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Suggested Citation:"APPENDIXES." National Research Council. 1989. Great Lakes Water Levels: Shoreline Dilemmas : Report on a Colloquium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18405.
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Suggested Citation:"APPENDIXES." National Research Council. 1989. Great Lakes Water Levels: Shoreline Dilemmas : Report on a Colloquium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18405.
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Suggested Citation:"APPENDIXES." National Research Council. 1989. Great Lakes Water Levels: Shoreline Dilemmas : Report on a Colloquium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18405.
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Suggested Citation:"APPENDIXES." National Research Council. 1989. Great Lakes Water Levels: Shoreline Dilemmas : Report on a Colloquium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18405.
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Suggested Citation:"APPENDIXES." National Research Council. 1989. Great Lakes Water Levels: Shoreline Dilemmas : Report on a Colloquium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18405.
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Suggested Citation:"APPENDIXES." National Research Council. 1989. Great Lakes Water Levels: Shoreline Dilemmas : Report on a Colloquium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18405.
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Suggested Citation:"APPENDIXES." National Research Council. 1989. Great Lakes Water Levels: Shoreline Dilemmas : Report on a Colloquium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18405.
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Appendix A Biographical Sketches of Principal Contributors PRESENTEES FRANK HORVATH is the chief scientist of the Great Lakes Information System, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, where he is responsible for consolidating natural resource and envi- ronmental quality data on the Great Lakes into a form accessible and usable by natural resource managers. Mr. Horvath holds an M.S. in aquatic biology and has worked for over 15 years on environmental quality issues in the Great Lakes. He is active on several committees of the International Joint Commission. ORRIN H. PILKEY, JR., received his Ph.D. in geology from Florida State University. Currently he is professor of geology at Duke University. Previously he was associate and assistant professor at the Marine Institute at the University of Georgia and U.S. Geo- logical Survey in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. His area of expertise is in marine geology. His areas of research include geological oceanog- raphy, continental rise and deep basin turbidite sedimentation, and shoreline conservation. Dr. Pilkey is a member of the Geological So- ciety of America and the International Association of Sedimentology. 151

152 APPENDIX A CLANCY PHILIPSBORN has been involved with disaster re- search, mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery since 1975. After working under the direction of Dr. Gilbert White while a grad- uate student at the University of Colorado, Boulder, Philipsborn accumulated extensive on-site disaster experience with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) between 1978 and 1986. He has represented FEMA Region VIII as hazard mitigation offi- cer, federal hazard mitigation coordinator, and federal interagency hazard mitigation team leader. Currently, he is president of The Mitigation Assistance Corporation, which he founded in 1985. FRANKH. QUINN is head, Lake Hydrology Group, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, NOAA, where he is responsible for planning, conducting, and managing a broad-based research pro- gram on hydrologic and ice research in the Great Lakes and similar systems. He has been the acting laboratory director since 1980. He received a Ph.D. in civil engineering from the University of Michigan in 1971. Prior to that, he served as civil engineer, Los Angeles Dis- trict, Corps of Engineers; hydraulic engineer, Lake Survey Center, Detroit District, Corps of Engineers; chief, special studies section, Lake Survey Center, Detroit District, Corps of Engineers; and chief, lake hydrology branch, limnology division, Lake Survey Center, NOS, NOAA. A. DAN TARLOCK received his LL.B. from Stanford University. His professional experience includes private practice, San Francisco, 1966; professor in residence at a law firm in Nebraska, summers of 1977-1979; and consultant. He has been a professor of law at Chicago Kent College of Law since 1981. He has authored and coauthored many publications and articles concerning water resources manage- ment and environmental law and policy. Mr. Tarlock served as a member of a National Research Council committee on pest manage- ment and coauthored one of the basic casebooks in water law. WILLIAM L. WOOD received a Ph.D. in geophysics (oceanic science) from Michigan State University in 1971. He is associate pro- fessor, school of civil engineering, and director, Great Lakes Coastal Research Laboratory, Purdue University. Dr. Wood's research has focused on coastal hydrodynamics, boundary layer processes, and ocean dynamics. Specific interests have been shallow-water wave

