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Science and Technology in the Academic Enterprise: Status, Trends, and Issues (1989)

Chapter: HIGHER EDUCATION ENROLLMENTS: PERCENT FEMALE

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Suggested Citation:"HIGHER EDUCATION ENROLLMENTS: PERCENT FEMALE." Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, and National Academy of Engineering. 1989. Science and Technology in the Academic Enterprise: Status, Trends, and Issues. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1468.
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Page 85

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HIGHER EDUCATION ENROLLMENTS 85 HIGHER EDUCATION ENROLLMENTS: PERCENT FEMALE Women now comprise over half of all higher-education enrollments. For doctoral institutions, the female share of enrollments grew from 32 percent in 1958 to nearly 50 percent in 1988. In comprehensive and 2-year institutions, the female share of enrollments grew from around 40 percent in 1958 to 55 percent in 1988. Figure 2-83: Percents of Females Enrolled in Institutions of Higher Education DEFINITION OF TERMS: Higher education enrollments include all full-time students plus a full-time equivalent of part-time students as reported by institutions. Two-Year institutions award primarily 2-year associate or technician degrees; they include 902 public and 486 private institutions. Comprehensive institutions are those that grant at least half of their degrees for courses of study that normally require 4 or more years to complete; they include 370 public and 854 private institutions. Doctoral institutions are institutions that granted an average of 10 or more Ph.D. degrees per year in the natural sciences or engineering over the past two decades; they include 116 public and 69 private institutions. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Policy Research and Analysis. Database: CASPAR. Some of the data within this database are estimates, incorporated where there are discontinuities within data series or gaps in data collection. Primary data source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS): Fall Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Education.

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The U.S. academic research enterprise is entering a new era characterized by remarkable opportunities and increased strain. This two-part volume integrates the experiential knowledge of group members with quantitative data analyses in order to examine the status of scientific and technological research in academic settings. Part One reviews the status of the current research enterprise, emerging trends affecting it, and issues central to its future. Part Two is an overview of the enterprise and describes long-term trends in financial and human resources. This new book will be useful in stimulating policy discussions—especially among individuals and organizations that fund or perform academic research.

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