National Academies Press: OpenBook
« Previous: 6 Methods for Assessing National Security Threats
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×

References

2030 Water Resources Group. 2009. Charting our water future: Economic frameworks to inform decision-making. West Perth, Australia: 2030 Water Resources Group.

Abbott, P.C., C. Hurt, and W.E. Tyner. 2008. What’s driving food prices? Farm Foundation. Available: http://www.farmfoundation.org/news/articlefiles/404-FINAL%20WDFP%20REPORT%207-28-08.pdf (accessed August 4, 2012).

Abbott, P.C., C. Hurt, and W.E. Tyner. 2011. What’s driving food prices in 2011? Farm Foundation. Available: http://www.farmfoundation.org/news/articlefiles/1742-FoodPrices_web.pdf (accessed August 4, 2012).

Achen, C.H., and L.M. Bartels. 2004. Blind retrospection: Electoral responses to drought, flu, and shark attacks. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University.

Adams, G., L.T. O’Brien, and J.C. Nelson. 2006. Perceptions of racism in Hurricane Katrina: A liberation psychology analysis. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 6(1):215–235.

Adano, W.R., T. Dietz, K. Witsenburg, and F. Zaal. 2012. Climate change, violent conflict, and local institutions in Kenya’s drylands. Journal of Peace Research 49(1):65–80.

Adger, W.N. 2003. Social capital, collective action, and adaptation to climate change. Economic Geography 79(4):387–404.

Adger, W.N. 2006. Vulnerability. Global Environmental Change 16:268–281.

Adger, W.N., T.P. Hughes, C. Folke, S.R. Carpenter, and J. Rockström. 2005. Social–ecological resilience to coastal disasters. Science 309(5737):1,036–1,039.

Adger, W.N., H. Eakin, and A. Winkels. 2009a. Nested and teleconnected vulnerabilities to environmental change. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7:150–157.

Adger, W.N., I. Lorenzoni, and K.L. O’Brien. 2009b. Adapting to climate change: Thresholds, values, governance. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Afifi, T. 2011. Economic or environmental migration? The push factors in Niger. International Migration 49:e95–e124.

Agarwal, B. 1995. Conceptualizing environmental collective action: Why gender matters. Cambridge Journal of Economics 24:283–310.

Alam, E., and A.E. Collins. 2010. Cyclone disaster vulnerability and response experiences in coastal Bangladesh. Disasters 34(4):931–954.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×

Aldrich, D.P. 2012. Building resilience: Social capital in post-disaster recovery. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Alesina, A., S. Özler, N. Roubini, and P. Swagel. 1996. Political instability and economic growth. Journal of Economic Growth 1(2):189–211.

Alley, R.B., J. Martozke, W.D. Nordhaus, J.T. Overpeck, D.M. Peteet, R.A. Pielke Jr., R.T. Pierrehumbert, P.B. Rhines, T.F. Stocker, L.D. Talley, and J.M. Wallace. 2003. Abrupt climate change. Science 299:2005–2010.

Amery, H.A. 2002. Water wars in the Middle East: A looming threat. Geographical Journal 168(4):313–323.

Ansart, S., C. Pelat, P.-Y. Boelle, F. Carrat, A. Flahault, and A.-J. Valleron. 2009. Mortality burden of the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic in Europe. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 3(3):99–106.

Archer, D.R., and H.J. Fowler. 2004. Spatial and temporal variations in precipitation in the Upper Indus Basin, global teleconnections and hydrological implications. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8(1):47–61.

Arora-Jonsson, S. 2011. Virtue and vulnerability: Discourses on women, gender, and climate change. Global Environmental Change 21:744–751.

Australian Government. 2009. Metrological aspects of the 7 February 2009 Victorian fires, an overview. Bureau of Meteorology Report for the 2009 Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission. Available: http://www.royalcommission.vic.gov.au/getdoc/f1eaba2f-414f-4b24-bcda-d81ff680a061/WIT.013.001.0012.pdf (accessed October 11, 2012).

Ayub, I. 2011. Police seek help over “daily” power riots. Dawn, May 20. Available: http://www.dawn.com/2011/05/20/police-seek-help-over-daily-power-riots.html (accessed October 4, 2012).

Bankoff, G., D. Hilhorst, and G. Frerks. 2004. Mapping vulnerability: Disasters, development and people. London: Earthscan.

Barnett, E.D. 2007. Yellow fever: Epidemiology and prevention. Clinical Infectious Diseases 44(6):850–856.

Barnett, J. 2006. Climate change, insecurity, and justice. Pp. 115–130 in Fairness in adaptation to climate change. W.N. Adger, J. Paavola, M.J. Mace, and S. Huq, Eds. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Barnett, J., and W.N. Adger. 2007. Climate change, human security and violent conflict. Political Geography 26(6):639–655.

Barrett, A.D., and S. Higgs. 2007. Yellow fever: A disease that has yet to be conquered. Annual Review of Entomology 52:209–229.

Barry, J.M. 2005. The great influenza: The story of the deadliest pandemic in history. New York: Penguin Books.

Bates, R. 2008. State failure. Annual Review of Political Science 11:1–12.

Bellemare, M. 2012. Rising food prices, food price volatility, and political unrest. Duke University. Available: http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31888/1/BellemareFoodPricesJune2011.pdf (accessed August 5, 2012).

Benavides-Solorio, J. de D., and L.H. MacDonald. 2005. Measurement and prediction of post-fire erosion at the hillslope scale, Colorado Front Range. International Journal of Wildland Fire 14:1–18.

Benson, C., and E.J. Clay. 2004. Understanding the economic and financial impacts of natural disasters. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Bentz, B. 2008. Western U.S. bark beetles and climate change. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Climate Change Resource Center. Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/ccrc/topics/bark-beetles.shtml (accessed August 5, 2012).

Bergholt, D., and P. Lujala. 2012. Climate related natural disasters, economic growth, and armed civil conflict. Journal of Peace Research 49(1):147–162.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×

Bernauer, T., and T. Siegfried. 2012. Climate change and international water conflict in Central Asia. Journal of Peace Research 49(1):227–240.

Bernauer, T., T. Böhmelt, and V. Koubi. 2012. Environmental changes and violent conflict. Environmental Research Letters 7(1):1–8.

Biermann, F., and I. Boas. 2010. Preparing for a warmer world: Towards a global governance system to protect climate refugees. Global Environmental Politics 10(1):60–88.

Bintanja, R., R.S.W. van de Wal, and J. Oerlemans. 2005. Modelled atmospheric temperatures and global sea levels over the past million years. Nature 437:125–128.

Black, R, W.N. Adger, N.W. Arnell, S. Dercon, A. Geddes, and D.S.G. Thomas. 2011a. Migration and global environmental change. Global Environmental Change 21S:S1-S2.

Black, R., W.N. Adger, N.W. Arnell, S. Dercon, A. Geddes, and D.S.G. Thomas. 2011b. The effect of environmental change on human migration. Global Environmental Change 21(Suppl. 1):S3–S11.

Black, R., S. Bennett, S. Thomas, and R. Beddington. 2011c. Climate change: Adaptation as migration. Nature 478:447–449.

Blaikie, P., T. Cannon, I. Davis, and B. Wisner. 1994. At risk: Natural hazards, people’s vulnerability, and disasters. London, UK: Routledge.

