THE ARC OF THE ACADEMIC |
Issues and Implications for U.S. Science and Engineering Leadership
Summary of a Workshop
Beryl Lieff Benderly, Rapporteur
Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy
Policy and Global Affairs
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES,
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Grant No. B2013-31 between the National Academy of Sciences and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organization that provided support for the project.
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International Standard Book Number 10: 0-309-29896-2
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Copyright 2014 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE FOR THE WORKSHOP ON THE ARC OF THE ACADEMIC RESEARCH CAREER
RICHARD N. ZARE [NAS] (chair), Marguerite Blake Wilbur Professor, Stanford University
DAVID DANIEL [NAE], President, The University of Texas at Dallas
DIANE E. GRIFFIN [NAS, IOM], Alfred and Jill Sommer Professor, Chair in Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
SHIRLEY M. MALCOM [NAS] Head of the Directorate for Education and Human Resources Programs, American Association for the Advancement of Science
PERCY A. PIERRE [NAE], Vice President and Professor Emeritus, Michigan State University
E. ALBERT REECE [IOM], Vice President for Medical Affairs, Bowers Distinguished Professor and Dean, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore
Staff
KEVIN FINNERAN, Director
MARIA LUND DAHLBERG, Research Associate
NEERAJ GORKHALY, Research Associate
MARION RAMSEY, Administrative Associate (until October 2013)
Consultants
BERYL LIEFF BENDERLY, Consultant Writer and Rapporteur
COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND PUBLIC POLICY
RICHARD N. ZARE [NAS] (chair), Marguerite Blake Wilbur Professor, Stanford University
LINDA M. ABRIOLA [NAE], Dean of Engineering, Tufts University
SUSAN ATHEY [NAS], Professor, Graduate School of Business, Stanford University
MOSES H. W. CHAN [NAS], Evan Pugh Professor of Physics, Pennsylvania State University
RALPH J. CICERONE [NAS] (ex-officio), President, National Academy of Sciences
PAUL CITRON [NAE], Vice President (retired), Technology Policy and Academic Relations, Medtronic, Inc.
DAVID DANIEL [NAE], President, The University of Texas at Dallas
GORDON R. ENGLAND [NAE], President, E6 Partners LLC
HARVEY V. FINEBERG [IOM] (ex-officio), President, Institute of Medicine
DIANE E. GRIFFIN [NAS, IOM], Alfred and Jill Sommer Professor, Chair in Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
JOHN G. HILDEBRAND [NAS], Regents Professor, Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona
DAVID KORN [IOM], Consultant in Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital; Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School
C. D. MOTE, JR. [NAE] (ex-officio), President, National Academy of Engineering
PERCY A. PIERRE [NAE], Vice President and Professor Emeritus, Michigan State University
E. ALBERT REECE [IOM], Vice President for Medical Affairs, Bowers Distinguished Professor and Dean, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore
MICHAEL S. TURNER [NAS], Rauner Distinguished Service Professor, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, The University of Chicago
NANCY S. WEXLER [IOM], Higgins Professor of Neuropsychology, Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
PETER WOLYNES [NAS], D.R. Bullard-Welch Foundation Professor of Chemistry, Center for Theoretical Biological Physics-BCR, Rice University
Staff
KEVIN FINNERAN, Director
TOM ARRISON, Senior Program Officer
GURU MADHAVAN, Program Officer
MARIA LUND DAHLBERG, Research Associate
NEERAJ GORKHALY, Research Associate (until February 2014)
MARION RAMSEY, Administrative Associate (until October 2013)
Reviewer Acknowledgments
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Academies’ Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for quality and objectivity. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.
We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report: Susan Carlson, University of California; Paul Citron, University of California-San Diego; Donna Ginther, Kansas University; Peter McPherson, Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities; and Henry Sauermann, Georgia Institute of Technology.
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the report, nor did they see the final draft before its release. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the rapporteur and the institution.
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