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Behind the Numbers: U.S. Trade in the World Economy (1992)

Chapter: References and Bibliography

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Suggested Citation:"References and Bibliography." National Research Council. 1992. Behind the Numbers: U.S. Trade in the World Economy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1865.
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References and Bibliography

Adams, D. 1989 Priority Issues: Improving Foreign Trade Statistics—Quality Issues. Paper prepared for the Panel on Foreign Trade Statistics, Committee on National Statistics, National Research Council. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.

Alterman, W. 1990 U.S. import and export price indexes—second quarter 1990. Bureau of Labor Statistics News (July):1-28.

1992 Price trends in U.S. trade: new data, new insights. In P. Hooper and J.D. Richardson, eds., International Economic Transactions: Issues in Measurement and Empirical Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Alwan, L.C., and H.V. Roberts 1988 Time series modelling for statistical process control. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics (6):87-96.

Arndt, H. 1984 Measuring trade in financial services. Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review 149(June):197-213.

Ascher, B., and O. Whichard 1992 Developing a data system for international sales of services: progress, problems, and prospects. In P. Hooper and J.D. Richardson, eds., International Economic Transactions: Issues in Measurement and Empirical Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Auerbach, S. 1987 Trade deficit report rocks stocks, bonds. The Washington Post (October 15):A1.

Suggested Citation:"References and Bibliography." National Research Council. 1992. Behind the Numbers: U.S. Trade in the World Economy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1865.
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Bailey, V., and S. Bowden 1985 Understanding United States Foreign Trade Data. International Trade Administration. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.

Bailey, V., and J. Tucker 1989 Harmonized Trade Data Time Series. SITC Rev.3 3-Digit Commodities 1986—First Half 1989. International Trade Administration. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.

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Bezirganian, S.D. 1991 Affiliates of foreign companies: operations in 1989. Survey of Current Business 71(7):72-93.

Boskin, M. 1990 Testimony before the Joint Economic Committee, U.S. Congress. (March) Council of Economic Advisers, Washington, D.C.

1991 Testimony before the Subcommittee on Government Information and Regulation, Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs. (May) Council of Economic Advisers, Washington, D.C.

Bowerman, B.L., and R.T. O'Connell 1987 Time Series Forecasting, 2nd ed. Boston: Duxbury Press.

Box, G.E.P., and G.M. Jenkins 1976 Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control, rev. edition. San Francisco: Holden-Day.

Bureau of the Census 1974 Standards for Discussion and Presentation of Error in Data. Technical Paper 32. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.

1980 U.S. Foreign Trade Statistics: Classifications and Cross-Classifications, Section 1. Schedule B Export Classifications Correlated with Schedule E, Agricultural, Nonagricultural, End-Use, and SIC-Based Product Codes. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.

1983 Unpublished report of an intra-agency committee established by the Associate Director for Economic Fields to review confidentiality issues in the foreign trade statistics program.

1986a Automated Reporting Program for Exporting Companies. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.

1986b U.S. Commodity Exports and Imports as Related to Output: 1982 and 1981. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.

1987 Highlights of U.S. Export and Import Trade. FT990 April 1987. August. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.

1988a Form 7525-V-ALT-(Intermodal): Shipper's Export Declaration. Primarily for vessel shipments. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.

Suggested Citation:"References and Bibliography." National Research Council. 1992. Behind the Numbers: U.S. Trade in the World Economy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1865.
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1988b 1986 Annual Survey of Manufactures. Geographic Area Statistics. M86(AS)-3. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.

1988c 1986 Annual Survey of Manufactures: Statistics for Industry Groups and Industries. (Including Capital Expenditures, Inventories, and Supplemental Labor, Fuel, and Electric Energy Costs). M86(AS)-1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.

1988d 1986 Annual Survey of Manufactures. Value of Product Shipments. M86(AS)-2. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.

1989a Analytical Report Series: Manufacturing. Exports from Manufacturing Establishments: 1985 and 1986. AR86-1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.

