NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Frank Press is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Samuel O. Thier is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and of advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Frank Press and Dr. Robert M. White are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
Support for this study by the Committee on Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Minerals Management Service, Department of the Interior under agreements 14-08-0001-A0636.
Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 91-61496
International Standard Book Number 0-309-04533-9
S364
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COMMITTEE ON UNDISCOVERED OIL AND GAS RESOURCES
CHARLES J. MANKIN,
Oklahoma Geological Survey,
Chairman
JOHN J. AMORUSO, Consultant,
Houston, Texas
GEOFFREY S. BAYLISS,
GeoChem-Laboratories Inc.
DORIS M. CURTIS,
Curtis and Echols,
Consultants
RICHARD A. DAVIS,
University of Southern Florida
LLOYD E. ELKINS, Petroleum Consultant,
Tulsa, Oklahoma
ROBERT J. FINLEY,
University of Texas at Austin
JOHN D. HAUN,
Barlow and Haun, Inc.
HARRISON C. JAMISON, Consultant,
Sunriver, Oregon
GORDON KAUFMAN,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
RICHARD D. NEHRING,
NRG Associates
STEVEN E. PLOTKIN,
United States Congress, Energy and Materials Program
MICHAEL PRATS,
Michael Prats and Associates, Inc.
RICHARD M. PROCTOR,
Institute of Sedimentary and Petroleum Geology
JOSEPH P. RIVA,
Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service
ENDERS A. ROBINSON,
University of Tulsa
PAUL SWITZER,
Stanford University
Liaison Members
CHARLES G. GROAT,
American Geological Institute
HARRY C. KENT,
Colorado School of Mines
National Research Council Staff
INA B. ALTERMAN, Senior Program Officer
JACQUELINE A. MACDONALD, Editorial Consultant
HUONG DANG, Project Secretary
BARBARA WRIGHT, Administrative Secretary
JUDITH ESTEP, Administrative Secretary
BOARD ON EARTH SCIENCES AND RESOURCES
WILLIAM L. FISHER,
University of Texas,
Chairman
SAMUEL S. ADAMS,
Colorado School of Mines
ALBERT W. BALLY,
Rice University
SANDRA L. BLACKSTONE,
University of Denver
DONALD J. DEPAOLO,
University of California, Berkeley
GORDON P. EATON,
Lamont Doherty Geological Observatory
W. GARY ERNST,
Stanford University
ROBERT N. GINSBURG,
University of Miami
PERRY HAGENSTEIN,
Resource Issues, Inc.
HARRISON C. JAMISON,
Consultant, Sunriver, Oregon
THOMAS H. JORDAN,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
CHARLES J. MANKIN,
Oklahoma Geological Survey
CAREL OTTE, JR.,
Unocal Corporation
FRANK M. RICHTER,
University of Chicago
STEVEN M. STANLEY,
Case Western Reserve University
IRVIN L. WHITE,
New York State Energy Research and Development Authority
Staff
KEVIN C. BURKE, Staff Director
THOMAS M. USSELMAN, Senior Staff Scientist
LALLY A. ANDERSON, Staff Associate
GAYLENE DUMOUCHEL, Administrative Assistant
BARBARA WRIGHT, Administrative Secretary
JUDITH ESTEP, Administrative Secretary
COMMISSION ON GEOSCIENCES, ENVIRONMENT, AND RESOURCES
M. GORDON WOLMAN,
The Johns Hopkins University,
Chairman
ROBERT C. BEARDSLEY,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
B. CLARK BURCHFIEL,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
RALPH J. CICERONE,
University of California, Irvine
PETER S. EAGLESON,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
HELEN M. INGRAM,
University of Arizona
GENE E. LIKENS,
New York Botanical Garden
SYUKURO MANABE,
NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
JACK E. OLIVER,
Cornell University
PHILIP A. PALMER,
E.I. duPont de Nemours & Company
FRANK L. PARKER,
Vanderbilt University
DUNCAN T. PATTEN,
Arizona State University
MAXINE L. SAVITZ,
Allied Signal Aerospace Company
LARRY L. SMARR,
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
STEVEN M. STANLEY,
Case Western Reserve University
SIR CRISPIN TICKELL,
Green College at the Radcliffe Observatory, Oxford
KARL K. TUREKIAN,
Yale University
IRVIN L. WHITE,
New York State Energy Research and Development Authority
JAMES H. ZUMBERGE,
University of Southern California
STEPHEN RATTIEN, Executive Director
STEPHEN D. PARKER, Associate Executive Director
JANICE E. GREENE, Assistant Executive Director
JEANETTE SPOON, Financial Officer
CARLITA PERRY, Administrative Assistant
ROBIN LEWIS, Senior Project Assistant