   USPSTF: Recommends screening and behavioral counseling interventions to reduce alcohol misuse by adults, including pregnant women, in primary care settings. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening and Behavioral Counseling Interventions in Primary Care to Reduce Alcohol Misuse: Recommendation Statement. April 2004. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/3rduspstf/alcohol/alcomisrs.htm

•   HP: Increase the number of admissions to substance abuse treatment for injection drug use. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=40

•   HP: Increase the proportion of persons who need alcohol and/or illicit drug treatment and received specialty treatment for abuse or dependence in the past year. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=40

•   HP: Increase the number of Level I and Level II trauma centers and primary care settings that implement evidence-based alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention (SBI). http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=40

•   IOM: Residential colleges and universities should adopt comprehensive prevention approaches, including evidence-based screening, brief intervention strategies, consistent policy enforcement, and environmental changes that limit underage access to alcohol. They should use universal education interventions, as well as selective and indicated approaches with relevant populations. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10729&page=9

Reduce inappropriate access to and use of prescription drugs.

•   HP: Reduce the past-year nonmedical use of prescription drugs. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=40

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
HEALTHY EATING
Increase access to healthy and affordable foods in communities.

•   HP: (Developmental) Increase the proportion of Americans who have access to a food retail outlet that sells a variety of foods that are encouraged by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=29

•   HP: Increase the proportion of schools that offer nutritious foods and beverages outside of school meals. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=29

Implement organizational and programmatic nutrition standards and policies.

•   HP: Increase the proportion of schools that offer nutritious foods and beverages outside of school meals. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=29

Improve nutritional quality of the food supply.

•   HP: Increase the contribution of fruits to the diets of the population age 2 and older. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=29

•   HP: Increase the variety and contribution of vegetables to the diets of the population age 2 and older. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=29

•   HP: Increase the contribution of whole grains to the diets of the population age 2 and older. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=29

•   HP: Reduce consumption of calories from solid fats and added sugars in the population age 2 and older. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=29

•   HP: Reduce consumption of saturated fat in the population age 2 and older. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=29

•   HP: Reduce consumption of sodium in the population age 2 and older. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=29

•   HP: Increase consumption of calcium in the population age 2 and older. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=29

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
Help people recognize and make healthy food and beverage choices.

•   IOM: Food and beverage companies should use their creativity, resources, and full range of marketing practices to promote and support more healthful diets for children and youth. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11514&page=382

•   IOM: Full-serve restaurant chains, family restaurants, and quick-serve restaurants should use their creativity, resources, and full range of marketing practices to promote healthful meals for children and youth. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11514&page=382

Support policies and programs that promote breastfeeding.

•   HP: Increase the proportion of infants who are breastfed. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=26

•   HP: Increase the proportion of employers that have work-site lactation support programs. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=26

•   HP: Reduce the proportion of breastfed newborns who receive formula supplementation within the first 2 days of life. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=26

•   HP: Increase the proportion of live births that occur in facilities that provide recommended care for lactating mothers and their babies. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=26

•   Cochrane: Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD003517/frame.html

Enhance food safety.

•   HP: Reduce infections caused by key pathogens transmitted commonly through food. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=14

•   HP: Reduce the number of outbreak-associated infections due to Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157, or Campylobacter, Listeria, or Salmonella species associated with food commodity groups. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=14

•   HP: Prevent an increase in the proportion of nontyphoidal Salmonella and Campylobacter jejuni isolates from humans that are resistant to antimicrobial drugs. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=14

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
HEALTHY EATING
 

•   HP: Reduce severe allergic reactions to food among adults with a food allergy diagnosis. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=14

•   HP: Increase the proportion of consumers who follow key food safety practices. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=14

•   IOM: Integrating Food Safety Programs and Educating the Public. http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2010/Enhancing-Food-Safety-The-Role-of-the-Food-and-Drug-Administration.aspx

•   IOM: Enhancing the Efficiency of Inspections. http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2010/Enhancing-Food-Safety-The-Role-of-the-Food-and-Drug-Administration.aspx

ACTIVE LIVING
Encourage community design and development that supports physical activity.

