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SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING DEGREES. 94 S&E PH.D. DEGREES: GENDER. The share of all science and engineering Ph.D. degrees awarded to women increased from 5 percent in 1958 to 30 percent by 1978, where it has remained during the 1980s. This increase results from a growing number of female Ph.D.s in the life, social and behavioral sciences during the 1970s and 1980s and a leveling off of Ph.D. degrees obtained by men during the same period. Figure 2-98: Ph.D. Degrees Awarded in S&E by Gender Figure 2-99: Distribution of Ph.D. Degrees Awarded in S&E by Gender NOTE: Data series within the figures are not overlapped; top line represents total. DEFINITION OF TERMS: Science and engineering Ph.D degrees are awarded in life sciences, including agricultural, biological, medical, and other health sciences; physical sciences including astronomy, chemistry, and physics; engineering includes aeronautical and astronautical, chemical, civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering; environmental sciences includes oceanography, atmospheric, and earth sciences; mathematics and computer science includes all fields of mathematics and computer-related sciences; and social and other behavioral sciences including economics, political science, psychology, sociology. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Policy Research and Analysis. Database: CASPAR. Some of the data within this database are estimates, incorporated where there are discontinuities within data series or gaps in data collection. Primary data source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS): Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred; National Science Foundation, Division for Science Resources Studies, Survey of Recent Science and Engineering Graduates.