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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1991. The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1583.
×

Index

A

Administration of NPGS

advisory structure changes, 112–114

barriers to consolidation and centralization, 4–5, 88, 107, 108–112

budget authority, 89, 107, 108

crop advisory committees, 8, 49, 57, 79, 103–104, 114, 115

crop curators, 13, 120

elevation of NPGS within ARS, 11, 111–112

funding for, 9–10, 114

national collections, 13, 119

National Plant Genetic Resources Board, 7–8, 10–12, 16–17, 102, 109, 112–113

National Plant Germplasm Committee, 8, 12, 102–103, 112–113

personnel classification and promotion, 97–98, 133–134

Plant Germplasm Operations Committee, 8, 104–105, 114

reorganization outside ARS, 3, 10–11, 109–111

technical committees and technical advisory committees, 8, 104

in USDA, 1–2, 87–101;

see also Agricultural Research Service;

Cooperative State Research Service

see also Recommendations

Aegilops species, 5, 45, 58

Agency for International Development, 39, 77, 128, 131

Agricultural experiment stations,

see State agricultural experiment stations

Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946, 4, 40, 41

Agricultural Research Service (ARS)

administrative role in NPGS, 2, 7, 9, 43, 47, 49, 52, 57, 88–98, 108

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1991. The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1583.
×

administrative structure and lines of authority, 90

elevation of NPGS within, 11, 111–112

funding for germplasm-related activities, 6, 9, 53, 92–96, 108

Germplasm Matrix Team, 7, 8, 11, 91, 108, 111, 115

National Program Staff, 7, 11, 47, 49, 89–91, 109, 111, 112, 113

New Crops Research Branch, 43, 89

personnel classification and promotion system, 97–98

Research Position Evaluation System, 97–98

Alfalfa, 40, 45, 79

Anderson, E., 81–82

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 6, 50, 101, 116–118, 127

Apple, 40, 45, 57

Arachis hypogaea L., 38–39

Arboreta, 49, 84, 126

Avena sterilis, 32–33

B

Bacterial wilt, 40

Bamboo, 45, 53, 59

Bankhead-Jones Act of 1935, 40

Barley, 5, 35, 45, 58, 59, 68, 81, 123, 124, 126, 128

Beans, 15, 33, 37, 45, 70, 75, 118, 126, 131, 138

Beattie, R. Kent, 40

Blakeslee, A. F., 67, 81

Botanical gardens, 49, 84, 126

Bradford pear, 22

Broad bean, 75

Brooks, Erwin, 27

Budwood/dormant buds, 66, 72

Bureau of International Organization Affairs, 137

Bureau of Land Management, 41, 104

Bureau of Plant Industry, 89

C

Canada, 17–18, 27, 35, 68, 76, 86, 139

North American cooperative program, 17–18, 139

Cell and tissue culture, 21, 25, 30, 58, 72, 119;

see also In vitro storage

Center for Plant Conservation, 84, 126

Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, 118, 138

Centro Internacional de la Papa, 28

Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo, 37, 138

Charles M. Rick Tomato

Genetics Resource Center, 62, 122

Chestnuts, 40, 45

Chickpea, 45, 75, 138

Cleland, R. E., 81

Clonal germplasm

crops requiring preservation as, 25

maintenance of, 30, 66, 76

repositories,

see National clonal germplasm repositories

virus-free, 50

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1991. The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1583.
×

Cocoa, 24, 37, 45

Coffee, 37, 45

Collections

active, 29, 30

base, 29, 51

breeders', 22, 31

characterization, evaluation, and documentation, 30

composition of, 3, 22–23, 25–26, 28, 31

core, 30

genetic stocks, 23–24, 62, 123

germination rates and number of seeds for accessions, 73–74

international exchange of, 37

private and nongovernmental, 47, 51, 80, 84–86, 126–127

reasons for assembling, 21, 27

sites for regeneration/replenishment, 28

utilization of, 30–31, 46

see also Clonal germplasm;

Germplasm management;

