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ACADEMIC R&D EXPENDITURES 54 ACADEMIC R&D: TYPE OF INSTITUTIONS. For the past two decades, doctoral institutions have maintained a 90-percent share of all academic R&D expenditures. In 1988, doctoral institution R&D expenditures totalled $11.5 billion. Figure 2-29: Academic R&D Expenditures by Institution Type Figure 2-30: Distribution of Academic R&D Expenditures by Institution Type NOTE: Data series within the figures are not overlapped; top line represents total. Financial data are expressed in 1988 constant dollars to reflect real long-term growth trends. DEFINITION OF TERMS: Academic R&D expenditures include current-fund expenditures within higher education institutions for all research and development activities that are separately budgeted and accounted for. This includes both sponsored research activities (sponsored by federal and non-federal agencies and organizations) and university research separately budgeted under an internal application of institutional funds; but excludes training, public service, demonstration projects, departmental research not separately budgeted, and FFRDCs. Doctoral institutions are higher education institutions that have granted an average of 10 or more Ph.D. degrees per year in the natural sciences or engineering over the past two decades; they include 116 public and 69 private institutions. Other includes comprehensive institutions that grant at least half of their degrees for courses of study that normally require 4 or more years to complete, and 2-year institutions that award primarily 2-year associate or technician degrees. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Policy Research and Analysis. Database: CASPAR. Some of the data within this database are estimates, incorporated where there are discontinuities within data series or gaps in data collection. Primary data source: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resource Studies, Survey of Scientific and Engineering Expenditures at Universities and Colleges.
