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47 DEFINITIONS Asphalt binder: An asphalt-based cement that is produced from petroleum residue either with or without the addi- tion of modifiers (ASTM D6648-01). Bituminous emulsion: A suspension of minute globules of bituminous material in water or in an aqueous solution. Cold in-place expanded asphalt mix (CIREAM): A CIR process that uses expanded (foamed) asphalt cement instead of emulsion as the binder. Cold in-place recycling (CIR): A process that uses cold milling of the surface and remixing with the addition of asphalt emulsion, portland cement, foamed asphalt, or other additives to improve the properties of the reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), followed by placing and com- pacting the new mix in one continuous operation. Emulsified recycling agent: A suspension of minute glob- ules of bituminous material in water or in an aqueous solution where the bituminous material is a blend of hydrocarbons with or without minor amounts of other materials that are used to alter or improve the properties of the aged asphalt in a recycled asphalt paving mixture. Expanded asphalt (EA): See foamed asphalt. Foamed asphalt: Produced by a process in which water is injected into the hot asphalt, resulting in spontaneous foaming. Also called expanded asphalt (Muthen 1998). Full-depth reclamation (FDR): A pavement rehabilitation process that pulverizes an existing asphalt pavement along with one or more inches of the underlying base or subgrade. The pulverized material is mixed with or with- out additional binders, additives, or water, and then placed, graded, and compacted to provide an improved base layer before placement of the final surface layers. Hot in-place recycling (HIR): A process that preheats the existing surface immediately before milling, mixing the RAP with asphalt binders, recycling agents, new aggre- gates, or other additives to improve the properties of the RAP, then placing and compacting the new mix in one continuous operation. Milling: Fine particles (generally ranging in size from dust to less than 1 in.) of bitumen and inorganic material that are produced by the mechanical grinding of bituminous concrete surfaces (New Jersey Department of Environ- mental Protection 2010). Pulverization: Mechanized process that transforms the existing flexible pavement surface layer and a portion of the underlying granular layer into a uniform granular material suitable for use as a base layer (Caltrans 2008). Recycling agent (RA): A blend of hydrocarbons with or without minor amounts of other materials that is used to alter or improve the properties of the aged asphalt in recy- cled asphalt. Rejuvenator: An additive used in the recycling of reclaimed asphalt pavement.
