TABLE D-1 Table of Indicator Data Sources*
Data Source and Website | Sponsor | Frequency of Data Updates | Sample Design and Sample Size (if applicable) | Target Population (or Components) | Level of Estimates or Data Available | Comments |
American Community Survey (ACS) http://www.census.gov/acs | U.S. Census Bureau | Annual | Cross-sectional More than 2 million households in 2011 | All households 50 states, DC, Puerto Rico | National State County City zIP Code Selected American Indian/Alaskan Native areas | County, city, and zIP Code estimates available in 1-, 3-, and 5-year increments based on the jurisdiction size |
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) http://www.cdc.gov/brfss | HHS/CDC | Annual | Cross-sectional Sampling frame: 50 states, DC, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, and other U.S. territories ~506,000 interviews in 2011 | Civilian, households with land-line or cellular telephones, respondents must be age 18+ | National State Selected MMSAs Selected counties | |
Bridging the Gap (BTG) http://www.bridgingthegapresearch.org | Robert Wood Johnson Foundation | Annual Tax data begin in 1997; all other data begin with school year 2006-07 | Coded state laws related to food and beverage taxation; school food, nutrition, physical education, and physical activity environments; state safe routes to school-related laws; state farm-to-school-related laws |
50 states and DC |
National State | Coded state policy surveillance data based on codified state statutory and administrative (regulatory) laws |
CDC Chronic Disease State Policy Tracking System http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/CDPHPPolicySearch/Default.aspx | HHS/CDC | Ongoing | 4,788 nutrition, physical activity, and obesity policies (as of 3/18/2013) | Regulation and legislative bills related to nutrition, physical activity, and obesity prevention | State | Individual bill-level tracking |
CDC State Indicator Report on Fruits and Vegetables http://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/downloads/StateIndicator-Report-Fruits-Vegetables-2013.pdf | HHS/CDC | Annual | Data indicators constructed from several other national and state databases |
50 states and DC |
National State | Individual-level diet behavioral indicators, policy, and environmental indicators |
Classification of Laws Associated with School Students (CLASS) http://class.cancer.gov | HHS/NIH/NCI | 2003-2008 2010 Every 2 years | State school-based physical education, recess, and nutrition-related laws |
50 states and DC |
National State | Coded state law policy surveillance data system |
County and zIP Code Business Patterns (CzCBP) http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/index.html | U.S. Census Bureau | Annual | Cross-sectional business trends | Businesses with paid employees | National State County MMSA zIP Code | |
Federal appropriations laws http://thomas.loc.gov/home/approp/app13.html | U.S. Government | Annual | NA | NA | National | |
General Services Administration (GSA) http://www.gsa.gov | U.S. Government | NA | NA | NA | National | |
Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) http://www.ncqa.org/HEDISQualityMeasurement/HEDISMeasures.aspx | NCQA | Ongoing |
80 measures across 5 domains of health care |
Data provided by health plans | National Regional State | Includes measures related to diabetes care and childhood and adult weight/ body mass index (BMI) assessment |
Data Source and Website | Sponsor | Frequency of Data Updates | Sample Design and Sample Size (if applicable) | Target Population (or Components) | Level of Estimates or Data Available | Comments |
Infant Feeding Practices Study II (IFPS-II) http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/infant_feeding.htm | HHS/FDA, CDC | 1992-1993 2005-07 periodic | Pregnant women and their infants sampled from a national consumer panel and followed longitudinally (2,000 women in IFPS-II) | Pregnant women and their infants | National | Individual-level diet and health behaviors and practices |
National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ahcd.htm | HHS/CDC | Annual | Cross-sectional | Nonfederal employed office-based physicians | National | Health care office visits |
National College Health Assessment (NCHA) http://www.acha-ncha.org | American College Health Association | Biannual | National sample, but not nationally representative because schools self-select (141 institutions in 2012) | College students | National | Self-reported height and weight, diet and activity behaviors |
National Compensation Survey–Benefits (NCS) http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs | Bureau of Labor Statistics | Annual | Employer-provided programs | Workplaces | National Selected MMSAs Census regions Census divisions | Data on employer-provided benefits, compensation, and earnings |