•   CG: Environmental and Policy Approaches to Increase Physical Activity: Community-Scale Urban Design Land Use Policies. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/pa/environmental-policy/communitypolicies.html

•   CG: Environmental and Policy Approaches to Increase Physical Activity: Street-Scale Urban Design Land Use Policies. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/pa/environmental-policy/streetscale.html

•   CG: (Expanding Evidence) Environmental and Policy Approaches to Increase Physical Activity: Transportation and Travel Policies and Practices. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/pa/environmental-policy/travelpolicies.html

•   CG: (Expanding Evidence) The available studies do not provide sufficient evidence to determine if the intervention is, or is not, effective. This lack of evidence does NOT mean that the intervention does not work, but that additional research is needed to determine whether the intervention is effective. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/about/methods.html

•   HP: (Developmental) Increase legislative policies for the built environment that enhance access to and availability of physical activity opportunities. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=33

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
Promote and strengthen school and early learning policies and programs that increase physical activity.

•   CG: Behavioral and Social Approaches to Increase Physical Activity: Enhanced School-Based Physical Education. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/pa/behavioral-social/schoolbased-pe.html

•   HP: Increase the proportion of the nation’s public and private schools that require daily physical education for all students. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=33

•   HP: Increase the proportion of adolescents who participate in daily school physical education. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=33

•   HP: Increase regularly scheduled elementary school recess in the United States. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=33

•   HP: Increase the proportion of school districts that require or recommend elementary school recess for an appropriate period of time. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=33

•   HP: Increase the number of states with licensing regulations for physical activity provided in child care. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=33

Facilitate access to safe, accessible, and affordable places for physical activity.

•   CG: Environmental and Policy Approaches to Increase Physical Activity: Creation of or Enhanced Access to Places for Physical Activity Combined with Informational Outreach Activities. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/pa/environmental-policy/improvingaccess.html

•   HP: Reduce the proportion of adults who engage in no leisure-time physical activity. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=33

•   HP: Increase the proportion of the nation’s public and private schools that provide access to their physical activity spaces and facilities for all persons outside of normal school hours (that is, before and after the school day, on weekends, and during summer and other vacations). http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=33

•   IOM: Those responsible for modifications or additions to the built environment should facilitate access to, enhance the attractiveness of, and ensure the safety and security of places where people can be physically active. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11203&page=14

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
ACTIVE LIVING
Support workplace policies and programs that increase physical activity.

•   CG: Environmental and Policy Approaches to Increase Physical Activity: Point-of-Decision Prompts to Encourage Use of Stairs. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/pa/environmental-policy/podp.html

•   CG: Behavioral and Social Approaches to Increase Physical Activity: Social Support Interventions in Community Settings. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/pa/behavioral-social/community.html

Assess physical activity levels and provide education, counseling, and referrals.

•   CG: Behavioral and Social Approaches to Increase Physical Activity: Individually-Adapted Health Behavior Change Programs. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/pa/behavioral-social/individuallyadapted.html

•   HP: Increase the proportion of physician office visits that include counseling or education related to physical activity. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=33

•   Cochrane: Interventions for promoting physical activity. http://www2.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab003180.html

INJURY AND VIOLENCE-FREE LIVING
Implement and strengthen policies and programs to enhance transportation safety.

•   CG: Use of Child Safety Seats: Community-Wide Information and Enhanced Enforcement Campaigns. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/mvoi/childsafetyseats/community.html

•   CG: Use of Child Safety Seats: Distribution and Education Programs. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/mvoi/childsafetyseats/distribution.html

•   CG: Use of Child Safety Seats: Incentive and Education Programs. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/mvoi/childsafetyseats/incentives.html

•   CG: Use of Safety Belts: Primary (vs. Secondary) Enforcement Laws. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/mvoi/safetybelts/enforcementlaws.html

•   CG: Use of Safety Belts: Enhanced Enforcement Programs. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/mvoi/safetybelts/enforcementprograms.html

•   CG: Reducing Alcohol-Impaired Driving: Maintaining Current Minimum Legal Drinking Age (MLDA) Laws. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/mvoi/AID/lowerbaclaws.html

