Control of Invasive Species (2006)

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

87 1. Environmental Procedure Manual, Section 4.8, New York State Department of Transportation, Albany, rev. 2004. 2. Schmidt, W., “Plant Dispersal by Motor Vehicles,” Vegetation, Vol. 80, 1989, pp. 147–152. 3. Lonsdale, W.M. and A.M. Lane, “Tourist Vehicles as Vectors of Weed Seeds in Kakadu National Park, Northern Australia,” Biological Conservation, Vol. 69, 1994, pp. 277–283. 4. “Invasive Species,” Executive Order 13112, Presidential Documents, White House, Washington, D.C., Feb. 3, 1999. 5. “Alien Plant Invaders of Natural Areas: Weeds Gone Wild: Background Information,” Alien Plant Working Group, Washington, D.C., 2000 [Online]. Available: www.nps.gov/plants/alien/bkgd.htm. 6. Wilcove, D.S., D. Rothstein, J. Dubow, A. Phillips, and E. Losos, “Leading Threats to Biodiversity: What’s Imperiling U.S. Species?” In Precious Heritage: The Status of Biodiversity in the United States, L. Shaffer and B.A. Stein, eds., Oxford University Press, New York, N.Y., 2000, pp. 239–254. 7. Schmitz, D.C. and D. Simberloff, “Needed: A National Center for Biological Invasions,” Issues in Science and Technology, Vol. 17, 2001, pp. 57–62. 8. Harmful non-Indigenous Species in the United States, Report OTA-F-565, Office of Technology Assessment, U.S. Congress, Washington, D.C., Sep. 1993. 9. Callicot, J.B. and G.K. Lore, The Nature of Roadsides and the Tools to Work with It, FHWA-EP-03005, Office of Natural and Human Environment, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 1999, 32 pp. 10. Invasive Species: Clearer Focus and Greater Commit- ment Needed to Effectively Manage the Problem, Report to Executive Agency Officials, GAO-03-1, U.S. General Accounting Office, Washington, D.C., 2002, 109 pp. 11. “Federal Highway Administration Guidance on Invasive Species,” Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., Aug. 10, 1999 [Online]. Avail- able: www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/inv_guid.htm. 12. Westbrooks, R.G., Invasive Plants: Changing the Landscape of America, Federal Interagency Committee for the Management of Noxious and Exotic Weeds (FICMNEW), Washington, D.C., 1998, 107 pp. 13. 2005/2006 Workplan, Federal Interagency Committee for the Management of Noxious and Exotic Weeds (FICMNEW), Washington, D.C. [Online]. Available: invasivespecies.gov/docs/ficmnewworkplan.pdf. 14. Invasive Species: Federal Efforts and State Perspec- tives on Challenges and National Leadership, GAO- 03-916T, U.S. General Accounting Office, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Fisheries, Wildlife, and Water, Committee on Environment and Public Works, U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C., June 17, 2003. 15. Halting the Invasion: State Tools for Invasive Species Management, Environmental Law Institute, 2002 [Online]. Available: www2.eli.org/research/invasives/ pdfs/d12-06.pdf. 16. “Guidelines for Coordinated Management of Noxious Weeds: Development of Weed Management Areas,” The Center for Invasive Plant Management, Bozeman, Mont. [Online]. Available: www.weedcenter.org/ management/guidelines/tableofcontents.html. 17. VanBebber, R., Cooperative Weed Management Area (CWMA) Cookbook, Idaho Noxious Weed Coordinat- ing Committee, Boise, 2005. 18. Worrall, J., Review of Systems for Early Detection and Rapid Response, USDA Forest Service, Prepared for the National Invasive Species Council, Washington, D.C., June 6, 2002. 19. Ruiz, G.M. and J.T. Carlton, Eds., Pathways of Inva- sions: Strategies for Management Across Space and Time, Island Press, Washington, D.C., 2001. 