National Consumer Panel (formerly known as A.C. Nielsen Homescan) http://ncppanel.com/content/ncp/ncphome.html | Nielsen/ Symphony IRI Joint Venture | Quarterly | Representative sample | Consumers | National | Household purchasing of food and beverage items in retail outlets |
National Farm-to-School Network http://www.farmtoschool.org | Tides Center, San Francisco, CA | Ongoing | Tracks farm-to-school programs in 50 states | National K-12 schools and local farms | National State | |
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) “What We Eat in America” http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm | HHS/CDC USDA/ARS | Continuous Annual since 1999 | Cross-sectional ~5,000 persons examined annually | Civilian, household population all ages since 1999 Oversample of low-income, Hispanics, and Asians | National | Individual-level estimates of behaviors and measured health status |
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm | HHS/CDC | Annual (weekly and monthly probability samples) | Cross-sectional ~39,500 households (HHs); ~101,900 persons in ~40,500 families, all ages (2011) | Civilian, household population Oversample of African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians | National Selected state estimates w/years combined | Household- and individual-level estimates |
National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) http://nhts.ornl.gov | DOT/FHWA | 2009 Periodic (every 5-7 years) | Cross-sectional ~150,000 HHs; 351,000 persons | Civilian, household population Daily travel for persons 5+ years | National Selected states (if they choose to add-on) | Household- and individual-level estimates |
National Immunization Survey (NIS) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nis.htm | HHS/CDC | Annual | Cross-sectional | Children aged 19-35 months Health care providers of children | National State Selected large urban areas | Data on breastfeeding practices |
National Profile of Local Health Departments http://www.naccho.org/topics/infrastructure/profile/index.cfm | NACCHO | Semi-regularly (last survey conducted in 2013) | The core questionnaire is sent to every LHD in the United States; a random sample of LHDs also receive supplemental modules | Local health departments | National | Local health department infrastructure |
National Resource Center for Health and Safety in Child Care and Early Education—State Licensing Information http://nrckids.org/STATES/states.htm | National Resource Center for Health and Safety in Child Care and Early Education | At least 2× per year | Census | Early child care centers | State | Links to state laws containing licensing standards for early child care programs |
Data Source and Website | Sponsor | Frequency of Data Updates | Sample Design and Sample Size (if applicable) | Target Population (or Components) | Level of Estimates or Data Available | Comments |
National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) http://childhealthdata.org/learn/NSCH | HHS/HRSA/ MCHB | Every 4 years; possibly annual in future | Cross-sectional ~91,642 surveys of children (0-17 yrs old); between 1,700-1,900 for each state | Noninstitutionalized children aged 0-17 yrs old | National State HRSA region | |
National Survey of Employer-Sponsored Health Plans http://www.mercer.com/ushealthplansurvey | Mercer | Annual | Employer health care policies | Employers | National | |
National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/mpinc/index.htm | HHS/CDC | Every 2 years since 2007 | Birth facilities, practices, and program | All U.S. states and territories | National State | |
National Survey on Energy Balance-related Care Among Primary Care Physicians http://outcomes.cancer.gov/surveys/energy | HHS/NIH/ NCI, NICHD, NIDDK, OBSSR, CDC | 2008 (unclear when next survey will occur) | Cross-sectional | Primary care physicians treating children and/or adults | National |
National Vital Statistics System http://www.cdc.gov/NCHS/nvss.htm | HHS/CDC | Ongoing | Collected during vital events—births, deaths, marriages, divorces, and fetal deaths | Legal authority for the registration of vital events resides individually with 50 states, 2 cities (Washington, DC, and New York City), and 5 territories (Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands) | National State | |
Nielsen Media Research http://www.nielsen.com | The Nielsen Company | Ongoing | Longitudinal panel Each household panel member participates for 2 years. Random digit dialing and online panel recruitment to obtain a sample that is as nationally representative as possible. Stratified sampling and oversampling of certain populations (e.g., youth, racial/ ethnic minorities) Approximately 25,000 households | Households in the 48 contiguous states | National Metropolitan Market groups (constructed by Nielsen) | Contains data on exposure to food and beverage advertising as well as data on the frequency of television viewing, videogame, and Internet use each day (sedentary behaviors) |
Data Source and Website | Sponsor | Frequency of Data Updates | Sample Design and Sample Size (if applicable) | Target Population (or Components) | Level of Estimates or Data Available | Comments |
