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Suggested Citation:"S&E PH.D. DEGREES: GENDER." Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, and National Academy of Engineering. 1989. Science and Technology in the Academic Enterprise: Status, Trends, and Issues. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1468.
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Page 94

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SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING DEGREES. 94 S&E PH.D. DEGREES: GENDER. The share of all science and engineering Ph.D. degrees awarded to women increased from 5 percent in 1958 to 30 percent by 1978, where it has remained during the 1980s. This increase results from a growing number of female Ph.D.s in the life, social and behavioral sciences during the 1970s and 1980s and a leveling off of Ph.D. degrees obtained by men during the same period. Figure 2-98: Ph.D. Degrees Awarded in S&E by Gender Figure 2-99: Distribution of Ph.D. Degrees Awarded in S&E by Gender NOTE: Data series within the figures are not overlapped; top line represents total. DEFINITION OF TERMS: Science and engineering Ph.D degrees are awarded in life sciences, including agricultural, biological, medical, and other health sciences; physical sciences including astronomy, chemistry, and physics; engineering includes aeronautical and astronautical, chemical, civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering; environmental sciences includes oceanography, atmospheric, and earth sciences; mathematics and computer science includes all fields of mathematics and computer-related sciences; and social and other behavioral sciences including economics, political science, psychology, sociology. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Policy Research and Analysis. Database: CASPAR. Some of the data within this database are estimates, incorporated where there are discontinuities within data series or gaps in data collection. Primary data source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS): Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred; National Science Foundation, Division for Science Resources Studies, Survey of Recent Science and Engineering Graduates.

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 Science and Technology in the Academic Enterprise: Status, Trends, and Issues
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The U.S. academic research enterprise is entering a new era characterized by remarkable opportunities and increased strain. This two-part volume integrates the experiential knowledge of group members with quantitative data analyses in order to examine the status of scientific and technological research in academic settings. Part One reviews the status of the current research enterprise, emerging trends affecting it, and issues central to its future. Part Two is an overview of the enterprise and describes long-term trends in financial and human resources. This new book will be useful in stimulating policy discussions—especially among individuals and organizations that fund or perform academic research.

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