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TOTAL ACADEMIC EXPENDITURES AND REVENUES 65 TOTAL ACADEMIC OPERATING EXPENDITURES: PURPOSE For the past 2 decades, over-all academic expenditure patterns have remained generally stable, with research accounting for 10 percent to 15 percent; education-related activities, 60 percent to 65 percent; public service, less than 5 percent; and other operationsâhospitals, self-financing enterprises such as bookstores and dormitories, and federally financed research and development centersâaccounting for more than 20 percent. Total national academic operating expenditures reached $110 billion in 1988. Figure 2-48: Total Academic Operating Expenditures by Purpose Figure 2-49: Distribution of Total Academic Operating Expenditures by Purpose NOTE: Data series within the figures are not overlapped; top line represents total. Financial data are expressed in 1988 constant dollars to reflect real long-term growth trends. DEFINITION OF TERMS: Academic institutions include 185 doctoral institutions, 1,224 comprehensive institutions, and 1,388 2-year institutions, the latter of which award primarily 2-year associate or technician degrees. Operating expenditures consist of educational and general current-fund expenditures for instruction, research, public service, academic support, student services, institutional support, operation and maintenance of plant, scholarships and fellowships, and educational and mandatory transfers for debt service; and for auxiliary enterprises and federally funded research and development centers, but exclude expenditures from institutional plant fund accounts. Education includes instructional expenditures, including departmental research not separately budgeted; current operating expenditures for libraries, operation and maintenance of plant, scholarships and fellowships, and student services. Research includes current fund expenditures for separately budgeted research and development. Public Service includes funds budgeted specifically for non-instructional services beneficial to groups external to the institution. Other includes hospitals, auxiliary enterprises, and (FFRDCs) administered by universities. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Policy Research and Analysis. Database: CASPAR. Some of the data within this database are estimates, incorporated where there are discontinuities within data series or gaps in data collection. Primary data source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS): Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education.