Boëthius, G. 2012. Forging the ties the bind: Comparing the factors behind electricity market integration in the EU and ASEAN. EUC Working Paper No. 6. Singapore: EU Centre in Singapore.

Bolch, T., A. Kulkarni, A. Kääb, C. Huggel, F. Paul, J.G. Cogley, H. Frey, J.S. Kargel, K. Fujita, M. Scheel, S. Bajracharya, and M. Stoffel. 2012. The state and fate of Himalayan glaciers. Science 336(6079):310–314.

Brady, H.E., and D. Collier. (Eds.). 2010. Rethinking social inquiry: Diverse tools, shared standards, 2nd ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.

Brancati, D. 2007. Political aftershocks: The impacts of earthquakes on intrastate conflict. Journal of Conflict Resolution 51(5):715–743.

Breisinger, C., O. Ecker, and P. Al-Riffai. 2011. Economics of the Arab Awakening: From revolution to transformation and food security. IFPRI Policy Brief 18. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.

Brklacich, M., M. Chazan, and H.G. Bohle. 2010. Human security, vulnerability, and global environmental change. Pp. 35–52 in Global environmental change and human security. R. Matthew, J. Barnett, B. McDonald, and K. O’Brien, Eds. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Brooks, N., W.N. Adger, and P.M. Kelly. 2005. The determinants of vulnerability and adaptive capacity at the national level and the implications for adaptation. Global Environmental Change 15:151–163.

Brown, L.R. 2011. When the Nile runs dry. New York Times. June 1.

Buhaug, H., N.P. Gleditsch, and O.M. Theisen. 2010. Implications of climate change for armed conflict. Pp. 75–102 in Social dimensions of climate change: Equity and vulnerability in a warming world. R. Mearns and A. Norton, Eds. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Bulloch, J., and A. Darwish. 1993. Water wars: Coming conflicts in the Middle East. London, UK: St. Edmundsbury Press.

Burkett, V. 2011. Global climate change implications for coastal and offshore oil and gas development. Energy Policy 39(12):7719–7725.

Busby, J.W. 2007. Climate change and national security: An agenda for action. New York: Council on Foreign Relations.

Butler, C.K., and S. Gates. 2012. African range wars: Climate, conflict, and property rights. Journal of Peace Research 49(1):23–34.

Butzer, K.W. 2012. Collapse, environment, and society. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109:3628–3631.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×

Butzer, K.W., and G.H. Endfield. 2012. Critical perspectives on historical collapse. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109:3628–3631.

Cannon, T. 1993. A hazard need not a disaster make: Vulnerability and the causes of “natural disasters.” Pp. 92–105 in Natural disasters: Protecting vulnerable communities. P.A. Merriman and C.W.A. Browitt, Eds. New York: Thomas Telford.

Cannon, T. 1994. Vulnerability analysis and the explanation of “natural” disasters. Pp. 13–30 in Disasters, development, and environment. A. Varley, Ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Cannon, T. 2000. Vulnerability analysis and disasters. Pp. 45–55 in Floods. D.J. Parker, Ed. New York: Routledge.

Carmen, H.E., C. Parthemore, and W. Rogers. 2010. Broadening horizons: Climate change and the U.S. Armed Forces. Washington, DC: Center for a New American Security.

Carroll, A.L., S.W. Taylor, J. Regniere, and L. Safranyik. 2003. Effect of climate change on range expansion by the mountain pine beetle in British Columbia. Pp. 223–232 in Mountain pine beetle symposium: Challenges and solutions. Information Report No. BC-X-399. T.L. Shore, J.E. Brooks, and J.E. Stone, Eds. Victoria, Canada: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre.

Carter, M., P. Little, T. Mogues, and W. Negatu. 2007. Poverty traps and natural disasters in Ethiopia and Honduras. World Development 35(5):835–856.

Center for Climate and Energy Solutions. 2009. National security implications of global climate change. Arlington, VA: Center for Climate and Energy Solutions.

Center for Naval Analysis. 2007. National security and the threat of climate change. Alexandria, VA: CNA Corporation.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009. Seasonal influenza. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/flu/ (accessed October 4, 2012).

Chatterji, M., S. Arlosoroff, and G. Guha. (Eds.). 2002. Conflict management of water resources. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.

Chen, P.–S., F.T. Tsai, C.K. Lin, C.-Y. Yang, C.-C. Chan, C.-Y. Young, and C.-H. Lee. 2010. Ambient influenza and avian influenza virus during dust storm days and background days. Environmental Health Perspectives 118(9):1211–1216.

Ciezadlo, A. 2011. Let them eat bread: how food subsidies prevent (and provoke) revolutions in the Middle East. Pp. 229–235 in The new Arab revolt: What happened, what it means, and what comes next. New York: Council on Foreign Relations.

Clinton, W.J. 1996. Presidential decision directive NSTC-7. Washington, DC: The White House.

Collins, A.E. 2011. Disaster and development. New York: Routledge.

Collins, M. 2000. Understanding uncertainties in the response of ENSO to greenhouse warming. Geophysical Research Letters 27(21):3,500–3,512.

Confalonieri, U., B. Menne, R. Akhtar, K.L. Ebi, M. Hauengue, R.S. Kovats, B. Revich, and A. Woodward. 2007. Human health. Pp. 391–431 in Climate change 2007: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden, and C.E. Hanson, Eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Connor, D. 2012. Hard drive prices rise due to Thai floods. InformationWeek. Available: http://www.informationweek.com/storage/data-protection/hard-drive-prices-rise-due-to-thai-flood/232301534 (accessed October 4, 2012).

Cooley, J.K. 1984. The war over water. Foreign Policy 54:3–26.

Coppola, D.P. 2011. Introduction to international disaster management, 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Cuny, F.C. 1983. Disasters and development. New York: Oxford University Press.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×

Cutter, S., and C. Finch. 2008. Temporal and spatial changes in social vulnerability to natural hazards. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105:2,301–2,306.

Cutter, S.L., B.J. Boruff, and W.L. Shirley. 2003. Social vulnerability to environmental hazards. Social Science Quarterly 84(2):242–261.

Dai, A., K.E. Trenberth, and T.R. Karl. 1998. Global variations in droughts and wet spells: 1900–1995. Geophysical Research Letters 25(17):3,367–3,370.

Davis, M. 2002. Late Victorian holocausts: El Niño famines and the making of the third world. New York: Verso.

Dawe, D. 2008. Have recent increases in international cereal prices been transmitted to domestic economies? The experience in seven large Asian countries. ESA Working Paper No. 08-03. Food and Agriculture Organization. Available: ftp://ftp.fao.org/es/esa/esawp/ESAWP_08_03.pdf (accessed August 10, 2012).

Dawn. 2011. IRSA urges provinces to conserve water. Dawn, July 18. Available: http://dawn.com/2011/07/18/irsa-urges-provinces-to-conserve-water/ (accessed August 5, 2012).

De Graaf, R., and R. Van Der Brugge. 2010. Transforming water infrastructure by linking water management and urban renewal in Rotterdam. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 77(8):1282–1291.

De Sherbinin, A., A. Schiller, and A. Pulsipher. 2007. The vulnerability of global cities to climate hazards. Environment and Urbanization 19(1):39–64.

De Stefano, L., J. Duncan, S. Dinar, K. Stahl, K.M. Strzepek, and A.T. Wolf. 2012. Climate change and the institutional resilience of international river basins. Journal of Peace Research 49(1):193–209.

