Damage to Livestock From Radioactive Fallout in Event of Nuclear War: A Report (1963)

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^r^ci8 or co«i^ci «nn it^oio^ciivi: nzilni^8 5.l Lxternal Lttec!i8 (ZH6Jation Lurn8) Ine external ra6iation durn8 6ue to contact vitn ti88ion pro6uct8 or odner ra6ioactive nucli6e8 tollovinß nuclear 6etonation8 are principall^ tne re8ult ot deta ra6iation. Inev are in^urie8 commonlv 8een on neard^ animal8 tollovinß a nuclear 6etonation «nen particulate tallout material lo6ße8 in tneir coat8 or on tneir 8kin8, tnu8 keepinß tne ra6ioacliive element8 in po8ition 8utticientlv lonß to pro6uce vnat N28 deen calle6 "deta durn8". Inere can de a N22ar6 to ner68men an6 adattoir emplo^ee8 vdo dan6le tne animal8 8o expo8e6. Luil6inß8 an6 equipment can al8o decome contaminate6. It i8 quite po88idle tnat letNal pn^8ioloßical ettect8 trom deta ra6ia» tion ma^ rarel^ or never de 8een in tarm animal8 tollovinß nuclear 6etona» tion8, 8ince level8 ot deta ra6iation nißn enoußn to cau8e 8ucn ettect8 voul6 un6er mo8ti circum8tance8 de accompanie6 d^ ßaMMa ra6iation ot 8utti» cient maßnitu6e to 6eliver an overvnelminß total»dcxl^ expo8ure. Ine cattle acci6entall^ expo8e6 to adout 39 ,000 rep at <ine Irinitv Ie8t in l9^5 8ur» vive6. Ine ratio ot 8kin expo8ure to total»dcxl^ expo8ure va8 39,000 rep (to multiple toci on dne dack) to l^0 r ot total»dcxl^ expo8ure. 3ince dne pn^8ioloßical re8pon8e to tne ettect8 ot deta particle8 on tne 8kin i8 ex» pre88e6 d^ a mecnani8m 6itterent trom tnat u8e6 tor ßaMMa expo8ure to tne total dcxl^, dne 8^mptomatic re8pon8e to a deta/ßaMMa tlux coul6 de at mo8t equal to tne re8pon8e8 to tne tvo tvpe8 ct ra6iation in^urv applie6 8epa» ratel^. ?rom «Nat i8 knovn d^ tne od8ervation ot acci6entall^ expo8e6 animal8, dovever, it prodadlv i8 vi8e to con8i6er tne ettect8 a8 overlappinß an6 nor a66itive to an^ marke6 extent. 5.2 »urn Iype8 One 6itterence detveen tnermal durn8 an6 deta durn8 relate8 to time. Ine re8pon8e to dnermal durn8 i8 imme6iate, vnile 8everal 6a^8 or veek8 ma^ pa88 detore pn^8ical 8ißn8 ot dne deta durn8 are apparent. vo8e8 re- quire6 !io ettect a durn var^ vivn dne enerß^ (Iadle IX). 30

Iadle !X Leta 8.a6iation ?ro6ucinß Kecoßni2adle In^urv to tne 3kin ot a ?iß L8timate6 Le!ia ^veraße Lnerßv 3urtace vo8e vo8e a t 0.09 mm I8otope (Kev) (ra68) (rac 18 , uc/cm^) 3ultur»35 0.l? 20,000 l,200 codalt-60 0.3l 4,000 l,600 0e8ium- l37 0.55 2,000 l,?00 'ittrium-9l l.53 l,500 l,200 ?do8pdorou8»32 l.?l 2,000 - 3trontium-90 2.?0 2,000 » Ine8e le8ion8 mav de cla88itie6 dv tneir 8everitv: (l) Lpi6er>nal atropnv vnicn tollov8 a lov 6o8e ot ra6iation. ^ltdoußn a 8liZnt 6epißmentation ot dne coat n>av de 8een a tev veek8 atter expo8ure, tne 8kin i8 u8ual.lv intact an6 anv atropnv recoßni2e6 i8 onlv micro8copic. (2) Lxtoliative 6v8«erato8i8 vnicn tollov8 a more inten8ive expo8ure. in vnicn tne 8«in decome8 tla«v an6 extoliate8. (^ cnronic ra6iation 6erma- titi8 u8uallv tollov8 tni8 livpe ot durn.) ^tvpical cell torm8 are cn2racteri8ticallv toun6 in dne epi6ermi8, N2ir tollicle8 are u8ualIV 6e8trove6, an6 tne 8urroun6inß ti88ue8 pro6uce a 6epißmenlie6 coat color. (3) Iran8epi6ermal necro8i8, tne 8evere8li tvpe ot deta durn vnicn, except tor tne latent 6evelop» ment mentione6 adove, re8emdle8 a tnermal durn vidn e6ema, dullou8 6e8quamaliion, an6 le8ion, dut tne coat vill not reßrov. ^roun6 tne e6ße8 ot 8ucn a voun6 mav de toun6 dne le8ion8 cn2racteri8tic ot dne dvo le88er tvpe8 ot deta durn8. ^ carcinoma ot tne 8l<in ot tne dack eventual1v 6evelope6 in tnree deet cov8 kept tor l5» l? vear8 atter tne Irinitv expo8ure to approximatelv 2l

39,N00 rep 8kin 6o8e, 6elivere6 over l0 per cent or more ot tde do6^ 8ur» tace, an6 l^0 r total»do6^ 6o8e. l!xternal ra6iation durn8 upon tde dack8 an6 teet ot animal8 vill 6etract little trom tneir too6 value. It i« un» likel^ tdat expo8ure8 ot tde dack or teet ot animal8 vill contridute an^ 8ud8tantial increa8e in line ettect8 ot external vdole»do6^ irra6iation a88ocia!ie6 vitd it. Ine in^urv trom contact vitn tallout particle8 to dne 8kin ot tocxi animal8, u8uallv tne dack, 6epen68 upon tde contamination 6en8itv an6 tne lenßtd ot time oi tne contact. Ini8 can de 6e8cride6 d^ tne term "accumulate6 contami nation 6en8itv" an6 expre88e6 d^ tne unit ^c - dr/cm^ . Ine term inclu6e8 dotd tde prece6inß tactor8 anci nence can de emplo^e6 a2 2 mea8ure ot N22ar6 ot 8kin lrra6iation 6ue to tallout. Ine expre88ion ^c - nr/cm^ implie8 tdat it make8 no 6itterence vnetder an expo8ure ot 200 ^c » nr/cm^ re8ult8 trom 20O ^c/cm^ in contact vitd tde 8kin tor one dour or 20 ^c/c>n^ tor ten dour8. ^ ver^ roußd empirical relation8nip i8 a8 tollov8: Ine deta»ra^ 6o8e 6elivere6 d^ ti88ion prcxluct8 on tne 8kin (prodadle mo8 t applicadle to 8vine) vill de 5 ra68/dr vden tde 8urtace contan>i nation on tde ßroun6 equal8 tdat on tne dack ot an animal an6 i8 one >^c/cm^ . (Idi8 e8timate i8 a6apte6 irom tde H0Il? Nan6dook, Keport O29.) 32