APPENDIX A 153 transformation, wave instabilities and breaking, vertical and hori- zontal structure of longshore currents, generation of short-crested waves and their transformation at a coast, sediment entrainment in turbulent boundary layers, stability of coastal profiles in response to storm waves and lake-level variation, and dynamics of subma- rine canyons. Dr. Wood serves on the National Research Council's Committee on Coastal Engineering Measurement Systems. PROVOCATEURS LEE BOTTS was educated at Oklahoma State University. She is currently working as an independent environmental consultant whose recent projects have included development of recommenda- tions for strengthening the city of Chicago's environmental programs and a five-year program strategy for the Great Lakes Office of the Environmental Protection Agency. In 1986 she organized a regional conference to assist local officials with long-term planning in response to rising lake levels, and is currently a consultant to the Chicago Shoreline Protection Commission. She has been codirector of the Environmental Policy Program at the Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Research, Northwestern University; chairman, Great Lakes Basin Commission, Ann Arbor; executive director of the Lake Michi- gan Federation; and coauthor of An Atlas of Great Lakes Resources published by the EPA and Environment Canada in 1987. She has been named by the United Nations' Environmental Program as one of 500 members of "The Global 500," a list of persons who have made a difference for preservation of the environment. CURTIS E. LARSEN is a research geologist with the USGS, where he specializes in the recognition and interpretation of ancient beach deposits. In his present position, he is concerned with the reconstruction of past sea level changes along the Atlantic Coast of the United States as a tool for locating mineral resources. He received his B.S. in geology from the University of Illinois and later studied geological oceanography at the University of Washington. He completed a joint program in anthropology and coastal studies at Western Washington University and completed his doctorate in anthropology at the University of Chicago. He maintains an active research interest in the Great Lakes region.

154 APPENDIX A OKIE LOUCKS received his B.Sc. and M.Sc. at the University of Toronto and his Ph.D. in botany at the University of Wisconsin in 1960. He taught at the University of Wisconsin until 1978, where his research interests were in environmental studies, watershed systems modeling, and land/water interactions. He is now director of the Holcomb Research Institute at Butler University in Indianapolis, a former member of the Water Science and Technology Board, and former chairman of the Committee to Review the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, and he is currently a member of the Committee on USGS Water Resources Research. BRUCE MITCHELL professor and chairman, Department of Geography, University of Waterloo, received a Ph.D. in 1969 from the University of Liverpool. His professional interests encompass natural resource management, especially water and fisheries; policy and program evaluation; institutional arrangements; and decision making and citizen involvement. He is president-elect of the Cana- dian Water Resources Association and vice chairman of the Canadian Association of Geographers. JOHN STOLZENBERG received his Ph.D. in environmental studies from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1975. He has been with the Wisconsin Legislative Council since 1975. He su- pervises the science component of the Legislative Council staff and costaffs the council's Special Committee on Telecommunications. He also staffs the Senate Energy and Environmental Resources Com- mittee and the Assembly Committee on Economic Development. His major projects at the Legislative Council relate to control of acid rain, management of low-level radioactive waste, development of an air pollution permit program, and solid- and hazardous-waste management. He was a member of the National Research Council's Committee to Review the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement from 1984 to 1985. SARAH J. TAYLOR is executive director of the Chesapeake Bay Critical Area Commission. From 1979 to 1985, she was director of the Coastal Resources Division, the coordinating agency for Maryland's Coastal Zone Management Program. Prior to that appointment, she worked as a project manager for Water Supply and Wastewater Man- agement with the Baltimore District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Ms. Taylor received her Ph.D. in 1976 from the Maxwell Graduate

APPENDIX A 155 School of Syracuse University and the New York State College of En- vironmental Sciences and Forestry, specializing in natural resources administration and organizational development. She is also on the executive board of the Coastal States Organization and is an active member of the American Society for Public Administration. PANEL ON GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE WALTRAUD AUGUSTA BRINKMANN received a Ph.D. in geography, with an emphasis in climatology, from the University of Colorado. She is presently professor of geography at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. She holds memberships in the Association of American Geographers, American Meteorological Society, American Quaternary Association, American Association for the Advancement of Science, and Canadian Association of Geographers. STANLEY A. CHANGNON, JR., was chief of the Illinois State Water Survey from 1980 through 1985, and is now chief emeritus and a principal scientist at the Survey. He served from 1954 to 1968 as a research scientist on the staff of the Illinois State Water Survey. He was head of the atmospheric sciences section from 1969 to 1970, and is also a professor of geography at the University of Illinois. He is a member of Sigma X, Pi Mu Epsilon, Illinois Academy of Science, American Geophysical Union, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Weather Modification Association, Amer- ican Association of State Climatologists, and the American Mete- orological Society. He has served on three panels for the National Academy of Sciences. RICHARD F. KOSOBUD is associate dean for research devel- opment and professor of economics at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He received a Ph.D. in economics in 1963 from the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania. His fields of expertise encompass economic theory; macroeconomic policy; and energy, resource, and environ- mental economics. He is a visiting scientist at Argonne National Laboratory. MARIE E. SANDERSON is director, Great Lakes Institute, and professor of geography, University of Windsor. She received a Ph.D. in geography in 1965 from the University of Michigan and has been affiliated with the department of geography since then, offering

