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Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Related Ecological Characteristics: Report of a Workshop (2014)

Chapter: Appendix E: Acronyms and Initialisms

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Acronyms and Initialisms." National Research Council. 2014. Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Related Ecological Characteristics: Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18711.
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Appendix E


Acronyms and Initialisms

ABoVE

Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment
AEM

Airborne Electromagnetic
AirMOSS

Airborne Microwave Observatory of Subcanopy and Subsurface
AIRS

Atmospheric Infrared Sounder
AIRSAR

Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar
AirSWOT

Air Surface Water and Ocean Topography
ALOS-2

Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2
ALT

Active Layer Thickness
AMSR

Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer
ASCAT

Advanced Scatterometer
ASTER

Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
ATLAS

Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System
AVHRR

Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
AVIRIS

Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer
CALM

Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring
CASI

Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager
CIR

Color Infrared
CoReH2O

Cold Regions Hydrology
CrIS

Cross-track Infrared Sounder
DEM

Digital Elevation Model
DOE

U.S. Department of Energy
DOI

U.S. Department of the Interior
DUE

Data User Element
ECV

Essential Climate Variable
EM

Electromagnetic Spectrum
ENVISAT

Environmental Satellite
EO-1

Earth Observing 1
ESA

European Space Agency
EU

European Union
FLEX

Fluorescence Explorer
GCOM-C

Global Change Observation Mission (Climate)
GCOM-W

Global Change Observation Mission (Water)
GCOS

Global Climate Observing System
GIS

Geographic Information System
GOES

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite
GOSAT

Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite
GPM

Global Precipitation Measurement
GPR

Ground-Penetrating Radar
GRACE

Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
GRACE-FO

Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment-Follow-On
HRV

High-Resolution Visible
Page 74 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Acronyms and Initialisms." National Research Council. 2014. Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Related Ecological Characteristics: Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18711.
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HyspIRI

Hyperspectral Infrared Imager
IEM

Integrated Ecosystem Model
IGOS

Integrated Global Observing Strategy
InSAR

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar
IR

Infrared
JAXA

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
LAI

Leaf Area Index
LiDAR

Light Detection and Ranging
LST

Land Surface Temperature
MABEL

Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental LiDAR
MERRA

Modern Era-Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications
MLA

Mercury Laser Altimeter
MODIS

Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
NARR

North American Regional Reanalysis
NASA

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NDVI

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
NGEE

Next Generation Ecosystem Experiments
NIR

Near Infrared
OCO

Orbiting Carbon Observatory
OIB

Operation IceBridge
PALSAR

Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar
POES

Polar Operational Environmental Satellite
QPE

Quantitative Precipitation Estimate
RF

Radio Frequency
RGB

Red/Green/Blue
SAR

Synthetic Aperture Radar
SCA

Snow-Covered Area
SIR-C/X-SAR

Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar
SMAP

Soil Moisture Active/Passive
Snotel

Snowpack Telemetry
SNPP

Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership
SPOT

Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre
SRTM

Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
SSM

Surface Soil Moisture
SSM/I

Special Sensor Microwave Imager
SWE

Snow Water Equivalent
SWOT

Surface Water Ocean Topography
TIR

Thermal Infrared
TWS

Terrestrial Water Storage
UAV

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
UAVSAR

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar
UHF

Ultra High Frequency
USGS

U.S. Geological Survey
VHF

Very High Frequency
VIS-IR

Visible Infrared
VLF

Very Low Frequency
VSWIR

Visible Shortwave Infrared
WMO

World Meteorological Organization
Page 73 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Acronyms and Initialisms." National Research Council. 2014. Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Related Ecological Characteristics: Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18711.
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Page 74 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Acronyms and Initialisms." National Research Council. 2014. Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Related Ecological Characteristics: Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18711.
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Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Related Ecological Characteristics: Report of a Workshop
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Permafrost is a thermal condition -- its formation, persistence and disappearance are highly dependent on climate. General circulation models predict that, for a doubling of atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, mean annual air temperatures may rise up to several degrees over much of the Arctic. In the discontinuous permafrost region, where ground temperatures are within 1-2 degrees of thawing, permafrost will likely ultimately disappear as a result of ground thermal changes associated with global climate warming. Where ground ice contents are high, permafrost degradation will have associated physical impacts. Permafrost thaw stands to have wide-ranging impacts, such as the draining and drying of the tundra, erosion of riverbanks and coastline, and destabilization of infrastructure (roads, airports, buildings, etc.), and including potential implications for ecosystems and the carbon cycle in the high latitudes.

Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Related Ecological Characteristics is the summary of a workshop convened by the National Research Council to explore opportunities for using remote sensing to advance our understanding of permafrost status and trends and the impacts of permafrost change, especially on ecosystems and the carbon cycle in the high latitudes. The workshop brought together experts from the remote sensing community with permafrost and ecosystem scientists. The workshop discussions articulated gaps in current understanding and potential opportunities to harness remote sensing techniques to better understand permafrost, permafrost change, and implications for ecosystems in permafrost areas. This report addresses questions such as how remote sensing might be used in innovative ways, how it might enhance our ability to document long-term trends, and whether it is possible to integrate remote sensing products with the ground-based observations and assimilate them into advanced Arctic system models. Additionally, the report considers the expectations of the quality and spatial and temporal resolution possible through such approaches, and the prototype sensors that are available that could be used for detailed ground calibration of permafrost/high latitude carbon cycle studies.

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