20. Spellerberg, I.F., “Ecological Effects of Roads and Traffic: A Literature Review,” Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters, Vol. 7, 1998, pp. 317–333. 21. Environmental Planning and Management Processes, Roads and Traffic Authority, New South Wales, Australia [Online]. Available: www.rta.nsw.gov.au/ environment/environmentalplanningmgt/index.html. 22. “Environmental Impact Assessment Policy, Guidelines, and Procedures,” Chapter 5.2.2.1, Roads and Traffic Authority, New South Wales, Australia [Online]. Avail- able: www.rta.nsw.gov.au/environment/downloads/en vironmental_impact_assessment_guidelines.html. 23. “Environmental Impact Assessment Policy, Guidelines, and Procedures, Chapter 5.2.2.2, Roads and Traffic Authority, New South Wales, Australia [Online]. Available: www.rta.nsw.gov.au/environment/downloads/ environmental_impact_assessment_guidelines.html. 24. “Environmental Impact Assessment Policy, Guidelines, and Procedures,” Chapters 5.2.2.4 and 9.10.3, Roads and Traffic Authority, New South Wales, Australia [Online]. Available:www.rta.nsw.gov.au/environment/downloads/ environmental_impact_assessment_guidelines.html. 25. Global Invasive Species Program, On-line Toolkit, Cape Town, South Africa, Feb. 15, 2001 [Online]. Available: www.cabi-bioscience.ch/wwwgisp/gtc3.htm. 26. Ecological Risk Assessment in the Federal Government, Committee on Environment and Natural Resources Research, National Science and Technology Council (U.S.), Washington, D.C., 1999. 27. Communication on the Precautionary Principle, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, Belgium. REFERENCES

28. Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Manag- ing the Process, National Research Council, Washing- ton, D.C., 1983. 29. “Integrated Roadside Vegetation Management Plan,” Iowa Department of Transportation, Ames, Feb. 1990. 30. Johnson, A., Best Practices Handbook on Roadside Vegetation Management, Minnesota Technology Transfer (T2) LTAP Program, Center for Transporta- tion Studies, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 2000, p. 3. 31. Nowak, C.A. and B.D. Ballard, Transferring Knowl- edge of Shrub Ecology and Management to Promote Integrated Vegetation Management on Powerline Cor- ridors, Final Report, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Calif., Mar. 2004, p. v. 32. Nowak, C.A. and B.D. Ballard, A Framework for Applying Integrated Vegetation Management on Rights-of-Way, Final Report, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Calif., Mar. 2004. 33. McLoughlin, K.T., “Application of Integrated Pest Management to Electric Utility Rights-of-Way Veg- etation Management in New York State,” In Pro- ceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Envi- ronmental Concerns in Rights-of-Way Management, J.R. William, et al., Eds., Elsevier Science Ltd., New York, N.Y., 1997, pp. 118–126. 34. McLoughlin, K.T., “Integrated Vegetation Manage- ment: The Exploration of a Concept to Application,” In Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Environmental Concerns in Rights-of-Way Manage- ment, J.W. Goodrich-Mahoney, et al., Eds., Elsevier Science Ltd., New York, N.Y., 2002, pp. 29–45. 35. Nowak, C.A. and L.P. Abrahamson, “Vegetation Man- agement on Electric Transmission Line Rights-of-Way in New York State: The Stability Approach to Reducing Herbicide Use,” In Proceedings of the International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management: Ecol- ogy, Practice, and Policy, D.H. Gjerstad, Ed., Auburn University School of Forestry Report, Vol. 1, 1993, pp. 183–191. 