Defense Science Board. 2011. Trends and implications of climate change for national and international security. Washington, DC: Department of Defense.

Dell, M., B.F. Jones, and B.A. Olken. 2012. Temperature shocks and economic growth: Evidence from the last half century. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 4(3):66–95.

Denton, F. 2002. Climate change vulnerability, impacts, and adaptation: Why does gender matter? Gender and Development 10(2):10–20.

Diamond, J.M. 2005. Collapse: How societies choose to fail or succeed. New York: Viking Press.

Drury, A.C., and R.S. Olson. 1998. Disasters and political unrest: An empirical investigation. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 6:153–161.

du Prel, J.B., W. Puppe, B. Grondahl, M. Knuf, F. Weigl, F. Schaaf, and H.J. Schmitt. 2009. Are meteorological parameters associated with acute respiratory tract infections? Clinical Infectious Diseases 49(6):861–868.

Eakin, H., and A.L. Luers. 2006. Assessing the vulnerability of social–environmental systems. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 31:365–394.

Easterling, D.R., and M.F. Wehner. 2009. Is the climate warming or cooling? Geophysical Research Letters 36:L08706.

Elhance, A.P. 1999. Hydropolitics in the third world: Conflict and cooperation in international river basins. Washington, DC: U.S. Institute of Peace.

Enarson, E. 1998. Through women’s eyes: A gendered research agenda for disaster social science. Disasters 22(2):157–173.

Enarson, E. 2012. Women in disaster. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press.

Express Tribune. 2012. Loadshedding: Protesters attack PML–Q MNA’s house in Kamalia. The Express Tribune, June 19. Available: http://tribune.com.pk/story/395929/loadshedding-protesters-attack-mnas-house-in-kamalia/ (accessed August 6, 2012).

Fagan, B. 2009. Floods, famines, and emperors: El Niño and the fate of civilizations. New York: Basic Books.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×

Famine Early Warning Systems Network. 2008. Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) markets and trade strategy for 2005–2010. Available: http://www.fews.net/docs/special/FEWSNETMarketandTradeStrategy2005-2010.pdf (accessed July 10, 2012).

Feely, R.A., T. Takahashi, R. Wanninkhof, M.J. McPhaden, C.E. Cosca, S.C. Sutherland, and M.-E. Carr. 2006. Decadal variability of the air–sea CO2 fluxes in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 111. doi:10.1029/2005JC003129.

Feitelson, E., A. Tamimi, and G. Rosenthal. 2012. Climate change and security in the Israeli– Palestinian conflict. Journal of Peace Research 49(1):241–257.

Finch, C., C.T. Emrich, and S.L. Cutter. 2010. Disaster disparities and differential recovery in New Orleans. Population and Environment 31(4):179–202.

Fingar, T. 2008. National intelligence assessment on the national security implications of global climate change to 2030: Statement for the record of Dr. Thomas Fingar. Before the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the Select Committee on Energy Dependence and Global Warming, House of Representatives. Washington, DC. June 25. Available: http://media.npr.org/documents/2008/jun/warming_intelligence.pdf (accessed August 10, 2012).

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2012. FAOSTAT. Available: http://faostat.fao.org (accessed August 10, 2012).

Foresight. 2011. Migration and global environmental change: Future challenges and opportunities. Final project report. London, UK: Government Office for Science. Available: http://www.bis.gov.uk/assets/foresight/docs/migration/11-1116-migration-and-global-environmental-change.pdf (accessed October 4, 2012).

Foster, G., and S. Rahmstorf. 2011. Global temperature evolution 1979–2010. Environmental Research Letters 6(4). doi:10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/044022.

Fuller, T. 2011. Thailand flooding cripples hard-drive suppliers. New York Times, November 7.

Fuller, T. 2012. As Myanmar changes, so does its leader. New York Times, April 3.

Füssel, H.-M. 2007. Vulnerability: A generally applicable conceptual framework for climate change research. Global Environmental Change 17(2):155–167.

Gaillard, J. 2010. Vulnerability, capacity and resilience: Perspectives for climate and developmental policy. Journal of International Development 22:218–232.

Gardner, C.L., and K.D. Ryman. 2010. Yellow fever: A reemerging threat. Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 30(1):237–260.

Garrard-Burnett, V. 2009. Under God’s thumb: The 1976 Guatemala earthquake. Chapter 6 in Aftershocks: Earthquakes and popular politics in Latin America. J. Buchenau and L.L. Johnson, Eds. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press.

Gasper, J.T., and A. Reeves. 2011. Make it rain? Retrospection and the attentive electorate in the context of natural disasters. American Journal of Political Science 55(2):340–355.

Gawronski, V., and R.S. Olson. 2000. “Special” versus “normal” time corruption: An exploration of Mexican attitudes. Cambridge Review of International Affairs 14:345–361.

Gawronski, V., and R.S. Olson. 2013. Disasters as crisis triggers for critical junctures? The 1976 Guatemala case. Latin American Politics and Society 55(2).

Gemenne, F. 2011. Why the numbers don’t add up: A review of estimates and predictions of people displaced by environmental changes. Global Environmental Change 21(Suppl. 1):S41–S49.

George, A.L. 1991. Avoiding war: Problems of crisis management. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

George, A.L., and A. Bennett. 2005. Case studies and theory development in the social sciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×

Ghumman, M. 2012a. IRSA prefers irrigation to power generation: 21 percent water shortage in Kharif estimated. Business Recorder, March 27. Available: http://www.brecorder.com/index.php?option=com_news&view=single&id=1169177 (accessed August 5, 2012).

Ghumman, M. 2012b. Power shortfall crosses 8,000mw mark. Business Recorder, June 17. Available: http://www.brecorder.com/top-news/1-front-top-news/62631-power-shortfall-crosses-8000mw-mark-.html (accessed August 5, 2012).

Giordano, M., M. Giordano, and A. Wolf. 2002. The geography of water conflict and cooperation: Internal pressures and international manifestations. Geographical Journal 168:293–312.

Gleason, K.L., J.H. Lawrimore, D.H. Levinson, T.R. Karl, and D.J. Karoly. 2008. A revised U.S. climate extremes index. Journal of Climate 21(10):2,124–2,137. Available: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/2007JCLI1883.1 (accessed November 15, 2012).

Gleditsch, N.P. 2012. Whither the weather? Climate change and conflict. Journal of Peace Research 49(1):3–9.

Gleditsch, N.P., H. Buhaug, and O.M. Theisen. 2011. Climate change and armed conflict. Revised version of a paper prepared for the Department of Energy/Environmental Protection Agency Workshop on Research on Climate Change Impacts and Associated Economic Damages, January 27–28, Washington, DC.

Global Climate Observing System. 2010. Implementation plan for the Global Climate Observing System for climate in support of the UNFCCC. Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Organization. Available: http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/gcos/Publications/gcos-138.pdf (accessed August 6, 2012).

Goldstein, J.A. 2011. Winning the war on war: The decline of armed conflict worldwide. New York: Dutton.

Goldstone, J.A. 2012. Forecasting political instability: PITF history and approach. Briefing to the Committee on Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change on Social and Political Stresses, March 2, Washington, DC.

Goldstone, J.A., R.H. Bates, D.L. Epstein, R.T. Gurr, M.B. Lustik, M.G. Marshall, J. Ulfelder, and M. Woodward. 2010. A global model for forecasting political instability. American Journal of Political Science 54(1):190–208.