•   CG: Reducing Alcohol-Impaired Driving: Sobriety Checkpoints. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/mvoi/AID/sobrietyckpts.html

•   CG: Reducing Alcohol-Impaired Driving: Mass Media -Campaigns. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/mvoi/AID/massmedia.html

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
 

•   CG: Reducing Alcohol-Impaired Driving: Multicomponent Interventions with Community Mobilization. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/mvoi/AID/multicomponent.html

•   CG: Reducing Alcohol-Impaired Driving: Ignition Interlocks. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/mvoi/AID/ignitioninterlocks.html

•   CG: Reducing Alcohol-Impaired Driving: School-Based Instructional Programs. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/mvoi/AID/school-based.html

•   HP: Increase use of safety belts. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=24

•   HP: Increase age-appropriate vehicle restraint system use in children. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=24

•   HP: Increase the proportion of motorcycle operators and -passengers using helmets. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=24

Support community and streetscape design that promotes safety and prevents injuries.

•   CG: Environmental and Policy Approaches to Increase Physical Activity: Street-Scale Urban Design Land Use Policies. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/pa/environmental-policy/streetscale.html

•   CG: Environmental and Policy Approaches to Increase Physical Activity: Community-Scale Urban Design Land Use Policies. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/pa/environmental-policy/communitypolicies.html

•   Cochrane: Interventions for increasing pedestrian and cyclist visibility for the prevention of death and injuries. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD003438/frame.html

Promote and strengthen policies and programs to prevent falls, especially among older adults.

•   HP: Prevent an increase in the rate of fall-related deaths. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=24

•   HP: Reduce the rate of emergency department visits due to falls among older adults. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=31

•   Cochrane: Population-based interventions for the prevention of fall-related injuries in older people. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD004441/frame.html

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
INJURY AND VIOLENCE-FREE LIVING
Promote and enhance policies and programs to increase safety and prevent injury in the workplace.

•   IOM: Develop and Implement Risk-Based Conformity Assessment Processes for Non-Respirator PPT. http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2010/Certifying-Personal-Protective-Technologies-Improving-Worker-Safety.aspx

•   IOM: Enhance Research, Standards Development, and Communication. http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2010/Certifying-Personal-Protective-Technologies-Improving-Worker-Safety.aspx

•   IOM: Establish a PPT and Occupational Safety and Health Surveillance System. http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2010/Certifying-Personal-Protective-Technologies-Improving-Worker-Safety.aspx

Strengthen policies and programs to prevent violence.

•   CG: Early Childhood Home Visitation to Prevent Child Maltreatment. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/violence/home/homevisitation.html

•   CG: Youth Violence Prevention: School-Based Programs to Reduce Violence. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/violence/schoolbasedprograms.html

•   CG: Therapeutic Foster Care to Reduce Violence for Chronically Delinquent Juveniles. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/violence/therapeuticfostercare/index.html

Provide individuals and families with the knowledge, skills, and tools to make safe choices that prevent violence and injuries.

•   HP: Increase the proportion of adolescents who are connected to a parent or other positive adult caregiver. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=2

•   HP: Reduce bullying among adolescents. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=24

•   HP: Reduce children’s exposure to violence. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=24

•   Cochrane: School-based secondary prevention programs for preventing violence. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD004606/frame.html

•   Cochrane: Safety education of pedestrians for injury prevention. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD001531/frame.html

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
REPRODUCTIVE AND SEXUAL HEALTH
Increase utilization of preconception and prenatal care.

•   USPSTF: Recommends that all women planning or capable of pregnancy take a daily supplement containing 0.4 to 0.8 mg (400 to 800 mg) of folic acid. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf09/folicacid/folicacidrs.htm

•   USPSTF: Recommends that clinicians screen all pregnant women for syphilis infection. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspssyphpg.htm

•   HP: Increase the proportion of pregnant women who receive early and adequate prenatal care. http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=26

•   HP: Increase abstinence from alcohol, cigarettes, and illicit drugs among pregnant women. http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=26

•   HP: Increase the proportion of women of childbearing potential with intake of at least 400 mg of folic acid from fortified foods or dietary supplements. http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=26