36. Finch, K.E. and S.D. Shupe, “Nearly Two Decades of Integrated Vegetation Management on Electric Trans- mission Rights-of-Way,” In Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Environmental Concerns in Rights-of-Way Management, J.R. William, et al., Eds., Elsevier Science Ltd., New York, N.Y., 1997, pp. 65–75. 37. Nowak, C.A., et al., “Cost-Effective Vegetation Man- agement on a Recently Cleared Electric Transmission Line Right-of-Way,” Weed Technology, Vol. 6, 1992, pp. 828–837. 38. Abrahamson, L.P., C.A. Nowak, P.M. Charlton, and P.G. Snyder, “Cost-Effectiveness of Herbicide and Non-Herbicide Vegetation Management Methods for Electric Utility Rights-of-Way in the Northeast: State- of-the Art Review,” In Proceedings of the 5th Inter- national Symposium on Environmental Concerns in 88 Rights-of-Way Management, G.J. Doucet, et al., Eds., Montreal, QC, Canada, 1995, pp. 27–43. 39. Johnstone, R.A., “Vegetation Management: Mowing to Spraying,” Journal of Arboriculture, Vol. 16, No. 7, 1990, pp. 186–189. 40. Nowak, C.A., L.P. Abrahamson, D.J. Raynal, and D.J. Leopold, “Selective Vegetation Management on Pow- erline Corridors in New York State: Tree Density and Species Composition Changes from 1975 to 1991,” In Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Environmental Concerns in Rights-of-Way Manage- ment, G.J. Doucet, et al., Eds., Montreal, QC, Canada, 1995, pp. 153–158. 41. Alkiewicz, E., J. Wingfield, D. Frazier, and L. Khitrik, “Using GIS Tools to Conduct Environmental and Asset Analyses Along Rights-of-Way,” In Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Environmental Con- cerns in Rights-of-Way Management, J.W. Goodrich- Mahoney, et al., Eds., Elsevier Science Ltd., New York, N.Y., 2002, pp. 29–45. 42. Florence, R.G., “The Silvicultural Decision,” Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 1, 1977, pp. 293–306. 43. Silviculture Prescription Guidebook, British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria, BC, Canada, 2000. 44. Baskerville, G., “Adaptive Management: Wood Avail- ability and Habitat Availability, Forestry Chronicles, Vol. 61, 1985, pp. 171–175. 45. Falge, J., E. Frantz, and R. Ambuske, “NYS Depart- ment of Transportation Response to E.O. 13112 Inva- sive Plant Species,” In Proceedings of the International Conference of Ecology and Transportation, C.L. Irwin, et al., Eds., Raleigh, North Carolina; Center for Trans- portation and the Environment, North Carolina State University; New York State Department of Trans- portation, Lake Placid, N.Y., Aug. 2003. 46. Nowak, C. and B. Ballard, Assessing New York State DOT’s Alternatives to Herbicides, Integrated Vege- tation Management, and Related Research Pro- grams, RF Project No. 1036966, Award No. 31103, State University of New York, First Interim Report for the project for the period Nov. 1, 2003 to April 30, 2004. 47. Creating an Integrated Weed Management Plan: A Handbook for Owners and Managers of Lands with Natural Values—Colorado Natural Areas Program, Colorado State Parks, Colorado Department of Natural Resources, and Division of Plant Industry, Colorado Department of Agriculture, Denver, 2000, 349 pp. 48. Miller, J.H., Exotic Pest Plants and Their Control, Southern Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Auburn, Ala., rev. Feb. 2002. 49. Noxious Weed Integrated Vegetation Management Guide, IPM Practitioners Association, U.S. Environ- mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 2000 [Online]. Available: http://members.efn.org/~ipmpa/ Noxcontents.html.