Gotham, K.F., and R. Campanella. 2011. Coupled vulnerability and resilience: The dynamics of cross-scale interactions in post-Katrina New Orleans. Ecology and Society 16(3):12.

Gould, E.A., and S. Higgs. 2009. Impact of climate change and other factors on emerging arbovirus diseases. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 103(2):109–121.

Government of Pakistan. 2012. Pakistan economic survey, 2011–2012. Islamabad: Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Finance. Available: http://finance.gov.pk/survey_1112.html (accessed October 4, 2012).

Gupta, E. 2008. Oil vulnerability index of oil-importing countries. Energy Policy 36:1,195–1,211.

Hamilton, J.D. 2003. What is an oil shock? Journal of Econometrics 113(2):363–398.

Hamilton, J.D. 2008. Oil and the macroeconomy. In The new Palgrave dictionary of economics, 2nd ed. S. Durlauf and L. Blume, Eds. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Available: http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_E000233 (accessed October 10, 2012)

Hansen, J.E., and M. Sato. 2012. Paleoclimate implications for human-made climate change. Pp. 21–48 in Climate change: Inferences from paleoclimate and regional aspects. A. Berger, F. Mesinger, and D. Sijack, Eds. Vienna, Austria: Springer.

Hansen, J., R. Ruedy, M. Sato, and K. Lo. 2010. Global surface temperature change. Reviews of Geophysics 48:RG4004. doi:10.1029/2010RG000345.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×

Hansen, J., M. Sato, and R. Ruedy. 2012. Perception of climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109(37):E2415–E2423. Available: http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1205276109 (accessed October 4, 2012).

Hanson, S., R. Nicholls, N. Ranger, S. Hallegatte, J. Corfee-Morlot, C. Herweijer, and J. Chateau. 2011. A global ranking of port cities with high exposure to climate extremes. Climatic Change 104:89–111.

Haque, U., M. Hashizume, K.N. Kolivras, H.J. Overgaard, B. Das, and T. Yamamoto. 2012. Reduced death rate from cyclones in Bangladesh: What more needs to be done? Bulletin of the World Health Organization 90(2):150–156.

Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute. 2012. Social vulnerability index for the United States: 20062012. Department of Geography, University of South Carolina. Available: http://webra.cas.sc.edu/hvri/products/sovi.aspx (accessed October 15, 2012).

Healy, A., and N. Malhotra. 2009. Myopic voters and natural disaster policy. American Political Science Review 103(3):387–406.

Hendrix, C.S., and I. Salehyan. 2012. Climate change, rainfall, and social conflict in Africa. Journal of Peace Research 49(1):35–50.

Herweijer, C., and R. Seager. 2008. The global footprint of persistent extra-tropical drought in the instrumental era. International Journal of Climatology 28(13):1,761–1,774. DOI:10.1002/joc.1590. Available: http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/div/ocp/pub/herweijer/Herweijer_Seager_IJC.pdf (accessed October 4, 2012).

Hewitt, J.J., J. Wilkenfeld, and T.R. Gurr. 2012. Peace and conflict 2012. Boulder, CO: Paradigm.

Hewitt, K. 2005. The Karakoram anomaly? Glacier expansion and the “elevation effect,” Karakoram Himalaya. Mountain Research and Development 25(4):332–340.

Hodell, D.A., J.H. Curtis, and M. Brenner. 1995. Possible role of climate in the collapse of Classic Maya civilization. Nature 375:391–394.

Homer-Dixon, T. 1991. On the threshold: Environmental changes as causes of acute conflict. International Security 16(2):76–116.

Homer-Dixon, T. 1994. Environmental scarcities and violent conflict: Evidence from cases. International Security 19(1):5–40.

Homer-Dixon, T. 1996. Strategies for studying causation in complex ecological–political systems. Journal of Environmental Development 5(2):132–148.

Homer-Dixon, T. 1999. Environment, scarcity, and violence. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Homer-Dixon, T. 2007. Terror in the weather forecast. New York Times, April 24.

Hsiang, S.M., K.T. Meng, and M.A. Cane. 2011. Civil conflicts are associated with the global climate. Nature 476:438–441.

Hugo, G. 2011. Future demographic change and its interactions with migration and climate change. Global Environmental Change 21(Suppl. 1):S21–S33.

Hurrell, J.W., G.A. Meehl, D. Bader, T.L. Delworth, B. Kirtman, and B. Wielicki. 2009. A unified modeling approach to climate system prediction. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 90(12):1819–1832.

Hurrell, J.W., T.L. Delworth, G. Danagasoglu, H. Drange, K. Drinkwater, S. Griffies, N.J. Holbrook, B. Kirtman, N. Keenlyside, M. Latif, J. Marotzke, J. Murphy, G.A. Meehl, T. Palmer, H. Pohlmann, T. Rosati, R. Seager, D. Smith, R. Sutton, A. Timmermann, K.E. Trenberth, J. Tribbia, and M. Visbeck. 2010. Decadal climate prediction: Opportunities and challenges. Proceedings of OceanObs’09. Available: https://abstracts.congrex.com/scripts/jmevent/abstracts/FCXNL-09A02a-1661836-1-cwp3b03.pdf (accessed October 4, 2012).

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×

Ianchovichina, E., J. Ludger-Loening, and C.A. Wood. 2012. How vulnerable are Arab countries to global food price shocks? World Bank Working Paper No. 6018. Available: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2031389 (accessed October 4, 2012).

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2007. Climate change 2007: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2012. Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation. Special report of working groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. C.B. Field, V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley, Eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

International Institute for Strategic Studies. 2011. The IISS transatlantic dialogue on climate change and security: Report to the European Commission. London, UK: International Institute for Strategic Studies.

Jafrani, N. 2010. Pakistani water crisis: Concerns about regional stability and conflict. Center for Strategic and International Studies. May 10. Available: http://csis.org/blog/pakistani-water-crisis-concerns-about-regional-stability-and-conflict (accessed August 10, 2012).

Jamasb, T., and M.G. Pollitt. 2005. Electricity market reform in the European Union: Review of progress towards liberalisation and integration. Working Paper No. 05-003. Cambridge, MA: MIT Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research.

Johnson, S. 2011. Climate and catastrophe in Cuba and the Atlantic world in the age of revolution. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

Johnstone, S., and J. Mazo. 2011. Global warming and the Arab Spring. Survival 53(2):11–17.

Jones, C.D., M. Collins, P.M. Cox, and S.A. Spall. 2001. The carbon cycle response to ENSO: A coupled climate–carbon cycle model study. Journal of Climate 14(21):4113–4129.

Juneja, S. 2008. Disasters and poverty: The risk nexus: A review of literature. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. Available: http://ebookbrowse.com/juneja-disasters-and-poverty-the-risk-nexus-doc-d191326079 (accessed August 10, 2012).

Kahl, C.H. 2006. States, scarcity, and civil strife in the developing world. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Kahn, M.E. 2005. The death toll from natural disasters: The role of income, geography, and institutions. Review of Economics and Statistics 87(2):271–284.

Kasperson, R.E., and J.X. Kasperson. 2001. Climate change, vulnerability and social justice. Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm Environment Institute.

