NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
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This is a report of work supported by Subcontract No. XX-9-19012-1 from the Solar Energy Research Institute Division of the Midwest Research Institute through the U.S. Department of Energy to the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council.
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COMMITTEE ON POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF CONCENTRATED SOLAR PHOTONS
ALLEN J. BARD, (Chairman),
Department of Chemistry, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, Texas
ADAM HELLER, (Vice Chairman),
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, Texas
J. LAMBERT BATES,
Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Battelle Memorial Institute, Richland, Washington
ELSA M. GARMIRE,
Center for Laser Studies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
ARTHUR GOLDSTEIN,
Ionic, Incorporated, Watertown, Massachusetts
JACK ST. CLAIR KILBY, Consultant,
Dallas, Texas
DAVID F. OLLIS,
Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
ADEL F. SAROFIM,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
NICK SERPONE,
Department of Chemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
MICHAEL A. TENHOVER,
B. P. Research, Warrensville Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio
VERONICA VAIDA,
Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
National Research Council Staff
KAMAL J. ARAJ, Study Director,
Energy Engineering Board
JAN C. KRONENBURG, Study Assistant (to February, 1991)
ENERGY ENGINEERING BOARD
JOHN A. TILLINGHAST (Chairman),
Tiltec, Portsmouth, New Hampshire
DONALD B. ANTHONY,
Bechtel Corporation, Houston, Texas
RICHARD E. BALZHISER,
Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto California
BARBARA R. BARKOVICH,
Barkovich and Yap, Consultants, San Rafael California
JOHN A. CASAZZA,
CSA Energy Consultants, Arlington, Virginia
RALPH C. CAVANAGH,
Natural Resources Defense Council, San Francisco CA
DAVID E. COLE,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
H. M. (HUB) HUBBARD,
Midwest Research Institute, Golden, Colorado
ARTHUR E. HUMPHREY,
Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania (to February, 1991)
CHARLES IMBRECHT,
California Energy Commission, Sacramento, California
CHARLES D. KOLSTAD,
University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
HENRY R. LINDEN,
Gas Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
JAMES J. MARKOWSKY,
American Electric Power Service Corporation, Columbus OH (to February, 1991)
SEYMOUR L. MEISEL,
Mobile R&D Corporation (retired), Princeton, New Jersey
DAVID L. MORRISON,
The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia
MARC H. ROSS,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
MAXINE L. SAVITZ,
Garrett Ceramic Component Division, Torrance, California
HAROLD H. SCHOBERT,
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA
GLEN A. SCHURMAN,
Chevron Corporation (retired), San Francisco, California
JON M. VEIGEL,
Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
BERTRAM WOLFE,
GE Nuclear Energy, San Jose, California
Staff
ARCHIE L. WOOD, Executive Director,
Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems and Director, Energy Engineering Board (to January, 1991)
MAHADEVAN (DEV) MANI, Director,
Energy Engineering Board
KAMAL J. ARAJ, Senior Program Officer
ROBERT COHEN, Senior Program Officer (retired)
GEORGE LALOS, Senior Program Officer
JAMES J. ZUCCHETTO, Senior Program Officer
JUDITH A. AMRI, Administrative Coordinator
THERESA M. FISHER, Administrative Secretary
JAN C. KRONENBURG, Administrative Secretary (until February, 1991)
PHILOMINA MAMMEN, Administrative Secretary
NANCY WHITNEY, Administrative Secretary
Preface
The Committee on Potential Applications of Concentrated Solar Photons was formed on May 7, 1990 by the Energy Engineering Board of the National Research Council. Its task was to assess potential applications of concentrated solar energy in nonelectric areas and recommend research needed for further development.
To carry out its task, the Committee convened a workshop to assess the current state of the field in a number of potential applications and to discuss technologies for which concentrated solar energy might be utilized. The workshop was held at the facilities of the Solar Energy Institute (SERI) in Golden, Colorado, on November 7–8, 1990. This proceeding is the record of that workshop containing all the summary papers submitted by the speakers as well as the rapporteur reports summarizing the presentations and the discussion.
The committee's final report, which will be published separately, draws on these proceedings for background material.
The committee trusts that papers included in these proceedings will stimulate further interest and study by the technical community.
The committee acknowledges the contribution of Kamal J. Araj, the study director, in organizing and coordinating the workshop and editing the papers that form the proceedings. Administrative secretaries Jan Kronenburg and Susan Clarendon carried out the word processing, revising and rerevising many hundreds of pages of highly technical documents with patience and aplomb.
The committee would like to extend its gratitude to Meir Carasso, SERI Project Manger, for his assistance in coordinating SERI technical presentations; and to Diane Christodaro and Linda Horrell, for their assistance in logistical support and administrative arrangements during the workshop.
Allen J. Bard, Chairman
Committee on Potential Applications of Concentrated Solar Photons
Contents
Session 1 - Water Treatment: Advanced Photooxidation Processes |
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Chemical Models of Advanced Oxidation Processes |
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Mechanistic Studies of the Photocatalytic Behavior of TiO2 Particles in a Photoelectrochemical Slurry Cell and the Relevance to Photodetoxification Reactions |
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Effect of Light Intensity on Photocatalytic Reaction |
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A Comparison of Advanced Oxidation Processes with Semiconductor-Catalyzed Photo-Oxidation |
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Ultrox Operating Experiences with UV/Oxidation; Economics |
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Photocatalyzed Removal of Multiple Contaminants from Water |
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Immobilized Catalysts in Solar Concentrators |
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Photocatalysis with Large-Scale Trough Collectors |
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High-Temperature Photochemistry Induced by Concentrated Solar Radiation |
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Solar Technology Applications in Chemical Waste Management |
Applications of Energetic Particles in Improving Coating Adhesion Properties |
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Pulsed Laser Processing of Solar Cells |
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Surface Modification Technologies Using Concentrated Solar Radiation |
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A Comparison of the Economics of Materials Processing with Solar Furnaces and High-Intensity ARC Lamps |
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Solar Pumped Lasers: Work in Progress at The University of Chicago |
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Blackbody Pumped Lasers |
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Photophysics and Photochemistry of Porphyrin Systems |
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Potential Industrial Applications of Photons |
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Session 6 - Fuel Processing ADN Thermochemical/Photochemical Cycles |
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Gas Research Institute Experience in Solar Fuel Research |
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Thermal, Thermalchemical, and Hybrid Solar Hydrogen Production |
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Chemical Reactions Driven by Concentrated Solar Energy |