National Academies Press: OpenBook

Visual Problems of Space Travel (1962)

Chapter: References

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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1962. Visual Problems of Space Travel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18422.
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Page 39
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1962. Visual Problems of Space Travel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18422.
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Page 40
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1962. Visual Problems of Space Travel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18422.
×
Page 41
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1962. Visual Problems of Space Travel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18422.
×
Page 42
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1962. Visual Problems of Space Travel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18422.
×
Page 43
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1962. Visual Problems of Space Travel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18422.
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Page 44

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References 1 Baker. C. A. Man's visual capabilities in space. Unpublished manu- script. Proc. Seventh Annual East Coast Conference on Aero- nautical and Navigational Electronics, October, 1960. Bondurant, S. , Clark, N. P., Blanchard, W. G. , Miller. H., Hesaberg, R. R., & Hiatt, E. P. Human tolerance to some of the accelerations anticipated in space flight. Wright-Patterson AFB: W ADC tech. Rep., 1958, No. 58-156. Boynton, R. M. , Elsworth, C., b Palmer, R. M. Laboratory studies pertaining to visual air reconnaissance. Wright-Patterson AFB: W ADC tech. Rep., 1958. No. 53-304, Pt. III. Brown, J. L. (Ed.) Sensory and perceptual problems related to apace flight. Washington: Nat. Acad. Sci.—Nat. Re«. Council, Pub. No. 872, 1961. Brown, J . L . , &t Burke, R. E. The effect of positive acceleration on visual reaction time. J. avia. Med. , 1958, 29, 48-58. Brown, R. H. The effectiveness of a collimated reticle as an aid to visual detection of aircraft at high altitudes. Washington: NRL Rep., 1953, No. 4863. Buhrlen, L. Versuche uber die bedentung der richtung beim einwirken von fliehkraften auf den menschliken Korper. Luftfahrtmedizin, 1937, 1, 307-325. " Byrnes, V. A., Brown, D. V. L., Rose, H. W., fc Cibis, P. A. Choreoretinal burns produced by atomic flash. Arch, of Ophthal. , 1955. 53, 351. Cochran. L. B., Card, P. W., & Northaworthy, Mary E. Variation in human G tolerance to positive acceleration. Penaacola: USNSch. Avia. Med. Rep., 1954. No. 001 059.02.10. Only this list contains the references used in the Report. The Supplemental References following are presented as a bibliography of additional material available in the field of visual problems in space flight. 39

Cordes. F. C. Eclipse retinitis. Amer. J. Ophthal. , 1948, 31, 101. Clark, B., & Graybiel, A. Human performance during adaptation to stress in the Pensacola slow rotation room. Pensacola: USN Sch. Avia. Med. Rep., 1960, No. 2. (Proj. MR 005. 13-6001, Subtask 1) Culver, J. F., fe Newton, N. L. Early ocular effects of high-energy proton and alpha radiation. Brooks AFB, Tex.: USAF Sch. Avia. Med. Rep., 1961. (No report No.) Duane, T. D. , Beckman, E. L. , Ziegler, J. E. , It Hunter, E. N. Some observations on human tolerance to exposures of 15 trans- verse G. Johnsonville, Pa.: USN Air Develpm. Cent. Rep., 1953, No. MA5305. DuBridge, L. A. Introduction to space. New York: Columbia Univer. Press, 1960~ " Duncker, K. Uber induzierte Bewegung. Psychol. Forsch. , 1929, 12, 180-259. Gauer, O. , & Ruff, S. Die ertraglichkeitsgrenzen fur fliehkrafte in richtung rucken-brust. Luftfahrtmedizin, 1939, 3, 225-230. Gerathewohl, S. J. Physics and psychophysics of weightlessness: visual perception. J. avia. Med. , 1952, 23, 373-395. Gerathewohl, S. J. Zur Frage der Orientierung im Schwerefreien Zustand, (The question of orientation in the gravity-free con- dition), Probleme der Weltraumfahrtforschung. Proc. IV Int. Astronautical Congress, Zurich, Switzerland, August, 1953. (In German) Gerathewohl, S. J., & Stallings, H. D. Experiments during weight- lessness, a study of the oculo-agravic illusion. Randolph AFB: USAF Sch. Avia. Med. Rep., 1958, No. 58-105. Gerathewohl, S. J. Weightlessness in "man in space." In K. Gantz (Ed.)., Man in space. New York: Duell Sloan fe Pearce, 1959. Graybiel, A. The oculogravic illusion. Arch. Ophthal. , 1952, 48, 605-615. Graybiel, A., Clark, B. , f e Zarriello, J. J. Observations on human subjects living in a "slow rotation room" for periods of two days. Arch, of Neurol., 1960, 3, 55-73. 40

