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Handbook for Analyzing the Costs and Benefits of Alternative Aviation Turbine Engine Fuels at Airports (2011)

Chapter: Appendix A - Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations

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Page 34
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Handbook for Analyzing the Costs and Benefits of Alternative Aviation Turbine Engine Fuels at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14531.
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Page 34
Page 35
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Handbook for Analyzing the Costs and Benefits of Alternative Aviation Turbine Engine Fuels at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14531.
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Page 35

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34 Aircraft gas turbine engine1 – Any gas turbine engine used for aircraft propulsion or for power generation on an aircraft, including those commonly called turbojet-, turbofan-, turbo- prop-, or turboshaft-type engines. Alternative fuel – An advanced fuel other than conven- tional fuels; for this report, alternative fuels are those that do not come from petroleum and could potentially replace jet fuel. Black carbon – Nonvolatile diesel particulate matter, often used interchangeably with soot or elemental carbon, although it is most often used when discussing optical properties. Cetane2 – Hexadecane, an organic molecule consisting of a chain of 16 carbon atoms; also short for cetane number. Cetane index2 – Used as a substitute for the cetane number of diesel fuel; cetane index is calculated based on the fuel’s den- sity and distillation range. Cetane number2 – A measure of the detonation of diesel fuel. Combustion CO2e – Carbon-dioxide–equivalent emissions resulting from fuel combustion. Drop-in alternative fuel – An alternative jet fuel that can be accommodated at an airport with little or no modification. Elemental carbon1 – Often referred to as EC and frequently used interchangeably with black carbon and soot, although it is most often used when referring to chemical properties; the refractory carbon found in combustion-generated particulate matter; the portion of a sample of combustion-generated par- ticulate matter that remains after volatile components have been removed; also known as graphitic carbon. A P P E N D I X A Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations 1 Definition from Society of Automotive Engineers, Aerospace Information Report 5892, 2007. 2 Definition from Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/. Fine particle3 – Particle with a classical aerodynamic diame- ter less than 2.5 µm. Life-cycle CO2e – Carbon-dioxide–equivalent emissions from all aspects of fuel production (e.g., refining and trans- porting) and combustion. Organic carbon3 – Often referred to as OC; is a major com- ponent of particulate carbon and is composed of many com- pounds, most of which partition between the gas and aerosol phases at ambient conditions and are referred to as semi- volatile organic compounds (SVOC). PM – Particulate matter. PM2.5 – Particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter; sim- ilar to the term fine particle. Primary particle – A particle emitted directly from the source. Secondary particle – A particle that forms as the result of a chemical reaction or other means by combining with other elements after leaving the source. Soot – Nonvolatile diesel particulate matter; also referred to as black carbon or elemental carbon. Synthetic paraffinic kerosene – Fuels created from Fischer- Tropsch synthesis of coal, natural gas, biomass, or a mix of biomass and coal and hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel cre- ated from feedstocks such as algae and palm oils. Total carbon1 – The sum of elemental carbon and organic carbon. Ultrafine particles – Particles with a classical aerodynamic diameter of less than 0.1 µm. Volatile particles1 – Particles formed from condensable gases after the exhaust has been cooled to below engine-exit conditions. 3 Definition from http://www.epa.gov/pmdesignations/faq.htm.

35 Acronyms and Abbreviations AAFEX – Alternative Aviation Fuels Experiment ACRP – Airport Cooperative Research Program AEDT – Aviation Environmental Design Tool AERMOD – Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling System AFIT – Alternative Fuels Investigation Tool AFRL – Air Force Research Laboratory APU – auxiliary power unit ASTM – American Society of Testing and Materials BADA – Base of Aircraft Data BSFC – brake-specific fuel consumption BTS – Bureau of Transportation Statistics CAAFI – Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuel Initiative CBA – cost–benefit analysis CCS – carbon capture and sequestration CI – cetane index CMAQ – Community Multiscale Air Quality CN – cetane number CTL – coal to liquids DESC – Defense Energy Support Center EDMS – Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System EF – emission factor EPA – Environmental Protection Agency ETMS – Enhanced Traffic Management System EU – European Union FAA – Federal Aviation Administration FAME – fatty acid methyl ester F-T – Fischer-Tropsch GHG – greenhouse gas GSE – ground support equipment IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LNG – liquefied natural gas LTO – landing takeoff cycle MATS – Modeled Attainment Test Software NAAQS – National Ambient Air Quality Standards PM – particulate matter PMFO – particulate matter composed of fuel organics PMNV – nonvolatile particulate matter PMSO – particulate matter composed of sulfur organics SMOKE – Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions SPK – synthetic paraffinic kerosene ULS – ultralow sulfur

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TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 46: Handbook for Analyzing the Costs and Benefits of Alternative Aviation Turbine Engine Fuels at Airports consists of the Alternative Fuel Investigation Tool (AFIT), a handbook on the use of AFIT, and a report on its development. AFIT is an analytical model designed to help airport operators and fuel suppliers evaluate the costs associated with introducing “drop-in” alternative turbine engine fuel at airports and the benefits as measured by reduced emissions.

AFIT, which is included in CD-ROM format with the print version of the report, takes into account options for using alternative fuel for other airside equipment, including diesel-powered ground support equipment.

The report also addresses characteristics of current fuel usage and distribution, and describes what is required to switch to alternatives.

The CD-ROM is also available for download from TRB’s website as an ISO image. Links to the ISO image and instructions for burning a CD-ROM from an ISO image are provided below.

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CD-ROM Disclaimer - This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively “TRB’) be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operations of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages.

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