Keesing, F., L.K. Belden, P. Daszak, A. Dobson, C.D. Harvell, R.D. Holt, P. Hudson, A. Jolles, K.E. Jones, C.E. Mitchell, S.S. Myers, T. Bogich, and R.S. Ostfeld. 2010. Impacts of biodiversity on the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases. Nature 468:647–652.

Keller, E.J. 1992. Drought, war, and the politics of famine in Ethiopia and Eritrea. Journal of Modern African Studies 30(4):609–624.

Keskitalo, E. 2009. Governance in vulnerability assessment: The role of globalising decision-making networks in determining local vulnerability and adaptive capacity. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 14(2):185–201.

Kim, N. 2012. How much more exposed are the poor to natural disasters? Global and regional measurement. Disasters 36(2):195–211.

King, G., R.O. Keohane, and S. Verba. 1994. Designing social inquiry: Scientific inference in qualitative research. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Koubi, V., T. Bernauer, A. Kalbhenn, and G. Spilker. 2012. Climate variability, economic growth, and civil conflict. Journal of Peace Research 49(1):113–127.

Kovats, R.S., and S. Hajat. 2008. Heat stress and public health: A critical review. Annual Review of Public Health 29:41–55.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×

Lagi, M., K.Z. Bertrand, and Y. Bar-Yam. 2011. The food crises and political instability in North Africa and the Middle East. Available: http://arxiv.org/pdf/1108.2455v1.pdf (accessed October 4, 2012).

Latif, M., T.L. Delworth, D. Dommenget, H. Drange, W. Hazeleger, J.W. Hurrell, N. Keenlyside, G.A. Meehl, and R.T. Sutton. 2010. Dynamics of decadal variability and implications for its prediction. Proceedings of OceanObs’09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society. Available: http://www.oceanobs09.net/proceedings/cwp/Latif-OceanObs09.cwp.53.pdf (accessed October 4, 2012).

Lau, W.K.M., and K.-M. Kim. 2012. The 2010 Pakistan flood and Russian heat wave: Tele-connection of hydrometeorological extremes. Journal of Hydrometeorology 13:392–403.

Lee, J.R. 2009. Climate change and armed conflict: Hot and cold wars. New York: Routledge.

Leichenko, R.M., and K.L. O’Brien. 2008. Environmental change and globalization: Double exposures. New York: Oxford University Press.

Lennon, A.T.J., J. Gulledge, J.R. McNeill, J. Podesta, P. Ogden, L. Fuerth, R.J. Woolsey, J. Smith, R. Weitz, and D. Mix. 2007. The age of consequences: The foreign policy and national security implications of global climate change. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies.

Lenton, T.M., H. Held, E. Kriegler, J.W. Hall, W. Lucht, S. Rahmstorf, and H.J. Schellnhuber. 2008. Tipping elements in the Earth’s climate system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105:1,786–1,793.

Levy, J.S., and W.R. Thompson. 2010. Causes of war. Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons.

Lilleør, H.B., and K. Van den Broeck. 2011. Economic drivers of migration and climate change in LDCs. Global Environmental Change 21(Suppl. 1):S70–S81.

Lindgren, E., Y. Andersson, J.E. Suk, B. Sudre, and J.C. Semenza. 2012. Monitoring EU emerging infectious disease risk due to climate change. Science 336:418–419.

Liverman, D.M. 1990. Drought impacts in Mexico: Climate, agriculture, technology, and land tenure in Sonora and Puebla. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 80(1):49–72.

London Climate Change Partnership. 2006. Adapting to climate change: Lessons from London. London, UK: Greater London Authority.

Malhotra, N., and A.G. Kuo. 2008. Attributing blame: The public’s response to Hurricane Katrina. Journal of Politics 70(1):120–135.

Marten, K. 2010. Failing states and conflict. Pp. 2012–2022 in The international studies encyclopedia. R.A. Denemark, Ed. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.

Marty, F. 2001. Managing international rivers: Problems, politics, and institutions. Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang.

Mastrandrea, M.D., C.B. Field, T.F. Stocker, O. Edenhofer, K.L. Ebi, D.J. Frame, H. Held, E. Kriegler, K.J. Mach, P.R. Matschoss, G.-K. Plattner, G.W. Yohe, and F.W. Zwiers. 2010. Guidance note for lead authors of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report on Consistent Treatment of Uncertainties. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Available: http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/supporting-material/uncertainty-guidance-note.pdf (accessed September 24, 2012).

McCalla, R.B. 1992. Uncertain perceptions: U.S. Cold War crisis decision making. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

McLeman, R., and B. Smit. 2006. Migration as an adaptation to climate change. Climatic Change 76:31–53.

Mearian, L. 2011. Impact of hard drive shortage to linger through 2013. Computerworld. December 9. Available: http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9222522/Impact_of_hard_drive_shortage_to_linger_through_2013 (accessed October 4, 2012).

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×

Meehl, G.A., T.F. Stocker, W.D. Collins, P. Friedlingstien, A.T. Gaye, J.M. Gregory, A. Kitoh, R. Knutti, J.M. Murphy, A. Noda, S.C.B. Raper, I.G. Watterson, A.J. Weaver, and Z.-C. Zhao. 2007. Global climate projections. Pp. 747–845 in Climate Change 2007. The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, S.Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H.L. Miller, Eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Meehl, G.A., C. Tebaldi, G. Walton, D. Easterling, and L. McDaniel. 2009. Relative increase of record high maximum temperatures compared to record low minimum temperatures in the U.S. Geophysical Research Letters 36:L23701–L23705.

Meehl, G.A., J.M. Arblaster, J.T. Fasullo, A. Hu, and K.E. Trenberth. 2011. Model-based evidence of deep-ocean heat uptake during surface-temperature hiatus periods. Nature Climate Change 1(7):360–364.

Michel, D. 2009. A river runs through it: Climate change, security challenges, and shared water resources. Pp. 73–103 in Troubled waters: Climate change, hydropolitics, and transboundary resources. D. Michel and A. Pandya, Eds. Washington, DC: Henry L. Stimson Center.

Munich Reinsurance Company. 2012. Natural catastrophes 2011. Available: http://www.munichre.com/app_pages/www/@res/pdf/media_relations/press_releases/2012/2012_01_04_munich_re_natural-catastrophes-2011_en.pdf?2 (accessed September 27, 2012).

Murray, V., G. McBean, M. Bhatt, S. Borsch, T.S. Cheong, W.F. Erian, S. Llosa, F. Nadim, M. Nunez, R. Oyun, and A.G. Suarez. 2012: Case studies. Pp. 487–542 in Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation. A special report of working groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. C.B. Field, V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley, Eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. 2012. Datasets and images. Global annual mean surface air temperature change. Available: http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v3/ (accessed August 15, 2012).

National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2012. GISS surface temperature analysis. Available: http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/tabledata_v3/GLB.Ts+dSST.txt (accessed September 20, 2012).

