National Academies Press: OpenBook

Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment (2014)

Chapter: Appendix C: Acronyms Used in the Report

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms Used in the Report." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2014. Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18625.
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C Acronyms Used in the Report

ACADIS Advanced Cooperative Arctic Data and Information Service
ADEC Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation
AIS Automatic Identification System
ANC Alaska Native Corporation
AON Arctic Observing Network
AOOS Alaska Ocean Observing System
API American Petroleum Institute
ASOS Automated Surface Observing System
AUV Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
 
BOEM Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
BSEE Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement
 
CANUS Canada-United States Joint Marine Pollution Contingency Plan
CANUSNORTH Canada-United States Joint Marine Pollution Contingency Plan, Beaufort Sea Geographic Annex
COMIDA The Chukchi Sea Offshore Monitoring in Drilling Area
CRREL U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
 
DBO Distributed Biological Observatory
DOD U.S. Department of Defense
DWH Deepwater Horizon
 
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ERMA Environmental Response Management Application
ESI Environmental Sensitivity Index
 
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms Used in the Report." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2014. Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18625.
×
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
FLIR Forward-Looking Infrared
FOSC Federal On-Scene Coordinator
 
GIRG Global Industry Response Group
GPR Ground Penetrating Radar
GPS Global Positioning System
 
HFR High-Frequency Radar
HRVO High-Reliability Virtual Organization
 
IARPC Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee
ICE-ARC Ice, Climate, Economics—Arctic Research on Change
IR Infrared
ISB In Situ Burning
 
JIP Joint Industry Program
 
LERPC Local Emergency Response Planning and Coordination
LIDAR Light Detection and Ranging
 
MARPOL The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships
MODIS Moderate Resolution Imagine Spectroradiometer
 
NCP National Contingency Plan
NEBA Net Environmental Benefit Analysis
NIMS/ICS National Incident Management System / Incident Command System
NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NRC National Research Council
NRDA National Resource Damage Assessment
NRT National Response Team
NSB North Slope Borough
NSF National Science Foundation
NSIDC National Snow and Ice Data Center
NWAB Northwest Arctic Borough
 
OCS Outer Continental Shelf
OMA Oil-Mineral Aggregate
OPA 90 The Oil Pollution Act of 1990
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms Used in the Report." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2014. Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18625.
×
OPRC International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response, and Cooperation
OSLTF Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund
OSRO Oil Spill Removal Organization
 
PacMARS Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis
PAH Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
PRAC Primary Response Action Contractor
 
RP Responsible Party
RRT Regional Response Team
 
SAON Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks
SAR Synthetic Aperture Radar
SINTEF Foundation for Scientific and Industrial Research (Norway)
SOAR Synthesis of Arctic Research
SOSC State On-Scene Coordinator
 
UAF University of Alaska Fairbanks
UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
USCG U.S. Coast Guard
USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
USGS U.S. Geological Survey
 
VEC Valued Ecosystem Component
VLOS Very Large Oil Spill
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms Used in the Report." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2014. Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18625.
×

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms Used in the Report." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2014. Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18625.
×
Page 193
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms Used in the Report." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2014. Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18625.
×
Page 194
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms Used in the Report." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2014. Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18625.
×
Page 195
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms Used in the Report." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2014. Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18625.
×
Page 196
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U.S. Arctic waters north of the Bering Strait and west of the Canadian border encompass a vast area that is usually ice covered for much of the year, but is increasingly experiencing longer periods and larger areas of open water due to climate change. Sparsely inhabited with a wide variety of ecosystems found nowhere else, this region is vulnerable to damage from human activities. As oil and gas, shipping, and tourism activities increase, the possibilities of an oil spill also increase. How can we best prepare to respond to such an event in this challenging environment?

Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment reviews the current state of the science regarding oil spill response and environmental assessment in the Arctic region north of the Bering Strait, with emphasis on the potential impacts in U.S. waters. This report describes the unique ecosystems and environment of the Arctic and makes recommendations to provide an effective response effort in these challenging conditions. According to Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment, a full range of proven oil spill response technologies is needed in order to minimize the impacts on people and sensitive ecosystems. This report identifies key oil spill research priorities, critical data and monitoring needs, mitigation strategies, and important operational and logistical issues.

The Arctic acts as an integrating, regulating, and mediating component of the physical, atmospheric and cryospheric systems that govern life on Earth. Not only does the Arctic serve as regulator of many of the Earth's large-scale systems and processes, but it is also an area where choices made have substantial impact on life and choices everywhere on planet Earth. This report's recommendations will assist environmentalists, industry, state and local policymakers, and anyone interested in the future of this special region to preserve and protect it from damaging oil spills.

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