Seed

Collections of NPGS

active, 51–65

back-up, 5, 14, 16, 37, 44, 51, 67–68, 70, 92

base, 4, 13, 14–15, 37, 51, 65–72, 120–121

changes proposed in, 13–14, 115–128

cooperation with private collections, 4, 5–6, 126–127

core subsets, 14, 31, 124–126

crop curators, 13, 79, 120

distribution of samples, 4, 37, 42, 76–78, 107

external review of, 14–15, 129–130, 143

facilities and personnel, 14–15, 17, 129–134

genetic stocks, 46, 62–64, 122–124

importance of, 92

in situ conservation, 127–128

National Arboretum, 64–65

size and scope of, 2, 5, 9, 15–16, 42, 44, 48, 72–73, 86

small grains, 32–33, 58–59

special collections, 13–14, 51, 59–62, 122

at state and federal facilities, 59–62

utilization by breeders, 6, 48, 80–84

vegetatively propagated germplasm, 57–58, 69–72

see also Interregional Research Project-1;

National clonal germplasm repositories;

National Seed Storage Laboratory;

National Small Grains Collection;

Regionalplant introduction stations

Colleges and universities

collection vulnerability, 24

importance of collections, 51

utilization of NPGS, 5–6, 46, 61–62, 80, 81–83

Collins, G. N., 82

Commodity collections, 79, 80

Conservation,

see Germplasm management

Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, 4, 109, 118, 138–139

Cooperative State Research Service

administrative role in NPGS, 2, 41, 52, 88, 99–100, 109

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1991. The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1583.
×

Committee of Nine, 99

funding for germplasm-related activities, 6–8, 9, 53, 93–96, 99

Corn, 15, 33, 35, 81, 117, 124;

see also Maize

Corn blight, 102

Cotton, 5, 15, 17, 34, 40, 45, 55, 61, 68, 95, 122, 123

Crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia fauriei Koehne), 65, 66–67

Creech, John, 66–67

Crop advisory committees changes proposed in, 11, 12–13, 114, 115

management of, 92

role in NPGS, 8, 49, 57, 79, 103–104

Crop Science Society of America, 67, 123

Crop vulnerability,

see Vulnerability

Crops

cultivar replacement rates, 36

gene mapping, 24

improvement in U.S., 1, 21, 33–35

Cryopreservation, 21, 25, 30, 66, 72, 110, 121

Cutler, H. C., 81–82

D

Database Management Unit, 139, 141–142

DNA, isolated, storage of, 25, 64;

see also Genetic stocks

Documentation of accessions, 79–80

international sharing of data, 138

passport and descriptor data, 28, 44, 72, 78–79, 140–141

responsibility for, 30, 44, 47

see also Germplasm Resources Information Network

E

Eastern filbert blight, 28, 130

Egolf, Donald, 67

Environment, importance of genetic resources to, 35–37

Erlanson, C. O., 40

Evening Primrose collection, 81

Experiment stations,

see State agricultural experiment stations

F

Fairchild, David, 40

Forest Service, 41

Fruit crops, virus free clones, 50–51

G

Gene mapping, 24, 76

Genetic drift, 75, 76, 120

Genetic research, and crop yields, 1, 3

Genetic resources,

see Plant genetic resources

Genetic stocks

characteristics of, 23–24, 62, 123

maintenance of, 24, 48, 62, 122–124

NPGS collections, 46, 62–64, 67

uses of, 24, 78, 123

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1991. The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1583.
×

Germplasm,

see Collections;

Plant germplasm

Germplasm management acquisition activities, 13–14, 26–27, 28–29, 115–119

challenges of, 25–28

characterization and evaluation, 28, 30, 78–79

collection diversity and size and, 31

conservation, 29–30

distribution, 76–78

documentation, 6, 28, 30, 72, 79–80

federal-state cooperation in, 40

global responsibility, 3–4, 31–32

as live plants, 28, 69–72

preservation methods, 24–25, 28

regeneration and multiplication, 75–76, 86

research, 18–19, 142–144

screening for intracellular organisms, 119

seed viability testing, 72–75

structure of program, 28–32

utilization of collections, 29, 30–31

see also Collections;

Seed

Germplasm Resources Information Network

accessibility of data, 141–142

characteristics of, 80

completion of database, 140

kinds of information, 80

management of, 6, 92, 139–142

passport and descriptor data, 80, 140–141

recommended changes in, 18, 128, 140

responsibilities of, 46, 79–80

Gossypium species, 34

Grasses, 45, 59, 61, 70, 81

Greenbug, 82

H

Harrison, Ross G., 40

Hatch Act, 7, 99

I

In situ conservation, 16, 127–128

In vitro storage, 30, 66, 71–72;

see also Cell and tissue culture

Information management, 6, 18, 28, 31, 139–142;

see also Germplasm Resources Information Network

International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, 4, 37, 50, 67, 70, 72–73, 92, 115–116, 131