89 50. “Action Plan: Weed Management Systems—Cultural, Mechanical, and Integrated Management in Croplands and Non-Croplands,” In National Programs, Crop Protection and Quarantine, Agricultural Research Ser- vice, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., rev. 2004. 51. Haber, E., Guide to Monitoring Exotic and Invasive Plants, Prepared for The Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network, Environment Canada, Burling- ton, ON, Canada, 1977. 52. IPM ACCESS Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Infor- mationService[Online].Available: http://www.efn,org/~ ipmpa/. 53. Hiebert, R.D. and J. Stubbendieck, Handbook for Ranking Exotic Plants for Management and Control, National Park Service, U.S. Department of Interior, Denver, Colo., 1993. 54. Global Invasive Species Programme, Convention on Biological Diversity, United Nations Environment Pro- gram, Montreal, QC, Canada [Online]. Available: http:// www.biodiv.org/programmes/cross-cutting/alien/gisp. asp. 55. “National Management Plan: An Action Plan for the Na- tion—Early Detection and Rapid Response,” National Invasive Species Information Center, National Agri- cultural Library, Beltsville, Md. [Online]. Available: http://www.invasivespecies.gov/council/actionc.shtml. 56. “Case Study 5.10—Fire Ant: An Eradication Program That Failed,” Global Invasive Species Programme, Cape Town, South Africa, Feb. 22, 2001. 57. “Beware of Invasives,” Public Roads Magazine, Mar.–Apr. 2000 [Online]. Available: www.tfhrc.gov/ pubrds/marapr00/invasiv1.htm. 58. “Invasive Species,” New York State DOT Engineering Bulletin, Albany, 2004. 59. Invasive Species Control Methods for Maintenance and Construction, Attachment 4, Environmental Pro- cedures Manual, New York State Department of Trans- portation, Albany, rev. June 10, 2004. 60. Guide to Noxious Weed Prevention Practices, Version 1.0., U.S. Forest Service, Washington, D.C., July 5, 2001 [Online]. Available: www.fs.fed.us/rangelands/ftp/inva sives/documents/GuidetoNoxWeedPrevPractices_ 07052001.pdf. 61. Sample Contracts, Agreements, and Memorandums of Understanding, Center for Invasive Plants Management, Bozeman, Mont. [Online]. Available: www.weedcenter. org/management/guidelines/tableofcontents.html. 62. Invasive Plant Atlas of New England (IPANE) [Online]. Available: http://www.invasives.eeb.uconn.edu/ipane/ invasivealerts/invasivealerts.htm. 63. National Invasive Species Progress Report on Meeting the Invasive Species Challenge: National Invasive Species Management Plan, FY 2004, National Invasive Species Council, Washington, D.C., July 22, 2005 [Online]. Available: www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/docs/ nisc/progressrpt2005.pdf. 64. Center for Invasive Plant Management (CIPM) Online Textbook, Bozeman, Mont. [Online] Available: www.weedcenter.org/textbook/8_prevention.html. 65. Hegamyer, K., S.P. Nash, and P.T. Smallwood, Eds., The Early Detectives: How to Use Volunteers Against Invasive Species, Case Studies of Volunteer Early Detection Programs in the U.S., Environmental Stud- ies Program, University of Richmond, 2003. 66. Conceptual Design for a National Early Detection and Rapid Response (EDRR) System for Invasive Plants, Federal Interagency Committee for the Management of Noxious and Exotic Weeds (FICMNEW), Washington, D.C., 2002. 67. Berger, R.L., NCHRP Synthesis 341: Integrated Roadside Management, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 82 pp. 68. Invasive Species Inventory Methods, Environmental Pro- cedure Manual, Attachment 5, New York State Depart- ment of Transportation, Albany, rev. June 10, 2004. 69. Curto, M., et al., “A GIS to Select Plant Species for Ero- sion Control Along California Highways,” Presented at International Erosion Control Association, Conference 33, Orlando, Fla., Feb. 25–Mar. 1, 2002 [Online]. Available: www.owp.csus.edu/research/papers/papers/ PP016.pdf. 70. Green, K., “Don’t Scare the Fish,” Roads & Bridges, Vol. 39, No. 6, May 2001. 