National Research Council. 1992. Global environmental change: Understanding the human dimensions. Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change. P.C. Stern, O.R. Young, and D. Druckman, Eds. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

National Research Council. 1999. Human dimensions of global environmental change: Research pathways for the next decade. Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change and Committee on Global Change Research. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

National Research Council. 2001. Under the weather: Climate, ecosystems, and infectious diseases. Committee on Climate, Ecosystems, Infectious Diseases, and Human Health. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

National Research Council. 2002. Abrupt climate change: Inevitable surprises. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

National Research Council. 2006. Facing hazards and disasters: Understanding human dimensions. Committee on Disaster Research in the Social Sciences: Future Challenges and Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

National Research Council. 2009. Informing decisions in a changing climate. Panel on Strategies and Methods for Climate-Related Decision Support. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×

National Research Council. 2010a. Advancing the science of climate change. Panel on Advancing the Science of Climate Change. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

National Research Council. 2010b. Monitoring climate change impacts: Metrics at the intersection of the human and earth systems. Committee on Indicators for Understanding Global Climate Change. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

National Research Council. 2010c. Adapting to the impacts of climate change. Panel on Adapting to the Impacts of Climate Change. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

National Research Council. 2010d. Verifying greenhouse gas emissions: Methods to support international climate agreements. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

National Research Council. 2011a. Climate stabilization targets: Emissions, concentrations, and impacts for decades to millennia. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

National Research Council. 2011b. National security implications of climate change for U.S. naval forces. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

National Research Council. 2012a. A review of the U.S. Global Change Research Program’s strategic plan. Committee to Advise the U.S. Global Change Research Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

National Research Council. 2012b. Climate change: Evidence, impacts, and choices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

National Research Council. 2012c. Himalayan glaciers: Climate change, water resources, and water security. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

Natsios, A.S. 1995. NGOs and the UN system in complex humanitarian emergencies: Conflict or cooperation? Third World Quarterly 16(3):405–419.

Naylor, R.L., and W.P. Falcon. 2010. Food security in an era of economic volatility. Population and Development Review 36(4):693–723.

Nel, P., and M. Righarts. 2008. Natural disaster and the risk of violent civil conflict. International Studies Quarterly 52(1):159–185.

Neumeyer, E., and F. Barthel. 2011. Normalizing economic loss from natural disasters: A global analysis. Global Environmental Change 21:13–24.

Neumeyer, E., and T. Plümper. 2007. The gendered nature of natural disasters: The impact of catastrophic events on the gender gap in life expectancy, 1981–2002. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 97(3):551–566.

News International. 2012. Faisalabad traders launch civil disobedience movement. News International, April 25.

Nizamani, A., F. Rauf, and A.H. Khoso. 1998. Case study: Pakistan: population and water resources. In Water and population dynamics: Case studies and policy implication. A. de Sherbinin and V. Dompka, Eds. New York: American Association for the Advancement of Science. Available: http://www.aaas.org/international/ehn/waterpop/paki.htm (accessed October 4, 2012).

Nordås, R., and N.P. Gleditsch. 2007. Climate change and conflict. Political Geography 26(6):627–638.

Nur, A., and D. Burgess. 2008. Apocalypse: Earthquakes, archaeology, and the wrath of God. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Ó Gráda, C. 2009. Famine: A short history. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Ó Gráda, C. 2011. Famines past, famine’s future. Development and Change 42(1):49–69.

O’Brien, K., and R. Leichenko. 2007. Human security, vulnerability, and sustainable adaptation. New York: United Nations Development Programme. Available: http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2007-8/papers/O’Brien_Karen%20and%20Leichenko_Robin.pdf (accessed August 10, 2012).

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×

O’Brien, K., R. Leichenko, U. Kelkar, and H. Venema. 2004. Mapping vulnerability to multiple stressors: Climate change and globalization in India. Global Environmental Change 14(4):303–313.

O’Brien, K.L., B. Hayward, and F. Berkes. 2009. Rethinking social contracts: Building resilience in a changing climate. Ecology and Society 14(2):12.

Office of the Director of National Intelligence. 2012. Global water security: Intelligence community assessment. Washington, DC: Office of the Director of National Intelligence.

Olson, R.S. 2000. Toward a politics of disaster: Losses, values, agendas, and blame. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 18:265–287.

Olson, R.S., and V.T. Gawronski. 2003. Disasters as critical junctures? Managua, Nicaragua 1972 and Mexico City 1985. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 21(1):5–35.

Olson, R.S., and V.T. Gawronski. 2010. From disaster event to political crisis: A “5C+A” framework for analysis. International Studies Perspectives 11(3):1–17.

Omelicheva, M. 2011. Natural disasters: Triggers of political instability? International Interactions 37(4):441–465.

Osman-Elasha, B. 2009. Women…In the shadow of climate change. UN Chronicle 46(3/4):54–55.

Paavola, J. 2008. Livelihoods, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in Morogoro, Tanzania. Environmental Science and Policy 11:642–654.

Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency. 2011. Inter-provincial water issues in Pakistan. Draft background paper. January. Available: http://www.pildat.org/publications/publication/WaterR/Inter-ProvincialWaterIssuesinPakistan-BackgroundPaper.pdf (accessed September 25, 2012).

Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority. 2011. Hydro potential in Pakistan. Available: http://www.wapda.gov.pk/pdf/BroHydpwrPotialApril2011.pdf (accessed October 4, 2012).

Parliament of Victoria. 2010. 2009 Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission, summary report, Volume 2. Government Printer for the State of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia. Available: http://www.royalcommission.vic.gov.au/finaldocuments/summary/PF/VBRC_Summary_PF.pdf (accessed October 11, 2012).

Parry, M., N. Arnell, P. Berry, D. Dodman, S. Fankhauser, C. Hope, S. Kovats, R. Nicholls, D. Satterthwaite, R. Tiffin, and T. Wheeler. 2009. Assessing the costs of adaptation to climate change: A review of the UNFCCC and other recent estimates. London, UK: International Institute for Environment and Development and Imperial College of London, Grantham Institute for Climate Change.

Paskal, C. 2010. The vulnerability of energy infrastructure to environmental change. China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly 8(2):149–163.

Patrick, S. 2007. “Failed” states and global security: Empirical questions and policy dilemmas. International Studies Review 9:644–662.

Patterson, K.D., and G.F. Pyle. 1991. The geography and mortality of the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 65:4–21.

Perch-Nielsen, S.L., M. Bättig, and D. Imboden. 2008. Exploring the link between climate change and migration. Climatic Change 91:375–393.

Peterson, T.C., P.A. Stott, and S. Herring. 2012. Explaining extreme events of 2011 from a climate perspective. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 93:1,041–1,067.

Phillips, B.D. 2009. Disaster recovery. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor and Francis Group.

Phillips, B.D., D.M. Neal, and G.R. Webb. 2011. Introduction to emergency management. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor and Francis Group.

Pinker, S. 2011. The better angels of our nature: Why violence has declined. New York: Viking Adult.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×

Poggione, S., V.T. Gawronski, G. Hoberman, and R.S. Olson. 2012. Public response to disaster response: Applying the “5C+A” framework to El Salvador 2001 and Peru 2007. International Studies Perspectives 13:195–210.

Polsky, C., R. Neff, and B. Yarnal. 2007. Building comparable global change vulnerability assessments: The vulnerability scoping diagram. Global Environmental Change 17: 472–485.

Postel, S. 1999. Pillar of sand: Can the irrigation miracle last? New York: Worldwatch Institute/Norton.

Raleigh, C., and D. Kniveton. 2012. Come rain or shine: An analysis of conflict and climate variability in East Africa. Journal of Peace Research 49(1):51–64.

Rayner, P.J., I.G. Enting, R.J. Francey, and R. Langenfelds. 1999. Reconstructing the recent carbon cycle from atmospheric CO2, ?13C and O2/N2 observations. Tellus 51(2):213–232.