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, 39, 138

International issues

exchange of collections, 4, 37, 46, 77, 116

North American cooperative program, 17–18, 139

policy development and cooperation, 4, 12, 16–18, 32, 50, 131, 135–139

responsibility for germplasm protection and conservation, 16, 31–32, 135

trade embargoes and germplasm exchanges, 116

International Rice Research Institute, 4, 37, 6-8, 69

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1991. The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1583.
×

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 84

Interregional Research Project-1, 5, 6, 45, 46, 54, 58, 95, 100

Interregional Research Project-2, 50–51

J

Jimson weed, 67, 81

K

Kempton, J. H., 82

Klose, Nelson, 144

L

Landraces, importance of, 3, 17, 23, 28, 31, 33–34, 127

Late leafspot (of peanuts), 39

Latin American Maize Project, 6, 127

Lentils, 45, 75

Lettuce, 45, 59, 72

Living Historical Farms, 86

Lycopersicon species, 3, 34, 63–64

M

MacMillan, H. G., 40

Maize, 6, 17, 23, 33, 37, 45, 59, 70, 81–82, 92, 122, 127, 137;

see also Corn

Management,

see Germplasm management

Manglesdorf, P. C., 81–82, 122

Melon, 40, 45

Mexico, 17–18, 35, 138, 139

North American cooperative program, 17–18, 138, 139

Meyer, Frank N., 22, 40

Millets, 37, 45, 70

Morse, W. J., 40

N

National Academy of Sciences,

Committee on Plant and Animal Stocks, 40

National Arboretum, 45, 46, 64–65, 93, 127

National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges, 7–8, 102, 113

National clonal germplasm repositories

backup of collections, 58, 69–70

facilities and personnel, 5, 45, 132

holdings, 28, 45, 53, 56, 57

management difficulties, 58

and quarantine, 118

research appropriations for, 93–96

responsibilities of, 5, 45, 46, 51, 57, 79

National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, 6, 49, 91–92, 96, 103, 104

National Herbarium of the Smithsonian Institution, 64

National Plant Gene Conservation Center, 68

National Plant Genetic Resources Board

changes proposed in, 10–12, 16–17, 109, 112–113

composition of, 112

role in NPGS, 7–8, 102

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1991. The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1583.
×

National Plant Germplasm Committee

changes proposed in, 12, 112–113

role in NPGS, 8, 102–103

National Plant Germplasm Quarantine Center, 6, 50, 94, 101, 117–118

National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS)

acquisition activities, 6, 44–47;

see also Plant Introduction Office

administration of,

see Administration of NPGS

advisers to, 7–8, 101–105

collections,

see Collections of NPGS

college/university utilization of, 81–83

conservation activities, 9, 46, 51–72;

see also Germplasm management

costs of, 6, 9, 92–97

crop-related responsibilities, 45

distribution activities, 4, 37, 42, 76–78, 107

emergence of, 41–42

exploration for plants, 44, 47, 49–50, 92, 115–116

external review of facilities and programs, 14–15, 129–130

facilities and personnel, 5–6, 41, 44, 129–134;

see also National clonal germplasm repositories;

National Seed Storage Laboratory

information management, 6, 139–142

international role of, 2, 6–7, 37, 42, 50

Interregional Research Project-2, 50–51

management of collections, 9, 46, 72–80;

see also Collections of NPGS;