71. Wittenber, R. and M.J.W. Cock, Eds., Invasive Alien Species: A Toolkit for Best Prevention and Manage- ment Practices, 2001 [Online]. Available: www.gisp. org/publications/toolkit/Toolkiteng.pdf. 72. Johnson, A.M., Best Practices Handbook on Roadside Vegetation Management, Report 2000-19, Minnesota Department of Transportation and University of Min- nesota, St. Paul, Sep. 2000, p. 43. 73. “Biopesticides: Contract Biopesticide Research and Development and Quality Control Testing,” CABI Bioscience, Ascot, United Kingdom [Online]. Avail- able: www.cabi-bioscience.org/biopesticides.asp. 74. Code of Conduct for the Import and Release of Exotic Biological Control Agents, International Plant Protec- tion Program, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. 75. “Enhanced Biological Control of Yellow Star Thistle and Tumbleweed (Russian Thistle),” California Depart- ment of Transportation, Sacramento, Transportation Research Board, Research in Progress [Online]. Avail- able: rip.trb.org/browse/dproject.asp?n=7670. 76. “What Departments of Transportation (DOTs) Are Doing About Invasives,” Greener Roadsides, Fall 2001 [Online]. Available: www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/ greenerroadsides/fal01p9.htm. 77. Randall, J.M. and J. Marinelli, Invasive Plants, Weeds of the Global Garden, Handbook No. 149, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, N.Y, 1996, 99 pp. [Online]. Available: www.nygardener.com.

78. “New York State Department of Transportation Mow- ing Considerations,” Environmental Procedure Man- ual, Albany, 2004. 79. Mowing to Manage Noxious Weeds, Fact Sheet No. 200104, Montana State University Extension Service, Bozeman, Aug. 2002. 80. Guide to Environmental Stewardship Practices, Pro- cedures, and Policies for Highway Construction and Maintenance, Center for Environmental Excellence, American Association for State Highway and Trans- portation Officials, Washington, D.C., draft. 81. “Maintenance Programs, Vegetation Management Sec- tion, Wildlife Habitat Areas,” North Carolina Depart- ment of Transportation, Raleigh [Online]. Available: www.doh.dot.state.nc.us/operations/dp_chief_eng/road side/vegetation/maintenance/wildlifehabitat.html. 82. Environmental Handbook for Transportation Opera- tions, New York State Department of Transportation Environmental Analysis Bureau, Albany, July 2001, p. 3.1.9. 83. New York State Department of Transportation Presen- tation at the International Conference on Ecology and Transportation, Lake Placid, N.Y., Aug. 2003. 84. Bedard, Y., et al., “Managing the Green Heritage of Highways Rights-of-Way in Southern Quebec: A New Ecological Landscape Approach,” Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Environmental Con- cerns in Rights-of-Way Management, Calgary, AB, Canada, Sep. 9–13, 2000. 85. “Weeds Get Special Treatment in Santa Cruz,” Technol- ogy Transfer Newsletter, University of California at Berkeley, 2002 [Online]. Available: www.techtransfer. berkeley.edu/newsletter and www.techtransfer.berkeley. edu/newsletter/02-2/species.php. 86. Milberg, P. and B.B. Lamont, “Fire Enhances Weed Invasion of Roadside Vegetation in Southwestern Australia,” Biological Conservation, Vol. 73, 1995, pp. 45–49. 87. Wade, A., “Green Landscaping with Native Plants,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. [Online]. Available: www.epa.gov/glnpo/greenacres/ wildones/handbk/wo21.html. 88. Pauly, W.R., How to Manage Small Prairie Fires, Dane County Park Commission, Madison, Wis., 1988. 89. Pauly, W.R., “Implementing Prescribed Burns: Burn Management as a Roadside Tool,” Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C. [Online]. Available: www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/rdsduse/rd_use14.htm. 90. “Fire as a Tool for Controlling Non-Native Invasive Plants,” Center for Invasive Plant Management, Mon- tana State University, Bozeman. 