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34 Aircraft gas turbine engine1 â Any gas turbine engine used for aircraft propulsion or for power generation on an aircraft, including those commonly called turbojet-, turbofan-, turbo- prop-, or turboshaft-type engines. Alternative fuel â An advanced fuel other than conven- tional fuels; for this report, alternative fuels are those that do not come from petroleum and could potentially replace jet fuel. Black carbon â Nonvolatile diesel particulate matter, often used interchangeably with soot or elemental carbon, although it is most often used when discussing optical properties. Cetane2 â Hexadecane, an organic molecule consisting of a chain of 16 carbon atoms; also short for cetane number. Cetane index2 â Used as a substitute for the cetane number of diesel fuel; cetane index is calculated based on the fuelâs den- sity and distillation range. Cetane number2 â A measure of the detonation of diesel fuel. Combustion CO2e â Carbon-dioxideâequivalent emissions resulting from fuel combustion. Drop-in alternative fuel â An alternative jet fuel that can be accommodated at an airport with little or no modification. Elemental carbon1 â Often referred to as EC and frequently used interchangeably with black carbon and soot, although it is most often used when referring to chemical properties; the refractory carbon found in combustion-generated particulate matter; the portion of a sample of combustion-generated par- ticulate matter that remains after volatile components have been removed; also known as graphitic carbon. A P P E N D I X A Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations 1 Definition from Society of Automotive Engineers, Aerospace Information Report 5892, 2007. 2 Definition from Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/. Fine particle3 â Particle with a classical aerodynamic diame- ter less than 2.5 µm. Life-cycle CO2e â Carbon-dioxideâequivalent emissions from all aspects of fuel production (e.g., refining and trans- porting) and combustion. Organic carbon3 â Often referred to as OC; is a major com- ponent of particulate carbon and is composed of many com- pounds, most of which partition between the gas and aerosol phases at ambient conditions and are referred to as semi- volatile organic compounds (SVOC). PM â Particulate matter. PM2.5 â Particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter; sim- ilar to the term fine particle. Primary particle â A particle emitted directly from the source. Secondary particle â A particle that forms as the result of a chemical reaction or other means by combining with other elements after leaving the source. Soot â Nonvolatile diesel particulate matter; also referred to as black carbon or elemental carbon. Synthetic paraffinic kerosene â Fuels created from Fischer- Tropsch synthesis of coal, natural gas, biomass, or a mix of biomass and coal and hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel cre- ated from feedstocks such as algae and palm oils. Total carbon1 â The sum of elemental carbon and organic carbon. Ultrafine particles â Particles with a classical aerodynamic diameter of less than 0.1 µm. Volatile particles1 â Particles formed from condensable gases after the exhaust has been cooled to below engine-exit conditions. 3 Definition from http://www.epa.gov/pmdesignations/faq.htm.
35 Acronyms and Abbreviations AAFEX â Alternative Aviation Fuels Experiment ACRP â Airport Cooperative Research Program AEDT â Aviation Environmental Design Tool AERMOD â Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling System AFIT â Alternative Fuels Investigation Tool AFRL â Air Force Research Laboratory APU â auxiliary power unit ASTM â American Society of Testing and Materials BADA â Base of Aircraft Data BSFC â brake-specific fuel consumption BTS â Bureau of Transportation Statistics CAAFI â Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuel Initiative CBA â costâbenefit analysis CCS â carbon capture and sequestration CI â cetane index CMAQ â Community Multiscale Air Quality CN â cetane number CTL â coal to liquids DESC â Defense Energy Support Center EDMS â Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System EF â emission factor EPA â Environmental Protection Agency ETMS â Enhanced Traffic Management System EU â European Union FAA â Federal Aviation Administration FAME â fatty acid methyl ester F-T â Fischer-Tropsch GHG â greenhouse gas GSE â ground support equipment IPCC â Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LNG â liquefied natural gas LTO â landing takeoff cycle MATS â Modeled Attainment Test Software NAAQS â National Ambient Air Quality Standards PM â particulate matter PMFO â particulate matter composed of fuel organics PMNV â nonvolatile particulate matter PMSO â particulate matter composed of sulfur organics SMOKE â Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions SPK â synthetic paraffinic kerosene ULS â ultralow sulfur