Germplasm management

mission of, 1, 15–18, 37–38, 43–44, 107, 134–139

origins of, 37–42, 43

plant introduction numbers, 40, 47–48

private industry support of, 6, 83–84

quarantine facilities, 6, 37, 44, 50, 116–119

short-day-length facilities, 15, 44, 130–131

site locations, 15, 130

staffing, 131–132

structure of, 2, 4–5, 22, 41, 46;

see also Recommendations

training scientists and technicians, 132–133

National Science Foundation, 49, 123

National Seed Storage Laboratory

administration of, 89–90

back-up storage at, 14, 67–68, 122

deficiencies in, 14

facilities and personnel, 14, 55

genetic stock maintenance at, 122–123

holdings, 120–121

origin of, 41, 55

proposed expansion of, 14, 69, 120, 129

research appropriations for, 93

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1991. The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1583.
×

responsibilities of, 4–5, 44, 46, 51, 55, 66–69, 72, 78, 110

standards for seed viability, 72–73

National Small Grains Collection, 58–59

backup of accessions, 68

distribution of samples, 58–59

facilities and personnel, 54

holdings, 28, 32–33, 37, 45, 54, 58, 66–67

responsibilities, 5, 37, 45, 46, 66

Native Seeds/SEARCH, 85, 128

New Crops Coordinating Committee, 102

North American Fruit Explorers, 85

O

Oats, 5, 32–33, 45, 58, 68

Onion, 45, 72

Orr, John, 40

P

Peach, 40

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), 38–39, 45, 59

Peanut rust, 39

Pecan (Carya illinoinensis), 45, 98–99

Phaseolus species, 37, 70

Pineapple, 45, 71

Pistachio, 43, 45

Plant genetic resources

collections at state agricultural experiment stations, 60–61

crop improvement and development of, 1, 21, 33–35

importance to society and environment, 1, 35–37

in the United States, 21, 32–37, 43–44

Plant Genetics and Germplasm Institute, 94

Plant germplasm

activities outside national system, 84–86

defined, 21–22

exploration for, 49–50

management of,

see Germplasm management

need for, 2, 21–25

preservation of, 21, 24–25

sources of, 22–23

technologies for preservation and use of, 21

uses of, 2, 22

vegetatively propagated, 69–72, 78

see also Collections;

Collections of NPGS

Plant Germplasm Operations Committee

changes proposed in, 113, 114, 130

composition of, 104

role in NPGS, 8, 91, 104–105

Plant Introduction Office

changes proposed in, 116

creation of, 4, 39–40

responsibilities of, 6, 39–40, 41, 44, 46, 47–48, 76, 78, 92

Plant Sciences Institute of Beltsville Area, 92

Plant Variety Protection Act, 67

Pollen storage, 30, 66

Potatoes, 5, 23, 28, 33, 40, 41, 45, 54, 58, 76, 100

Powdery mildew fungus, 65, 67

Private industry, support of

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1991. The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1583.
×

NPGS, 83–84

Prunus species, 116, 119

Public Law 733, 40;

see also Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946

Q

Quarantine

facilities, 6, 53, 127, 129;

see also National Plant Germplasm Quarantine Center

international cooperation by U.S., 37

offshore facilities, 118

recommended policy changes, 116–119, 127

screening procedures, 119

R

Recombinant DNA technology, 21

Recommendations

acquisition activities, 13, 115–119

administration, 9–13, 107–117

advisory groups, 11–13, 112–114, 130

base collections, 13, 14–15, 120–121

classification and promotion of personnel, 133–134

collection management, 13–14, 119–128

collection priorities, 15–16, 134–135

cooperation with private collections, 13–14, 126–127

core subsets, 14, 124–126

crop advisory committees, 11, 12–13, 114, 115

crop curators, 13, 120

elevation within ARS, 11, 111–112

external review of collections, 14–15, 129–130

facilities and personnel, 14–15, 17, 130–131

funding for research, 18–19, 143–144

genetic stock management, 122–124

in situ conservation, 16, 127–129

information management, 18, 139–142

international policies and cooperation, 16–18, 131, 135–139

mission of NPGS, 15–18, 134–139

national clonal germplasm repositories, 13, 130

national collections, 13, 119

National Plant Genetic Resources Board, 10–12, 16–17, 109, 112–113

National Plant Germplasm Committee, 12, 112–113

National Seed Storage Laboratory expansion, 14, 120, 129

organization outside ARS, 10–11, 109–111

Plant Introduction Office, 116

program review, 14–15, 129–130, 143

quarantine arrangements, 116–119, 127

regeneration of seed, 13, 120–121

regional plant introduction stations, 13, 119

research advisory committee, 18, 142–143

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1991. The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1583.
×