1989b 1987 Census of Manufactures and Census of Mineral Industries. Numerical List of Manufactured and Mineral Products. Reference Series, MC87-R-1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.

1989c 1987 Census of Manufactures: Preliminary Report Industry Series. Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Products, Industries 3491, 3492, 3493, 3494, 3495, 3496, 3497, 3498, and 3499. MC87-134F(P). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.

1989d 1987 Industry and Product Classification Manual (1987 SICBasis). EC87-R-3. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.

1989e “Paperless” Foreign Trade Statistics, FY 1991 Budget Initiative. (May) Foreign Trade Division, Bureau of the Census. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.

1990a Adjustment of U.S. Merchandise Trade Data for Seasonality and Price Change. (March) Foreign Trade Division, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.

1990b Foreign Trade Statistics. CFF No. 14. (March) Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.

Bureau of Economic Analysis 1990a U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Operations of U.S. Parent Companies and Their Foreign Affiliates, Revised 1987 Estimates. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.

1990b Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: 1987 Benchmark Survey, Final Results. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.

1990c The Balance of Payments of the United States—Concepts, Data Sources and Estimating Procedures . Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.

1991a Revaluation of the U.S. Net International Investment Position. BEA 91-25. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.

1991b Summary of U.S. International Transactions. BEA 91-26. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.

Suggested Citation:"References and Bibliography." National Research Council. 1992. Behind the Numbers: U.S. Trade in the World Economy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1865.
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Bureau of Labor Statistics 1988 LABSTAT Users Guide. NIH/BOEING Version, Including LABSTAT Browse. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor.

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1988 Survey of issues and review. Pp. 247-262 in L. Castle and C. Findlay, eds., Pacific Trade in Services. Boston: Allen & Unwin.

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Council of Economic Advisers 1990 Economic Report of the President. Annual Report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

1991 Economic Report of the President. Annual Report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Suggested Citation:"References and Bibliography." National Research Council. 1992. Behind the Numbers: U.S. Trade in the World Economy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1865.
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Cremeans, J. 1989 Progress Report on the National Trade Data Bank (NTDB). December. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.

Customs Service 1985 U.S. Customs Service Automated Broker Interface. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Treasury.

1986 Harmonized System Handbook: A Guide to the New U.S. Tariffs. HB 3600-06. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Treasury.

1987 ACS Overview. Office of Automated Commercial System Operations. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Treasury.

1988 ABI Information Package. Office of Automated Commercial System Operations. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Treasury.

1989a Census Interface—Processing Procedures. Customs Directive 3560-01. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Washington, D.C.

1989b Export Commodity System, FY 1991. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Washington, D.C.

Customs Service and Bureau of the Census 1988 Memorandum of Understanding—Continued Cooperation, Automated Broker/Census Interface. Washington, D.C.: U.S Department of the Treasury and U.S. Department of Commerce.

Deardorff, A., and R. Stern 1990 Computational Analysis of Global Trading Arrangements. Department of Economics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Devlin, D. 1988 The balance of payments. Pp. 3-22, Section 3, in I. Walter and T. Murray, eds., Handbook of International Business. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Dickerson, D. 1989 Impact of Raising the Export Exemption Level from $1,500 to $2,000 and $2,500. Internal memorandum to B. Walter, through K. Puzzilla, June 5. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.

DiLullo, A. 1980 Service transactions in the U.S. international accounts, 1970-1980 Survey of Current Business 61(November):29-46.

DiLullo, A., and O. Whichard 1990 U.S. international sales and purchases of services. Survey of Current Business September 70(9):37-72.

Du Bois, M. 1989 EC ministers agree to end border checks. The Wall Street Journal (October 10):A16.

The Economist 1988 In a maze of numbers. The Economist (August 20):61-62.

Suggested Citation:"References and Bibliography." National Research Council. 1992. Behind the Numbers: U.S. Trade in the World Economy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1865.
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Energy Information Administration 1989 Quarterly Coal Report: April-June 1989. Publication DOE/EIA-012 (89/2Q). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy.