•   HP: Reduce the proportion of women of childbearing potential who have low red blood cell folate concentrations. http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=26

•   HP: Increase the proportion of women delivering a live birth who received preconception care services and practiced key recommended preconception health behaviors. http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=26

•   CG: Prevention of Birth Defects: Community-Wide Campaigns to Promote the Use of Folic Acid Supplements. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/birthdefects/community.html

•   CG: Interventions to fortify food products with folic acid. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/birthdefects/index.html

•   Cochrane: Smoking cessation interventions in pregnancy reduce the proportion of women who continue to smoke in late pregnancy, and reduce low birthweight and preterm birth. Smoking cessation interventions in pregnancy need to be implemented in all maternity care settings. Given the difficulty many pregnant women addicted to tobacco have quitting during pregnancy, population-based measures to reduce smoking and social inequalities should be supported. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD001055/frame.html

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
REPRODUCTIVE AND SEXUAL HEALTH
Support reproductive and sexual health services and support services for pregnant and parenting women.

•   CG: Prevention of HIV/AIDS, Other STIs and Pregnancy: Interventions to Reduce Sexual Risk Behaviors or Increase Protective Behaviors to Prevent Acquisition of HIV in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM). http://www.thecommunityguide.org/hiv/msm.html

•   USPSTF: Recommends high-intensity behavioral counseling to prevent STIs for all sexually active adolescents and for adults at increased risk for STIs. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsstds.htm

•   HP: Increase the proportion of sexually active persons who received reproductive health services. http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=13

•   HP: Increase the proportion of sexually active persons aged 15 to 19 who use condoms to both effectively prevent pregnancy and provide barrier protection against disease. http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=13

•   HP: Increase the proportion of sexually active persons aged 15 to 19 who use condoms and hormonal or intrauterine contraception to both effectively prevent pregnancy and provide barrier protection against disease. http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=13

•   HP: Increase the proportion of females in need of publicly supported contraceptive services and supplies who receive those services and supplies. http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=13

•   HP: Increase the proportion of sexually active persons who use condoms. http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=22

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
Provide effective sexual health education, especially for adolescents

•   CG: Prevention of HIV/AIDS, Other STIs and Pregnancy: Group-Based Comprehensive Risk Reduction Interventions for Adolescents. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/hiv/riskreduction.html

•   CG: Youth Development Behavioral Interventions Coordinated with Community Service to Reduce Sexual Risk Behaviors in Adolescents. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/hiv/youthdev-community.html

•   HP: Increase the proportion of adolescents who received formal instruction on reproductive health topics before they were 18 years old. http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=13

•   HP: Increase the proportion of adolescents who talked to a parent or guardian about reproductive health topics before they were 18 years old. http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=13

•   HP: Increase the proportion of substance abuse treatment facilities that offer HIV/AIDS education, counseling, and support. http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=22

Enhance early detection of HIV, viral hepatitis and other STIs, and improve linkage to care.

•   CG: Interventions to Identify HIV-Positive People Through Partner Counseling and Referral Services. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/hiv/partnercounseling.html

•   USPSTF: Recommends screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnant women at their first prenatal visit. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspshepbpg.htm

•   USPSTF: Strongly recommends that clinicians screen persons at increased risk for syphilis infection. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspssyph.htm

•   HP: Increase the proportion of sexually active females age 24 and under enrolled in Medicaid plans who are screened for genital Chlamydia infections during the measurement year. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=37

•   HP: Increase the proportion of sexually active females age 24 and under enrolled in commercial health insurance plans who are screened for genital Chlamydia infections during the measurement year. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=37

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
REPRODUCTIVE AND SEXUAL HEALTH
 

•   HP: Increase the proportion of people living with HIV who know their serostatus. http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=22

•   HP: Increase the proportion of adolescents and adults who have been tested for HIV in the past 12 months. http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=22

•   HP: Increase the proportion of adults with tuberculosis (TB) who have been tested for HIV. http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=22

•   IOM: Hepatitis and Liver Cancer: A National Strategy for Prevention and Control of Hepatitis B and C. http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2010/Hepatitis-and-Liver-Cancer-A-National-Strategy-for-Prevention-and-Control-of-Hepatitis-B-and-C.aspx

MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING
Promote positive early childhood development, including positive parenting and violence-free homes.

