Damage to Livestock From Radioactive Fallout in Event of Nuclear War: A Report (1963)

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8. 3I2KH.I^, 8LXUKI., 0LMiic, ^M> NWkv0i.oLic l:rrLci8 8.l t<ale 3terility 3tu6ie8 ot tde ettect8 01 total»do6y irra6iation on 8perm prcxluction in dull8 (^00 r) , doar8 (^00 r) , an6 raddit8 (800 r) 8dov no evi6ence ot in6uction ot permanent 8teriliry. Ho 6itterence va8 od8erve6 detveen tne 8eMQn ot tne durro8 expo8e6 to near»letdal level8 in an atomic 6etonation anci tne control durro8 at one year atter expo8ure. Lree6inß capacity an6 8ex 6rive are not impaire6 in mo8t ca8e8, even in expo8ure8 8ud8tantially adc>ve tne lO^. .^ level in male durro8, until ^u8t a tev dour8 detore 6eatd. 8.2 kemale 3terility 0ov8 8urvivinß ^50»?OO r total»do6y expo8ure,6elivere6 in a driet perio6,vere place6 vitd non»irra6iate6 dull8 60 6ay8 atter irra6iation. ^ll cc>nceive6, an6 all calve8 vere normal at dirtd. Ho 6itterence va8 8een in rate ot preßnancy detveen irra6iate6 cov8 an6 control8. Ine 8urvivinß irra6iate6 animal8 are in excellent nealtd tour ^ear8 atter expo8ure. Ho evi6ence ot 8terility or lovere6 tertility na8 deen od8erve6 up to tive vear8 tollovinß expo8ure ot cov8 to total»do6y 6o8e8 ot ^00 r ßamma ra6iation. 3ome ot tdi8 ßroup receive6 an a66itional 6o8e ot ^00 r one to tvc> vear8 atter tne initial expo8ure. Ine8e dave continue6 to exnidit normal tertility. 0alve8 dorn to tne8e cov8 dave deen normal in appearance ancl ßrovtd rate. One temale durro tdat receive6 nearly 800 r total»do6y ra6iation expo8ure (codalt-60) da8 pro6uce6 8everal normal colt8 over a nirie»vear perio6. ^nimal8 8urvivinß expo8ure8 in tne l^^^ ,2« ranße dave 8novn no evi6ence ot 8terilitv, except tor a temporarv perio6, up to nine year8 later. 3vine dave 8novn no evi6ence ot 8terilitv, re6uce6 litter 8i2e, or re6uce6 8urvival at veaninß time vnen 8ov8 are dreci eißdt montd8 or lonßer atter irra6iation. (3ee Iadle XI.) Ho appreciadle inci6ence 01 8terility vill de od8erve6 in animal8 8urvivinß deavy expo8ure to io6ine»l3l or 8trontium-90. It, dovever, a larße 6o8e ot ce8ium-l37 i8 receive6, 8ucn a8 voul6 cau8e tne acute ra6ia» tion 8yn6rome, 8teriliry mißdt re8ult. 3ee 3ection 2.3 tor 6ata on 8ur» vival ot tetu8e8 receivinß tnyroi6-adlative 6o8e8 ot io6ine»l3l 6urinß ße8tation. 39

Iadle XI 3i2e an6 3urvival ot Iitter8 ot 3ov8 Keceivinß One Halt to 0ne l1>^^/^o ^veraße ot tir8t an6 8econ6 litter8 atter expo8ure ?arenta«e Hon» irr a6 ig te6 Irra6iate6 ^ an6 Hon»irra6iate6 § Irra6iate6 (dotd) ?er liter l0.3 ll.0 l0.6 ?arrove6 a live 9.7 l0.5 l0.^ 3urvive6 at veanin^ 8.0 7.2 9.l 8.3 Lmdryolo«ic Lttect8 Irra6iation i8 e8peciall^ darmtul to tne emdrvo. vo8e8 or6inarilv vitdout 6anßer to tde 6am can de ot ßrave con8equence to tde emdr^o 6urinß earlv emdrvonic lite. It na8 deen od8erve6 tdat expo8ure at tde time ot ti88ue 6itterentiation i8 particularlv 6amaßinß. Ine aderration8 en» countere6 are a88ociate6 almo8t entirelv vitd ce88ation ot 6evelopment or ßrovtd ot a particular orßan or orßan 8v8tem. Ine emdrvoloßical ettect8 ot ra6iation expo8ure8 an6 a88ociate6 prodlem8, novever, are ot little con- 8equence in animal8 except tor tne economic lo88 ot tde aderrant vounß. 3terilitv ot animal8 irra6iate6 a8 emdrvo8 na8 not deen 8tu6ie6. 8.^ Lenetic Lttect8 on ^lammalZ ^n increa8e in tde mutation rate ot 6ome8tic animal8 mav de a88ume6 to tollov an increa8e in expo8ure to ioni2inß ra6iation8. Ine ßenetic ettect8 are e88entiallv irreparadle, cumulative, an6 8elt»multiplvinß. It i8 impo88idle to 6i8tinßui8n ra6iation»in6uce6 mutation8 trom tno8e vitn otner cau8e8. ^nv adnormalitie8 procluce6 vill de 01 tne 8ame t^pe a8 tno8e cu8tomarilv 8een, äince tne rate oi mutation8 in 6ome8tic tarm animal8 I.8 poorlv e8tadliLne6 in mo8t in8tance8, or unknovn in otner8, incremental cnanße8 vill prodadlv not de recoßni2e6. Inere are in6ication8 tdat tde ettect ot a ßiven 6o8e i8 intluence6 bv ploi6^, e.ß., tde complex orßani2ation ot cnromo8ome material in niZner ^.U

animal8 mav 8utter ßreater ßenetic in^urv tdan 6oe8 tde 8impler orßani2a» tion in tne 6ro8opnila or even tne mou8e. Novever, tde common practice ot r.e^ectinß poor ßenetic material an6 tne exten8ive u8e ot 2ootecnnical eußenic8 odviate8 a concern tor tne ßenetic eitect8 ot irra6iation in 6o» in«8tic animal8. 8.5 3terility in ?oultrv It i8 delieve6 Unat tne numder ot cnicken8 tdat 8urvive tor 30 6av8 vill de approximatelv tne numder tdat mav de expecte6 to 8urvive tor l80 6av8 or po88idlv lonßer. 1,imite6 8tu6ie8 to 6ate tail to reveal anv per8i8tinß 8cmatic ettect8 on eßß prcxiuction an6 tertilitv or datcnadilit^ in cdicken8 8urvivinß external ra6iation. Ini8 appear8 to de in aßreement «itd tne experience in tde «ar8nall I8lan68. lIdicken8 tnere vere expo8e6 to external ßamma ra6iation 6o8e8 ot 280-360 r, plu8 ra6ionucli6e contamination. 3tu6ie8 ma6e on total eßß prcxiuction an6 rate oi pro6uc- tion reveale6 no evi6ence ot anv ettect ot ra6iation. ?ertilitv ot tne den8 an6 tne datcnadilitv oi tne eßß8 pro6uce6 vere normal. Ide cnick8 datcne6 al8o appeare6 normal. 4l