Farrell, M. 1989 Creating the Exporter Data Base (EDB)—Rev. 1. October. Memorandum to Don Adams, Chief, Foreign Trade Division. Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.

Farrell, M., and A. Radspieler 1988 Origin of Merchandise Exports Data. Foreign Trade Division, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.

1989 Census Bureau State-By-State Foreign Trade Data: Historical Perspectives; Current Situation; Future Outlook. Paper presented to the National Governors' Association, Committee on International Trade and Foreign Relations (May) Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.

Farrell, M., and M. Risha 1989 More than 100,000 exporters ship U.S. manufactured goods, Census Bureau reports. U.S. Department of Commerce News. Bureau of the Census. CB89-92. (June) Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.

Federal Reserve Bulletin 1990 The Federal Reserve in the payments system. Federal Reserve Bulletin (May):293-298.

Feketekuty, G. 1988 International Trade in Services. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute.

Fouch, G., and S. Bezirganian 1990 Growth in foreign direct investment in the United States outpaced that of U.S. direct investment abroad in 1989. U.S. Department of Commerce News. Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. BEA 90-30. (July) Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.

Fuerbringer, J. 1989 For collectors of U.S. data, a close call last month. The New York Times (November 3):C1.

1990 A rusty statistical compass for U.S. policy mappers. Chance 3(1):36-39.

Fusfeld, H. 1989 Proceedings of an International Conference on Changing Global Patterns of Industrial Research and Development. Sponsored by the Center for Science and Technology Policy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute School of Management, and Trygghetsradet SAF-PTK, Swedish Employment Security Council.

Gardner, B., and J. Ashcroft 1988 Letter to Mr. James C. Miller, Director, Office of Management

Suggested Citation:"References and Bibliography." National Research Council. 1992. Behind the Numbers: U.S. Trade in the World Economy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1865.
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and Budget State-by-State Data on Exports and Imports. Washington, D.C.: National Governors' Association.

Gbur, E. 1986 Memorandum: Feasibility of Sampling SED's under $2,500. Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.

1987 Effect of Increasing the Reporting Exemption Level for Exports. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.

Gibbs, M. 1985 Continuing the international debate on services. Journal of World Trade Law 19(May-June):199-218.

Gonenc, R. 1988 Changing economics of international trade in services. Pp. 167-186 in B.R. Guile and J.B. Quinn, eds., Technology in Services, Policies for Growth, Trade, and Employment . National Academy of Engineering. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

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Greenwell, J. 1988 Census computer applications: can frequent exporters afford not to participate in the Automated Export Reporting Program? The Exporter (July):1-3.

Hausman, J., and M. Watson 1985 Seasonal adjustment with measurement error present. Journal of the American Statistical Association 80:531-540.

1990 Seasonal adjustment of preliminary data. Journal of the American Statistical Association 90:640-648.

Helfand, S., V. Natrella, and A. Pisarski 1984 Statistics for Transportation, Communication, and Finance and Insurance: Data Availability and Needs. Committee on National Statistics, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

Hershey, R. 1988 Making trade data more precise. The New York Times (May 17):D1.

Hoekman, B., and R. Stern 1992 Evolving patterns of trade and investment in services. P. Hooper and J.D. Richardson, eds., International Economic Transactions: Issues in Measurement and Empirical Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Howenstine, N. 1989 U.S. affiliates of foreign companies: 1987 benchmark survey results Survey of Current Business (July):116-139.

Suggested Citation:"References and Bibliography." National Research Council. 1992. Behind the Numbers: U.S. Trade in the World Economy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1865.
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Huang, E. 1987 Report on low value ratio using Automated Broker Interface data. Internal Census Bureau Memorandum to B. Walter, December 17.

Interagency Committee on Measurement of Real Output, Subcommittee on Prices 1973 Report on criteria for choice of unit values or wholesale prices as deflators (the Searle Committee Report). Originally mimeographed June 17, 1960; reprinted with changes and a brief summary of the appendices. Review of Income and Wealth 19(3)(September):253-266.