•   CG: Early Childhood Development Programs: Comprehensive, Center-Based Programs for Children of Low-Income Families. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/social/centerbasedprograms.html

•   CG: Violence Prevention Focused on Children and Youth: Early Childhood Home Visitation. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/violence/home/index.html

•   CG: Violence Prevention Focused on Children and Youth: Reducing Psychological Harm from Traumatic Events. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/violence/traumaticevents/index.html

•   CG: Violence Prevention Focused on Children and Youth: Therapeutic Foster Care. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/violence/therapeuticfostercare/index.html

•   HP: Increase the proportion of parents who use positive parenting and communicate with their doctors or other health care professionals about positive parenting. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=10

•   HP: Increase the proportion of children with disabilities, birth through age 2, who receive early intervention services in home or community-based settings. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=9

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
Facilitate social connectedness and community engagement across the life span.

•   CG: School-Based Programs to Reduce Violence. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/violence/schoolbasedprograms.html

•   HP: Increase the proportion of children and youth with disabilities who spend at least 80 percent of their time in regular education programs. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=9

•   HP: Increase the number of community-based organizations (including local health departments, tribal health services, nongovernmental organizations, and state agencies) providing population-based primary prevention services in the following areas: injury, violence, mental illness, tobacco use, substance abuse, unintended pregnancy, chronic disease programs, nutrition, and physical activity. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=11

Provide individuals and families with the support necessary to maintain positive mental well-being.

•   CG: Adolescent Health: Person-to-Person Interventions to Improve Caregivers’ Parenting Skills. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/adolescenthealth/PersonToPerson.html

•   HP: Increase the proportion of students in grades 9-12 who get sufficient sleep. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=38

•   HP: Increase the proportion of adults who get sufficient sleep. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=38

•   HP: Increase the proportion of elementary, middle, and senior high schools that have health education goals or objectives that address the knowledge and skills articulated in the National Health Education Standards (high school, middle, elementary). http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=11

•   HP: Increase the proportion of college and university students who receive information from their institution on each of the priority health risk behavior areas (all priority areas; unintentional injury; violence; suicide; tobacco use and addiction; alcohol and other drug use; unintended pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, and STD infection; unhealthy dietary patterns; and inadequate physical activity). http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=11

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×

Recommendation        Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions
MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING
 

•   IOM: States and communities should develop networked systems to apply resources to the promotion of mental health and prevention of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders among their young people. These systems should involve individuals, families, schools, justice systems, health care systems, and relevant community-based programs. Such approaches should build on available evidence-based programs and involve local evaluators to assess the implementation process of individual programs or policies and to measure community-wide outcomes. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12480&page=6

Promote early identification of mental health needs and access to quality services.

•   CG: Collaborative Care for the Management of Depressive Disorders. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/mentalhealth/collab-care.html

•   CG: Interventions to Reduce Depression Among Older Adults: Clinic-Based Depression Care Management. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/mentalhealth/depression-clinic.html

•   CG: Interventions to Reduce Depression Among Older Adults: Home-Based Depression Care Management. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/mentalhealth/depression-home.html

•   USPSTF: Recommends screening of adolescents (ages 12-18) for MDD when systems are in place to ensure accurate diagnosis, psychotherapy (e.g., cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal), and follow-up. In 2002, the USPSTF concluded that there was insufficient evidence to recommend for or against routine screening of children or adolescents for MDD (I recommendation). http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf09/depression/chdeprrs.htm

•   HP: Increase depression screening by primary care providers. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=28

•   HP: Increase the proportion of homeless adults with mental health problems who receive mental health services. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=28

•   Cochrane: Prompts to encourage appointment attendance for people with serious mental illness. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD002085/frame.html

SOURCE: Adapted from Appendix 5, National Prevention Council (2011).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Recommendations of the National Prevention Council and Evidence Cited in Its Report." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13497.
×
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×
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×
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The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries.

In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings.

U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.

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