Hall, R. j., Brown, H. T., Payne, T. A., & Rogers, J. G. Detection stereotypy. Fullerton, Calif.: Hughes Aircraft Co. Rep., 1960, No. SD 60-119. Hall, R. J. , & Miller, J. W. Feasibility study for a monocular head- mounted display. Fullerton, Calif.: Hughes Aircraft Co. spec, tech. Doc., 1960, No. SD 60-70. Hopkins, C. O., Bauerschmidt, D. K., & Anderson, M. J. Display and control requirements for manned space flight. Wright- Patterson AFB: W ADC tech. Rep., 1960, No. 60-197. Jerison, H. J. Experiments on vigilance: The empirical model for human vigilance (fifth in a series). Wright-Patterson AFB: WADC tech. Rep., 1959, No. 58-B26. Johnson, Beatrice E. , &t Williams, A. C. Obedience to rotation- indicating visual displays as a function of confidence in the displays. Port Washington: USNSpec. Devices Cent. Rep., 1949, No. 71-16-2. Jones, E. R. Prediction of man's vision in and from the Mercury capsule. Paper presented at Aerospace Med. Assoc., Miami Beach, May, 1960. Kahn, A. Human factors in space flight. Missiles and Rockets, 1957, 2, 81-84. Konecci, E. G., &i Trapp, R. Calculations of the radiobiologic risk factors in nuclear powered space vehicles. J. aerospace Med. , 1959, 30, 487-506. Loftus, J. P., & Hammer, Lois R. Weightlessness and performance: A review of the literature. Wright-Patterson AFB: WADC tech. Rep., 1961, No. 61-166. Ludvigh, E. , & Miller, J. W. Study of visual acuity during the ocular pursuit of moving test objects. I. Introduction. J. opt. Soc. Amer. . 1958, 48, 799-802. McGrath, J. J., Harabedian, A., & Buckner, D. N. Review and critique of literature on vigilance performance. Los Angeles: Hum. Factors Research, Inc. tech. Rep., 1959, No. 1. Miller, J. W. Study of visual acuity during the ocular pursuit of moving test objects. II. Effects of direction of movement, relative movement, and illumination. J. opt. Soc. Amer. , 1958, 48, 803-808. 41

Miller, J. W. The use of artificial contrails to increase the visibility of aircraft. Pensacola: USNSch. Avia. Med. Rep., 1959, No. 17. (Res. Proj. MR 005-13-6004, Subtask 2) Miller, J. W. , k Hall, R. J. The problem of motion perception and orientation in the Ganzfeld. Paper presented at NRC —Armed Forces Committee on Vision Meeting, Washington, March, 1961. Miller, J. W. , k Ludvigh, E. Visual detection in a uniformly luminous field. J. avia. Med. , 1958, 29, 603-608. Miller, J. W. , &t Ludvigh, E. The perception of movement persist- ence in the Ganzfeld. J. opt. Soc. Amer. , 1961, 51, 57-60. Oppenheimer, Erika. Optische Versuche uber Ruhe und Bewegung. Psychol. Forsch. , 1934, 20, 1-46. Pigg, L. D. , k Kama, W. N. The effect of transient weightlessness on visual acuity. Wright-Patterson AFB: WADC tech. Rep. , 1961, No. 61-184. Schafer, H. J. Further evaluation of tissue depth doses in proton radiation fields in space. Pensacola: USN Sch. Avia. Med. Rep., 1960, No. 17. (Proj. MR 005.13-1002, Subtask No. 1) Schock, G. J. G. Sensory reactions related to weightlessness and their implications to space flight. Holloman AFB: AFMDC tech. Rep., 1958, No. 58-6. (a) Schock, G. J. G. Apparent motion of a fixed luminous target during subgravity trajectories. Holloman AFB: AFMDC tech. Rep., 1958, No. 58-3. (b) Schock, G. J. G. Perception of the horizontal and vertical in simulated subgravity conditions. Holloman AFB: AFMDC tech. Note, 1959, No. 59-13. Simons, D. G. Space medicine - The human body in space. In Ten steps into apace. Franklin Inst. Monogr. , 1958, 161-178, No. 6. Simons, J. C. Walking under zero-gravity conditions. Wright- Patterson AFB: WADC tech. Rep., 1959, No. 59-327. Strughold, H. , &t Ritter, O. L. Eye hazards and protection in space. J. aerospace Med. , 1960, 31, 670-673. 42