91. Tix, D., A. Hebberger, E. Vaughan, and I. Charvat, The Effects of Fire Versus Mowing on Prairie Plant Communities, Final Report MN/RC—2003–20, Min- nesota Transportation Department and the University of Minnesota, St. Paul, July 2003, 62 pp. [Online]. Available: www.lrrb.gen.mn.us/pdf/200320.pdf. 90 92. Edgar, R., Evaluation of Infrared Treatments for Managing Roadside Vegetation, FHWA-OR-RD-01- 06, Oregon Department of Transportation, Salem, 2000 [Online]. Available: http://www.odot.state.or.us/ tddresearch/infrared_veg.pdf. 93. Daar, S., “Using Goats for Brush Control,” IPM Practi- tioner, Vol. 5, No. 4, 1983, pp. 1–2. 94. “A Practice to Get Your Goat,” Technology Transfer Newsletter, University of California at Berkeley, 2002 [Online]. Available: www.techtransfer.berkeley. edu/newsletter and www.techtransfer.berkeley.edu/ newsletter/02-2/species.php. 95. Williams, K., New York State DOT, Environmental Procedure Manual, Invasive Species Control Prac- tices, Albany. 96. Henderson, K., Roadside Use of Native Plants: Inte- grating all the Management Tools (IRVM), Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C. [Online]. Available: www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/rdsduse/rd_ use13.htm. 97. “National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides,” Pesticides and You, Vol. 19, No. 1, 1999. 98. Stidger, R., “Sprayer Designs Target Herbicide Appli- cation, Cut Costs: Infrared and Other Technologies Can Help Locate and Control Roadside Weeds at Lower Costs,” Better Roads, Vol. 71, No. 5, May 2001, pp. 26–30. 99. Toussaint, C., Innovative Herbicide Sprayers for Road- side, Slopes, and Ditches, Maintenance Operations Research, Minnesota Department of Transportation, St. Paul, Feb. 1997 [Online]. Available: http://lrrb.org/ more.cfm?code=453. 100. Schoenig, S., “Certified Weed-Free Forage: An Emerg- ing Program for Western States,” Proceedings of the Western Alfalfa and Storage Conference, University of California–Davis, Dec. 11–13, 2002, 6 pp. 101. Construction Stormwater Fact Sheet on Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning, California Department of Trans- portation, Sacramento [Online]. Available: www.dot. ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/NS-08.doc. 102. Publications and Forms, Delaware Department of Trans- portation, Dover [Online]. Available: www.deldot.net/ static/pubs_forms/manuals/livable_delaware/roadside_ environment_attach.html. 103. Greenberg, C.H., S.H. Crownover, and D.R. Gordon, “Roadside Soils: A Corridor for Invasion of Xeric Scrub by Non-Indigenous Plants,” Natural Areas Jour- nal, Vol. 17, No. 2, 1997, pp. 99–109. 104. Claassen, V.P., R.J. Zasoski, and R.J. Southard, Soil Conditions and Mycorrhizal Infection Associated with Revegetation of Decomposed Granite Slopes, FHWA Report FHWA/CA/TL—96/01, Federal Highway Administration and State of California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, June 1995, 151 pp. 105. Claassen, V.P. and M.P. Hogan, Generation of Water- Stable Soil Aggregates for Improved Erosion Control

91 and Revegetation Success, FHWA Report FHWA/ CA/TL-98/18, Federal Highway Administration and State of California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, Mar. 1998, 111 pp. 106. Clary, R.F., Planting Techniques and Materials for Revegetation of California Roadsides, Highway Re- search Report, FHWA/USDA Publication LMPC-2, California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, 1983, 49 pp. 107. Schafer, W.M. and G.A. Nielsen, “Soil Development and Plant Succession on 1- to 50-Year-Old Strip Mine Spoils in Southeastern Montana,” In Ecology and Coal Resource Development, M.K. Wali, Ed., Pergamon Press, New York, N.Y., 1978, pp. 541–549. 