Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Abbreviations used without definitions in TRB publications: AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACIâNA Airports Council InternationalâNorth America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA Air Transport Association ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S.DOT United States Department of Transportation *Membership as of December 2011. Tcrp overSiGhT And proJecT SeLecTion coMMiTTee* chAir Keith ParKer VIA Metropolitan Transit MeMBerS John Bartosiewicz McDonald Transit Associates Michael BlaylocK Jacksonville Transportation Authority raul Bravo Raul V. Bravo & Associates terry Garcia crews Metro Cincinnati carolyn Flowers Charlotte Area Transit System anGela iannuzziello Genivar Consultants John inGlish Utah Transit Authority Paul JaBlonsKi San Diego Metropolitan Transit System sherry little Spartan Solutions LLC Jonathan h. McDonalD HNTB Corporation Gary w. Mcneil GO Transit BraDForD Miller Pinellas Suncoast Transit Authority FranK otero PACO Technologies Peter roGoFF FTA JeFFrey rosenBerG Amalgamated Transit Union richarD sarles Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority Michael scanlon San Mateo County Transit District JaMes steM United Transportation Union Gary thoMas Dallas Area Rapid Transit FranK toBey First Transit Matthew o. tucKer North County Transit District PhilliP washinGton Denver Regional Transit District alice wiGGins-tolBert Parsons Brinckerhoff eX oFFicio MeMBerS Michael P. MelaniPhy APTA roBert e. sKinner, Jr. TRB John c. horsley AASHTO victor MenDez FHWA Tdc eXecuTive direcTor louis sanDers APTA SecreTArY christoPher w. JenKs TRB TrAnSporTATion reSeArch BoArd 2012 eXecuTive coMMiTTee* oFFicerS Chair: Sandra Rosenbloom, Professor of Planning, University of Arizona, Tucson Vice Chair: Deborah H. Butler, Executive Vice President, Planning, and CIO, Norfolk Southern Corporation, Norfolk, VA Executive Director: Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Transportation Research Board MeMBerS J. Barry BarKer, Executive Director, Transit Authority of River City, Louisville, KY williaM a.v. clarK, Professor of Geography and Professor of Statistics, Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles euGene a. conti, Jr., Secretary of Transportation, North Carolina DOT, Raleigh JaMes M. crites, Executive Vice President of Operations, Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport, TX Paula J. c. haMMonD, Secretary, Washington State DOT, Olympia Michael w. hancocK, Secretary, Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, Frankfort chris t. henDricKson, Duquesne Light Professor of Engineering, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA aDiB K. KanaFani, Professor of the Graduate School, University of California, Berkeley Gary P. laGranGe, President and CEO, Port of New Orleans, LA Michael P. lewis, Director, Rhode Island DOT, Providence susan Martinovich, Director, Nevada DOT, Carson City Joan McDonalD, Commissioner, New York State DOT, Albany Michael r. Morris, Director of Transportation, North Central Texas Council of Governments, Arlington neil J. PeDersen, Consultant, Silver Spring, MD tracy l. rosser, Vice President, Regional General Manager, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Mandeville, LA henry G. (Gerry) schwartz, Jr., Chairman (retired), Jacobs/Sverdrup Civil, Inc., St. Louis, MO Beverly a. scott, General Manager and CEO, Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority, Atlanta, GA DaviD seltzer, Principal, Mercator Advisors LLC, Philadelphia, PA KuMares c. sinha, Olson Distinguished Professor of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN thoMas K. sorel, Commissioner, Minnesota DOT, St. Paul Daniel sPerlinG, Professor of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science and Policy; Director, Institute of Transportation Studies; and Acting Director, Energy Efficiency Center, University of California, Davis KirK t. steuDle, Director, Michigan DOT, Lansing DouGlas w. stotlar, President and CEO, Con-Way, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI c. Michael walton, Ernest H. Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering, University of Texas, Austin eX oFFicio MeMBerS reBecca M. Brewster, President and COO, American Transportation Research Institute, Smyrna, GA anne s. Ferro, Administrator, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, U.S.DOT leroy Gishi, Chief, Division of Transportation, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC John t. Gray ii, Senior Vice President, Policy and Economics, Association of American Railroads, Washington, DC John c. horsley, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC Michael P. huerta, Acting Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S.DOT DaviD t. MatsuDa, Administrator, Maritime Administration, U.S.DOT Michael P. MelaniPhy, President and CEO, American Public Transportation Association, Washington, DC victor M. MenDez, Administrator, Federal Highway Administration, U.S.DOT tara oâtoole, Under Secretary for Science and Technology, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC roBert J. PaPP (adm., u.s. coast Guard), Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC cynthia l. QuarterMan, Administrator, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, U.S.DOT Peter M. roGoFF, Administrator, Federal Transit Administration, U.S.DOT DaviD l. stricKlanD, Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S.DOT JosePh c. szaBo, Administrator, Federal Railroad Administration, U.S.DOT Polly trottenBerG, Assistant Secretary for Transportation Policy, U.S.DOT roBert l. van antwerP (lt. Gen., u.s. army), Chief of Engineers and Commanding General, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC Barry r. wallerstein, Executive Officer, South Coast Air Quality Management District, Diamond Bar, CA GreGory D. winFree, Acting Administrator, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, U.S.DOT *Membership as of February 2012.