Stumpe, A. R. Health hazards of new aircraft and rocket propellants. J. avia. Med. , 1958, 29, 650-659. Swartz, W. F. , Obermayer, R. W., k Muckler, F. A. Some theo- retical limits of man-periscopic visual performance in an orbital reconnaissance vehicle. Baltimore: The Martin Co. Engng Rep., 1959, No. 10,978. Taylor, J. H. Daytime visibility of stars by the high altitude observer. Part I. The case of unaided vision. San Diego: Scripps Inst. Oceanography, BuShips. 1960. (ASTIA Doc. 251742) (a) Taylor, J. H. Daytime visibility of stars by the high altitude observer. Part II. Optical enhancement by filters, polarizers, and magni- fiers. San Diego: Scripps Inst. Oceanography, BuShips, 1960. (ASTIA Doc. 251743) (b) Verhoeff, F. H. , k Bell, L. The pathological effects of radiant energy on the eye: An experimental investigation. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts k Sci. , 1916, 51, 629-759. ~~ Wald, G. Alleged effects of the near ultraviolet on human vision. J. opt. Soc. Amer., 1952, 42, 171-177. Westbrook, C. B. The pilot's role in spaceflight. Wright-Patterson AFB: W ADC tech. Note, 1959, No. 59-31. White, W. J. Acceleration and vision. Wright-Patterson AFB: WADC tech. Rep., 1958, No. 58-333. White, W. J. Variations in absolute visual thresholds during acceleration stress. Wright-Patterson AFB: WADC tech. Rep., 1960, No. 60-34. White, W. J. , tt Felder, J. The effects of acceleration on the relation between visual acuity and illumination. Unpublished manuscript. Wright-Patterson AFB: WADC tech. Rep., n.d. White, W., k Jorve, W. R. The effects of gravitational stress upon visual acuity. Wright-Patterson AFB: WADC tech. Rep. , 1958, No. 56-247. White, W. J., k Riley, M. B. The effects of positive acceleration on the relation between illumination and instrument reading. Wright-Patterson AFB: WADC tech. Rep., 1958, No. 58-332. 43

Whiteside, T. C. D. Vision in an empty visual field, a subjective technique for the measurement of accommodation. Cambridge, England: FPRC, RAF Inst. Avia. Med. Rep., 1953, No. 850. Winckler, J. R. Cosmic rays from solar flares. Washington: Natl. Acad. Sci.—Nat. Res. Council, IGY Bulletin, 1960, No. 35. Zellmer, R. W., & Allen, R. G. Symposium on aerospace radio- biology, VIII cosmic radiation - laboratory observations. J. aerospace Med. , 1961, 32, 942-946.

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A variety of sensory and perceptual problems will arise in connection with space flight, both for the occupants of space vehicles and in certain instances for support personnel. The solutions to these problems are interrelated and tremendously complex, thus requiring cooperative efforts among many scientific disciplines.

Visual Problems of Space Travel discusses the problems of space flight as they relate to the visual mechanism. This book updates the National Research Council report Sensory and Perceptual Problems Related to Space Flight, and presents additional information regarding specific critical visual problems, as well as a recently compiled, extensive bibliography of research in this file.

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