special collections, 13–14, 122

staffing, 131–132

training of personnel, 132–133

Regional plant introduction stations

administration of, 13, 52, 88

facilities and personnel, 5, 41, 45, 52–54

holdings, 45, 51, 52, 54, 73

recommended changes in, 13, 119

research appropriations for, 93–95, 99–100

responsibilities of, 5, 46, 51, 52–53, 73, 79

Research

agenda, 142–143

external peer review, 18, 143

funding for, 7, 18–19, 40, 143–144

promotion of, 143–144

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms, 76

Rice, 5, 35, 37, 45, 58, 68, 70, 124

Risien, Edmond, 98–99

Rosa xanthina, 22

Rubber, 24, 37

Russian wheat aphid, 80–81

Rye, 5, 45, 49, 58, 81

S

Seed

desiccation-sensitive, 24–25, 27

germination rates and number of seeds for accessions, 73–74

regeneration/replenishment, 13, 24–25, 28, 30, 120–121, 137–138

storage, 24–25, 29, 66, 110

viability testing, 30, 44, 69, 72–75

Seed Savers Exchange, 47, 85–86, 127

Soil Conservation Service, 41, 79, 101

Solanum species, 23, 63–64

Sorghum, 37, 45, 70, 81, 82, 117

Soybeans, 6, 35, 37, 40, 45, 55, 61, 70, 81, 94, 124

Special crop germplasm collections, 13–14, 51, 59–62, 94–95, 122

State agricultural experiment stations

administrative role in NPGS, 41, 52, 87, 100–101

collections, 100

funding for research by, 99, 100

genetic resource collections at, 59–61, 80

State facilities with collections, 59–61

Strawberry, 45, 72

Sugarcane, 36, 45, 70

Sweet potato, 45, 53, 70

T

Technical committees and technical advisory committees, roles in NPGS, 8, 57, 104

Timothy, David, 38

Tissue culture,

see Cell and tissue culture

Tomatoes, 3, 34, 45, 59, 62, 70, 122, 123

resistance to diseases, 62–64

Triticale, 5, 45, 58

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1991. The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1583.
×

U

United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization

Commission on Plant Genetic Resources, 17, 136–137

definition of genetic stocks, 62

International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources, 137

NPGS cooperation with, 16–17, 37, 109, 115–116, 135–137

United States

agricultural production in, 1, 3, 33–34

crop improvement in, 1, 21, 33–35

development of germplasm activities in, 21, 38–41;

see also National Plant Germplasm System

international exchange of collections, 37

plant genetic resources in, 32–37

U.S. Department of Agriculture

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 6, 50, 101, 116–118, 127

Competitive Research Grants Office, 18–19, 143

Foreign Plant Introduction Office, 40

management of NPGS, 88–101

Office of Experiment Stations, 89

Office of Science and Education, 3, 10, 109

Seed and Plant Introduction Section, 40

seed distribution by, 39

see also Agricultural Research Service;

Cooperative State Research Service

U.S. Patent Office, seed distribution by, 39

V

Vegetatively propagated germplasm, 28, 69–72, 116

Vulnerability, 24, 35, 80, 102

W

Westover, C., 40

Wheat, 3, 5, 17–18, 33–37, 38, 45, 58, 59, 70, 81, 123, 124, 126, 128

Whitaker Cucurbita species collection, 122

Whitehouse, W. E., 40

Wild oat (Avena sterilis L.), 32–33, 128

Wild rice (Zizania aquatica L.), 24–27

Y

Yagyu, Paul, 27

Z

Zizania aquatica, 24–25

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1991. The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1583.
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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1991. The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1583.
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Recent Publications of the Board on Agriculture
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New Directions for Biosciences Research in Agriculture: High-Reward Opportunities (1985), 122 pp., ISBN 0-309-03542-2.

Genetic Engineering of Plants: Agricultural Research Opportunities and Policy Concerns (1984), 96 pp., ISBN 0-309-03434-5.

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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1991. The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1583.
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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1991. The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1583.
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Page 171
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1991. The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1583.
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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1991. The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1583.
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The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System Get This Book
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In the United States, the critical task of preserving our plant genetic resources is the responsibility of the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS).

NPGS undergoes a thorough analysis in this book, which offers wide-ranging recommendations for equipping the agency to better meet U.S. needs—and lead international conservation efforts.

The book outlines the importance and status of plant genetic conservation and evaluates NPGS's multifaceted operations. Two options for revamping NPGS within the U.S. Department of Agriculture are included.

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