Remans, W. 1995. Water and war. Hum Völkerr 8(1):4–14.

Renaud, F.G., O. Dun, K. Warner, and J. Bogardi. 2011. A decision framework for environmentally induced migration. International Migration 49(Suppl. 1):e6–e29.

Reser, J.P., and J.K. Swim. 2011. Adapting to and coping with the threat and impacts of climate change. American Psychologist 66(4):277–289.

Reuveny, R. 2007. Climate change–induced migration and violent conflict. Political Geography 26(6):656–673.

Rogers, D.J., A.J. Wilson, S.I. Hay, and A.J. Graham. 2006. The global distribution of yellow fever and dengue. Advances in Parasitology 62:181–220.

Royal Society. 2009. Geoengineering the climate: Science, governance and uncertainty. London, UK: The Royal Society.

Russell, K.L., J. Rubenstein, R.L. Burke, K.G. Vest, M.C. Johns, J.L. Sanchez, W. Meyer, M. Fukuda, and D.L. Blazes. 2011. The Global Emerging Infection Surveillance and Response System (GEIS), a U.S. government tool for improved global biosurveillance: A review of 2009. BMC Public Health 11(Suppl. 2):S2.

Sachs, J. 2005. The end of poverty: Economic possibilities of our time. New York: Penguin Books.

Sachs, J. 2007. Climate change refugees. Scientific American 296(6):43.

Saifuddin, Y. 2012. Energy crisis: PM refrains from giving deadline. Express Tribune. June 28. Available: http://tribune.com.pk/story/400633/energy-crisis-pm-refrains-from-giving-deadline (accessed September 25, 2012).

Salehyan, I. 2008. From climate change to conflict? No consensus yet. Journal of Peace Research 45(3):315–326.

Santer, B.D., C. Mears, C. Doutriauxl P. Caldwell, P.J. Gleckler, T.M.L. Wigley, S. Solomon, N.P. Gillett, D. Ivanova, T.R. Karl, J.R. Lanzante, G.A. Meehl, P.A. Stott, K.E. Taylor, P.W. Thorne, M.F. Wehner, and F.J. Wentz. 2011. Separating signal and noise in atmospheric temperature changes: The importance of timescale. Journal of Geophysical Research 116:D22105.

Satterthwaite, D., S. Huq, M. Pelling, H. Reid, and P. Romero-Lankao. 2007. Building climate change resilience in urban areas and among urban populations in low- and middle-income nations. Center for Sustainable Urban Development. Available: http://csud.ei.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/Final%20Papers/Week%202/Week2_Climate_IIED.pdf (accessed August 10, 2012).

Schaeffer, B., B. Mondet, and S. Touzeau. 2008. Using a climate-dependent model to predict mosquito abundance: Application to Aedes (Stegomyia) africanus and Aedes (Dicero-myia) furcifer (Diptera: Culicidae). Infection, Genetics and Evolution 8:422–432.

Schaeffer, R., A.S. Szklo, B.S. M.C. Borba, L.P.P. Nogueira, F.P. Fleming, A. Troccoli, M. Harrison, and M.S. Boulahya. 2012. Energy sector vulnerability to climate change: A review. Energy 38:1–12.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×

Scheffran, J., M. Brzoska, J. Kominek, P.M. Link, and J. Schilling. 2012. Climate change and violent conflict. Science 336(6083):869–871.

Self, S. 2006. The effects and consequences of very large explosive volcanic eruptions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 364:2,073–2,097.

Sen, A. 1981. Poverty and famines. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.

Sen, A. 1999. Development as freedom. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Seto, K.C. 2011. Exploring the dynamics of migration to mega-delta cities in Asia and Africa: Contemporary drivers and future scenarios. Global Environmental Change 21(Suppl. 1):S94–S107.

Seto, K.C., M. Fragkias, B. Güneralp, and M.K. Reilly. 2011. A meta-analysis of global urban land expansion. PLoS ONE 6(8):1–9.

Shaman, J., and M. Kohn. 2009. Absolute humidity modulates influenza survival, transmission, and seasonality. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106:3,243–3,248.

Shaman, J., and M. Lipsitch. 2012. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)–pandemic influenza connection: Coincident or causal? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1107485109. Available: http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2012/01/11/1107485109.full.pdf+html (accessed August 4, 2012).

Shaman, J., V.E. Pitzer, C. Viboud, B.T. Grenfell, and M. Lipsitch. 2010. Absolute humidity and the seasonal onset of influenza in the continental United States. PLoS Biology 8(2): e1000316.

Shaman, J., E. Goldstein, and M. Lipsitch. 2011. Absolute humidity and pandemic versus epidemic influenza. American Journal of Epidemiology 173:127–135.

Siliverstovs, B., G. L’Hégaret, A. Neumann, and C. von Hirschhausen. 2005. International market integration for natural gas? A cointegration analysis of prices in Europe, North America and Japan. Energy Economics 27(4):603–615.

Slettebak, R.T. 2012. Don’t blame the weather! Climate-related natural disasters and civil conflict. Journal of Peace Research 49(1):163–176.

Smith, D.J., A.S. Lapedes, J.C. de Jong, T.M. Bestebroer, G.F. Rimmelzwaan, A.D.M.E. Osterhaus, and R.A.M. Fouchier. 2004. Mapping the antigenic and genetic evolution of influenza virus. Science 305(5682):371–376.

Soebiyanto, R.P., F. Adimi, and R.K. Kiang. 2010. Modeling and predicting seasonal influenza transmission in warm regions using climatological parameters. PLoS ONE 5(3):e9450.

Solnit, R. 2010. A paradise built in hell: The extraordinary communities that arise in disaster. New York: Penguin Books.

Starr, J.R. 1991. Water wars. Foreign Policy 82:17–36.

Stein, J.G. 2010. Crisis behavior: Miscalculation, escalation, and inadvertent war. In The international studies encyclopedia. R.A. Denemark, Ed. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.

Stern, N. 2007. The economics of climate change: The Stern review. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Sutcliffe, J.V. 2009. The hydrology of the Nile basin. Pp. 335–364 in The Nile: Origin, environments, limnology and human use. H.J. Dumont, Ed. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Swart, R. 1996. Security risks of global environmental change. Global Environmental Change 6(3):187–192.

Tacoli, C. 2009. Crisis or adaptation? Migration and climate change in a context of high mobility. Environment and Urbanization 21:513–525.

Taylor, L.H., S.M. Latham, and M.E. Woolhouse. 2001. Risk factors for human disease emergence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 356(1411):983–989.

Termeer, C., R. Biesbroek, and M. van den Brink. 2012. Institutions for adaptation to climate change: Comparing national adaptation strategies in Europe. European Political Science 11(1):41–53.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×

Theisen, O.M., H. Holtermann, and H. Buhaug. 2011. Climate wars? Assessing the claim that drought breeds conflict. International Security 36(3):79–106.

Themnér, L., and P. Wallensteen. 2012. Armed conflicts, 1946–2011. Journal of Peace Research 49(4):565–575.

Tietsche, S., D. Notz, J.H. Jungclaus, and J. Marotzke. 2011. Recovery mechanisms of Arctic summer sea ice. Geophysical Research Letters 38:L02707.

Timmer, C.P. 2010. Reflections on food crises past. Food Policy 35(1):1–11.