NPD Group https://www.npd.com/wps/portal/npd/us/home | NPD Group | Ongoing | Nationally representative sample of consumers Online consumer panel with more than 2 million participants | Consumers | National | |
Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) http://www.cdc.gov/prams | HHS/CDC | Annual | Random sample from birth certificates | Women with a recent live birth (and their infants) in 40 participating states and New York City | State | Breastfeeding Maternal diet and activity behaviors Pre-pregnancy weight Gestational diabetes |
Quarterly Food-at-Home Price Database (QFAHPD) http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/quarterly-food-at-home-price-database.aspx#.UUNs3BfkuSo | USDA/ERS | 1999-2006 (version 1) 2004-2010 (version 2) | 26 metropolitan and 9 nonmetropolitan markets for 2004-2010 | Food prices for 54 food groups | Local | |
School Health Policies and Practices Study (SHPPS) http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/shpps/index.htm | HHS/CDC | Every 6 years | Nationally represented sample of 50 states and DC Randomly selected classes (classroom-level data) | Public school state agencies; public school administration; public and private school faculty and staff; teachers | National State Selected large districts |
School Nutrition Dietary Assessment Survey (SNDA) http://www.mathematicampr.com/nutrition/snda_IV.asp | USDA/FNS | Periodic SNDA-III: 2004-2005 SNDA-IV: 2009-2010 SNDA-V: planned | Cross-sectional SNDA-III: 2,314 public school students in grades 1-12 from 287 sampled schools SNDA IV: 595 school food authorities and 902 sampled schools | Nationally representative samples of districts, schools, and students (in SNDA III) in 48 contiguous states and DC | National | Student-level behaviors in SNDA-III and V; School-level indicators in SNDA-III, IV, and V |
State Birth Registries/Birth Records Databases http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/state_health_departments.htm | U.S. Government | Ongoing | Collected during vital events—births | Pregnant women and newborns | State | |
State SNAP-Ed Plans http://snap.nal.usda.gov/state-gates | USDA | Annual | Census | SNAP-Ed programs | State | State-level plans for SNAP-Ed programs |
State SNAP Policy Database http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/snap-policydatabase.aspx | USDA | Ongoing | Census | SNAP state program policies | State | SNAP Policy Database http://www.ers.usda.gov/dataproducts/snap-policy-database.aspx |
Yale Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity—Legislative Database http://www.yaleruddcenter.org/legislation | Yale Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity | 2010-present | Census | Legislation introduced, enacted, vetoed, failed, or repealed | National State Selected large metropolitan areas | Food policy and obesity-related legislative tracking database |
Data Source and Website | Sponsor | Frequency of Data Updates | Sample Design and Sample Size (if applicable) | Target Population (or Components) | Level of Estimates or Data Available | Comments |
Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/index.htm | HHS/CDC | Biennial | Cross-sectional school-based survey samples (47 states, 5 territories, 2 tribal, 22 local regions) ~15,500 youth in 2011 | Youth in public and private schools, grades 9-12; ages 12-21 yrs old | National State Local | Individual-level behaviors |
* This table provides detailed information on each of the data sources listed in Chapter 4, Table 4-2, including the sponsoring organization, study design, periodicity, and populations studied. Appendix F, Table F-2 lists examples of national surveillance and evaluation system data sources that can be considered for their potential based on the specific measures, target population, and level of the data desired for indicators.
NOTES: ARS = Agricultural Research Service; CDC = U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; DOT = U.S. Department of Transportation; ERS = Economic Research Service; FDA = U.S. Food and Drug Administration; FHWA = U.S. Federal Highway Administration; FNS = Food and Nutrition Service; HH = household; HHS = U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; HRSA = Health Resources and Services Administration; IRI = Information Resources, Inc.; LHD = local health department; MCHB = Maternal and Child Health Bureau; MMSA = metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area; NACCHO = National Association of County and City Health Officials; NCI = National Cancer Institute; NCQA = National Center for Quality Assurance; NICHD = National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; NIDDK = National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; NIH = National Institutes of Health; OBSSR = Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research; SNAP = Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; USDA = U.S. Department of Agriculture.