156 APPENDIX A courses in climatology, applied climatology, hydrology, and history of geographic thought. She was instrumental in the founding in 1981 of the Great Lakes Institute, the only University-based research facility in Canada devoted to Great Lakes research. Her research has been chiefly in the field of toxic contaminants in the St. Glair-Detroit River region, and more recently in water quantity, and future water levels in the Great Lakes, and their socio-economic impacts. JOEL B. SMITH is an analyst at the U.S. Environmental Pro- tection Agency's Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation. He is currently coordinating EPA's Report to Congress on the effects of climate change on the United States. Mr. Smith has been with EPA since January 1984 and began working on the greenhouse reports in April 1987. He served as an analyst examining oceans and water regulations, and most recently was a special assistant to the assis- tant administrator for policy, planning and evaluation. Mr. Smith received a Master of Public Policy degree from the University of Michigan in 1982. PANEL ON STATE COASTAL EROSION MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS JEANETTE H. LEETE is an adjunct faculty member, geol- ogy department, Macalester College, St. Paul, Minnesota, where she teaches hydrogeology and environmental geology. Since 1985 she has been senior hydrologist, ground water management specialist with the Ground Water Unit, Division of Waters, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. In this capacity her responsibilities encompass carrying out studies and independent investigations of groundwater and groundwater/surface water interactions, e.g. studies of high lake water levels in terminal lakes. Since 1980 Dr. Leete has been presi- dent, Watershed Research Inc., where she has developed interactive hydrogeologic programs that run on IBM-compatible microcomput- ers. In 1986 she received a Ph.D. in hydrology from the University of Minnesota, St. Paul. MARTIN R. JANNERETH received a M.S. in forest ecology with emphasis on soil science and ecology from Michigan State Uni- versity in 1972. He is presently in charge of the Shorelands Man- agement Unit, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, where he implements, administers, and enforces the Shorelands Protection

APPENDIX A 157 and Management Act. He also consults with local officials, state and federal agencies, and the public on planning assistance, shoreland zoning, and technical assistance on Great Lakes related issues. He plans regulatory measures, conducts shoreland recession rate studies, delineates high-risk erosion areas, establishes setback requirements, makes official regulatory designations of high-risk erosion areas, and administers appeals of designation. RICHARD J. MCCARTHY received a M.S. in geology from San Diego State University in 1973. He is senior marine geolo- gist for the California Coastal Commission where he administers the offshore/onshore geological hazards program and supervises the geohazard element of local coastal programs for coastal communi- ties. He is also involved in the use of submersibles, both manned and remotely operated, to identify offshore sand sources for beach nourishment projects. DAVID W. OWENS is director, Division of Coastal Manage- ment, North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Commu- nity Development. His major areas of work include policy guidance and administrative leadership for the agency; representation of the state's coastal management interests with the federal government, other states, local governments, the media, and the public; executive secretary to the state's Coastal Resources Commission; and policy advice and support to the Governor and Department Secretary. He received a Juris Doctor in 1975 and a Master of Regional Planning in 1974 from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

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Much is known about the causes, characteristics, and consequences of Great Lakes water level fluctuation. Nevertheless, human activities around the lakes have evolved in a way that exposes many people and structures to a hazard of substantial proportions. Every indication is that the magnitude of this hazard will increase in the future. Engineering solutions to minimize this hazard have been proposed but never have been implemented. After repeated studies, the effectiveness of these measures remains controversial, and their cost-effectiveness is in doubt.

Public policy toward the development and protection of shore lands appears to be at odds with the physical realities of the lakes. In fact, many of the experts involved in this colloquium argued that existing policy seems to assume the possibility, even the probability, of an engineered solution. Yet alternative policies, more reflective of the limits of technology and of sensible cost-benefit tradeoffs, face significant legal, institutional, political, and social constraints.

Great Lakes Water Levels: Shoreline Dilemmas explains the recommendations and events of the colloquium. This report explains that many of the Great Lakes' problems could be resolved, provided the need to do so is widely perceived for a sufficiently long period. In this case, however, the lakes are not cooperating. After reaching record high levels in 1986, water levels began to fall, and the public sense of urgency waned soon thereafter. Many colloquium participants referred to this relationship between water levels and levels of public interests. Perhaps the greatest challenge is to find a way to formulate and win acceptance for a sensible Great Lakes management policy in the absence of a water level crisis.

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