Tir, J., and D.M. Stinnett. 2012. Weathering climate change: Can institutions mitigate international water conflict? Journal of Peace Research 49(1):211–225.

Tol, R., and S. Wagner. 2010. Climate change and violent conflict in Europe over the last millennium. Climate Change 99:65–79.

Trenberth, K.E., R. Anthes, A. Belward, O. Brown, E. Haberman, T.R. Karl, S. Running, B. Ryan, M. Tanner, and B. Wielicki. 2012. Challenges of a sustained climate observing system. In Climate science for serving society: Research, modelling and prediction priorities. G.R. Asrar and J.W. Hurrell, Eds. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Treverton, G.F., E. Nemeth, and S. Srinivasan. 2012. Threats without threateners? Exploring intersections of threats to the global commons and national security. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.

United Nations. 1997. Comprehensive assessment of the freshwater resources of the world. Stockholm, Sweden: SEI.

United Nations. 2012. The Millenium Development Goals report. New York: The United Nations.

United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. 2009a. Terminology. Available: http://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/terminology (accessed August 10, 2012).

United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. 2009b. 2009 global assessment report on disaster risk reduction: Risk and poverty in a changing climate. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations.

United Nations–Water. 2008. Transboundary water: Sharing benefits, sharing responsibilities. Zaragoza, Spain: United Nations Office to Support the International Decade for Action “Water for Life” 2005–2015. Available: http://www.unwater.org/downloads/UNW_TRANSBOUNDARY.pdf (accessed August 10, 2012).

U.S. Climate Change Science Program and Subcommittee on Global Change Research. 2008. Abrupt climate change. Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey.

U.S. Department of Defense. 2010. Quadrennial defense review. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Defense.

U.S. Department of Energy. 2005. Department of Energy response to Hurricane Katrina. Available: http://energy.gov/articles/department-energy-response-hurricane-katrina (accessed October 4, 2012).

U.S. Global Change Research Program. 2012. The national global change research plan: 2012–2021. Washington, DC: U.S. Global Change Research Program.

van Noort, S.P., R. Aguas, S. Ballesteros, and M.G. Gomes. 2011. The role of weather on the relation between influenza and influenza-like illness. Journal of Theoretical Biology 298:131–137.

Viboud, C., K. Pakdaman, P.-Y. Boelle, M.L. Wilson, M.F. Myers, A.-J. Valleron, and A. Flahault. 2004. Association of influenza epidemics with global climate variability. European Journal of Epidemiology 19:1,055–1,059.

Wamsler, C., and N. Lawson. 2012. Complementing institutional with localised strategies for climate change adaptation: A south–north comparison. Disasters 36(1):28–53.

Wårell, L. 2006. Market integration in the international coal industry: A cointegration approach. Energy Journal 27(1):99–118.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×

Warner, K. 2010. Global environmental change and migration: Governance challenges. Global Environmental Change 20(3):402–413.

Warner, K., M. Hamza, A. Oliver–Smith, F. Renaud, and A. Julca. 2010. Climate change, environmental degradation and migration. Natural Hazards 55:689–715.

Weaver, S.C., and W.K. Reisen. 2010. Present and future arboviral threats. Antiviral Research 85(2):328–345.

Weisbecker, I. (Ed.). 2011. Climate change and human well-being: Global challenges and opportunities. New York: Springer.

White House. 2010. National security strategy. Washington, DC: Office of the President. Available: http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/national_security_strategy.pdf (accessed August 10, 2012).

White House. 2012. National strategy for global supply chain security. Washington, DC: White House.

Wisner, B., P. Blaikie, T. Cannon, and I. Davis. 2004. At risk: Natural hazards, people’s vulnerability and disasters, 2nd ed. London, UK: Routledge.

Witt, C.J., A.L. Richards, P.M. Masuoka, D.H. Foley, A.L. Buczak, L.A. Musila, J.H. Richardson, M.G. Colacicco-Mayhugh, L.M. Rueda, T.A. Klein, A. Anyamba, J. Small, J.A. Pavlin, M. Fukuda, J. Gaydos, K.L. Russell, and AFHSC-GEIS Predictive Surveillance Writing Group. 2011. The AFHSC-Division of GEIS Operations Predictive Surveillance Program: A multidisciplinary approach for the early detection and response to disease outbreaks. BMC Public Health 11(Suppl. 2):S10.

Wolf, A.T. (Ed.). 2007. Shared waters: Conflict and cooperation. Annual Review of Environmental Resources 32:241–269.

Wolf, A.T., J. Natharius, J. Danielson, B. Ward, and J. Pender. 1999. International river basins of the world. International Journal of Water Resources Development 15(4):387–427.

Wolf, A.T., S.B. Yoffe, and M. Giordano. 2003. International waters: Identifying basins at risk. Water Policy 5(1):29–60.

World Bank. 2005. Pakistan country water resources assistance strategy—water economy: Running dry. Report No. 34081-PK. Washington, DC: World Bank.

World Bank. 2011. The World Bank supports Thailand’s post-floods recovery effort. December 13. Available: http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/2011/12/13/world-bank-supports-thailands-post-floods-recovery-effort (accessed August 10, 2012).

World Climate Research Programme. 2009. Workshop report: World Modelling Summit for Climate Prediction. WCRP Report No. 131. Available: http://www.wcrp-climate.org/documents/WCRP_WorldModellingSummit_Jan2009.pdf (accessed September 11, 2012).

World Economic Forum. 2012. New models for addressing supply chain and transport risk. Cologny, Switzerland: World Economic Forum.

Wright, B.D. 2011. The economics of grain price volatility. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 33(1):32–58.

Yancheva, G., N.R. Nowacyk, J. Mingram, P. Dulski, G. Schettler, J.F.W. Negendank, J. Liu, D.M. Seligman, L.C. Peterson, and G.H. Haug. 2007. Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East Asian monsoon. Nature 445:74–77.

Yergin, D. 2006. Ensuring energy security. Foreign Affairs 85(2):69–82.

Yoffe, S., A.T. Wolf, and M. Giordano. 2003. Conflict and cooperation over international freshwater resources: Indicators of basins at risk. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39(5):1,109–1,126.

Zeitoun, M., and N. Mirumachi. 2008. Transboundary water interaction, I: Reconsidering conflict and cooperation. International Environmental Agreements 8:297–316.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×

This page intentionally left blank.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×
Page 161
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×
Page 162
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×
Page 163
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×
Page 164
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×
Page 165
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×
Page 166
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×
Page 167
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×
Page 168
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×
Page 169
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×
Page 170
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×
Page 171
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×
Page 172
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×
Page 173
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×
Page 174
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×
Page 175
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×
Page 176
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×
Page 177
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14682.
×
Page 178
Next: Appendix A: Committee Member and Staff Biographies »
Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $54.00 Buy Ebook | $43.99
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

Climate change can reasonably be expected to increase the frequency and intensity of a variety of potentially disruptive environmental events—slowly at first, but then more quickly. It is prudent to expect to be surprised by the way in which these events may cascade, or have far-reaching effects. During the coming decade, certain climate-related events will produce consequences that exceed the capacity of the affected societies or global systems to manage; these may have global security implications. Although focused on events outside the United States, Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis recommends a range of research and policy actions to create a whole-of-government approach to increasing understanding of complex and contingent connections between climate and security, and to inform choices about adapting to and reducing vulnerability to climate change.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!