International Monetary Fund 1986a Final Report of the Working Party on the Statistical Discrepancy in World Current Account Balances. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund.

1986b Direction of Trade Statistics Yearbook. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund.

1990a International Capital Markets, Developments and Prospects. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund.

1990b Direction of Trade Statistics Yearbook. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund.

1991 International Capital Markets, Developments and Prospects. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund.

1992 Final Report of the Working Party on the Study of the Measurement of International Capital Flows.

International Trade Administration 1988 International Direct Investment: Global Trends and the U.S. Role. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.

1989 COMPRO: General Overview. (June 30) U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.

Inter-Secretariat Working Group on National Accounts 1990 System of National Accounts (SNA) Review Issues: Discussion paper for 1990 Regional Commission Meetings on SNA. Provisional Future ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/2/Rev.4. February. Statistical Office, United Nations, New York.

Jabine, T. 1984 The Comparability and Accuracy of Industry Codes in Different Data Systems. Committee on National Statistics, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

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Jones, S. 1990 Thoughts on Longer-Range Improvements in the Federal Statistical Program. Paper presented to the meeting of the Commit-

Suggested Citation:"References and Bibliography." National Research Council. 1992. Behind the Numbers: U.S. Trade in the World Economy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1865.
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tee on National Statistics, National Research Council, February 9-10. U.S. Department of the Treasury Washington, D.C.

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1991 Foreign Direct Investment: The Neglected Twin of Trade. Group of Thirty, occasional papers, #33. Washington, D.C.: Group of Thirty.

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Suggested Citation:"References and Bibliography." National Research Council. 1992. Behind the Numbers: U.S. Trade in the World Economy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1865.
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Transactions: Issues in Measurement and Empirical Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

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1987 The competitiveness and comparative advantage of U.S. multinationals, 1957-1984. Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review 161(June):147-165.

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Suggested Citation:"References and Bibliography." National Research Council. 1992. Behind the Numbers: U.S. Trade in the World Economy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1865.
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Mackay, E. 1982 The accuracy of international trade data. Intereconomics 5(Sept.-Oct.):251-255.

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Suggested Citation:"References and Bibliography." National Research Council. 1992. Behind the Numbers: U.S. Trade in the World Economy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1865.
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Suggested Citation:"References and Bibliography." National Research Council. 1992. Behind the Numbers: U.S. Trade in the World Economy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1865.
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Suggested Citation:"References and Bibliography." National Research Council. 1992. Behind the Numbers: U.S. Trade in the World Economy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1865.
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Stekler, L. 1989 Adequacy of International Transactions and Position Data for Policy Coordination. NBER Working Paper No. 2844. Washington, D.C.: National Bureau of Economic Research.

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Stekler, L., and G.V.G. Stevens 1992 The adequacy of U.S. direct investment data. In P. Hooper and J.D. Richardson, eds., International Economic Transactions: Issues in Measurement and Empirical Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

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America's international economic decisions rest to a large degree on the information available to policymakers. Yet the quality of international trade and financial data is in serious doubt. This book reveals how our systems for collecting and analyzing trade data have fallen behind the times—and presents recommendations for new approaches to accuracy and usefulness of these economic data.

The volume traces the burgeoning use of international economic data by public and private analysts at a time when the United States is becoming increasingly integrated into the world economy. It also points out problems of capturing new transactions, comparing data from different sources, limited access to the data, and more. This is the first volume to review all three types of U.S. international data—merchandise trade, international services transactions, and capital flows. Highlights include:

  • Specific steps for U.S. agencies to take.
  • Special analyses on improving the accuracy of merchandise trade data, filling data gaps on the fast-growing international services transactions, and understanding structural changes in world capital markets.
  • Comments, complaints, and suggestions from an original survey of more than 100 key users of trade data.

This practical volume will be invaluable to policymakers, government officials, business executives, economists, statisticians, and researchers.

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