108. Hargis, N.E. and E.F. Redente, “Soil Handling for Sur- face Mine Reclamation,” Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Vol. 5, 1984, pp. 300–305. 109. Claassen, V.P., The Use of Compost and Co-Compost as a Primary Erosion Control Material, FHWA Report FHWA/CA/TL-2002/30, Federal Highway Adminis- tration and State of California Department of Trans- portation, Sacramento, Mar. 2001, 71 pp. 110. McVay, B., “Federal Contacts Dispatch,” Apr. 2000 [Online]. Available: www.fedgovcontracts.com/ pe00-127.htm. 111. Memo to Landscape Architects on Native Landscape Revegetation Commitments, California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, Apr. 28, 2003. 112. Roadside Manual, Washington State Department of Transportation, Olympia, July 2003, pp. 120–121. 113. “Successes in Streamlining,” Newsletter, Volpe Research Center and Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Cambridge, Mass., Apr. 2004. 114. Masteller, M., Roadside Vegetation Maintenance on Iowa’s State and County Roadsides: A Cost Analysis Begun in 1995, Iowa Department of Transportation, Ames. 115. “Successful Adirondack Partnership Renews Commit- ment, Expands Reach,” Adirondack Park Agency News Release, Ray Brook, N.Y., Apr. 9, 2004. 116. New York State Adirondack Park Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Invasive Plant Council of New York State, and the Adirondack Nature Conservancy, Memorandum of Understanding for the Adirondack Park Invasive Plant Program, Apr. 8, 2004. 117. “Beyond Pesticides/National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides, Pesticides and You,” Vol. 19, No. 1, 1999, p. 15 [Online]. Available: http://www. beyondpesticides.org/infoservices/pesticidesandyou/ Spring%2099/The%20Right%20Way%20to%20Veg etation%20Management.pdf. 118. Obstacles Hinder Federal Rapid Response to Grow- ing Threat of Invasive Species, Report to Congress, U.S. General Accounting Office, Washington, D.C., July 2001. 119. “Time for a National Center?” Greener Roadsides, Fall 2001. 120. Johnson, A., Best Practices Handbook on Roadside Vegetation Management, Minnesota Technology Transfer (T2) LTAP Program, Center for Transporta- tion Studies, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 2000, p. 4. 121. Lacey, C.A., et al., “Bounty Programs & Incentives: An Effective Weed Management Tool,” Weed Tech- nology, Vol. 2, 1988, pp. 196–197. 122. Larson, J., Curriculum Guidelines and Starter Kits on Controlling Invasive Species, Columbus High School, Columbus, Mont. 123. Parker, K.F., An Illustrated Guide to Arizona Weeds, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1990. 124. Annotated Literature Review: Model Rapid Response Plan for Great Lakes Aquatic Invasions, Great Lakes Panel on Aquatic Nuisance Species, draft, July 2003, 11 pp. 125. Larsen, D. and K. Freitag, Control of Invasive Exotic Plants in the Great Plains: An Annotated Bibliography, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Geo- logical Survey, Jamestown, N.D., 1996. 126. Bibliography of Non-Native Aquatic Species in the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic Regions, Gulf Marine Fisheries Commission, Ocean Springs, Miss. 127. Annotated Bibliography of the Invasive Species of the Gulf Coast—Galveston Bay Invasive Species Risk Assessment Project, Central Southwest/Gulf Coast Infor- mation Node, National Biological Information Infra- structure, U.S. Geological Survey, The Woodlands, Tex. 128. Rutledge, C.R. and T. McLendon, An Assessment of Exotic Plant Species of Rocky Mountain National Park: Appendix III—Useful Resources, Department of Rangeland Ecosystems Science, Colorado State Uni- versity, Ft. Collins, 1996, 97 pp. 129. Bowen, B. and C. Bailey, Invasive Pest Plants in the Southern Appalachian Mountain Region Bibliography Database, Southern Appalachian Information Node, National Biological Information Structure, U.S. Geo- logical Survey, Reston, Va.,