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The United States Antarctic Research Report to the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR): Number 32 - 1990 (1991)

Chapter: Permanent Stations, Regular Observations, and Long-Term Monitoring

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Suggested Citation:"Permanent Stations, Regular Observations, and Long-Term Monitoring." National Research Council. 1991. The United States Antarctic Research Report to the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR): Number 32 - 1990. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1876.
×

Permanent Stations, Regular Observations, and Long-Term Monitoring

Mcmurdo (Elevation: 24 m Coordinates: 77°55'S, 166°39'E)

AURORA AND AIRGLOW

Photometer observations of aurora

S.B. Mende

COSMIC RADIATION

Super multisection neutron monitor

M.A. Pomerantz

SYNOPTIC OBSERVATIONS

U.S. Naval Support Force, Meteorological Officer

Surface observations

Temperature

Three-hourly;** thermograph, thermometer

Atmospheric pressure

Six-hourly;** Hg barometer, microbarograph

Wind direction and speed

Three-hourly;** aerovane system

Precipitation

Six-hourly; eight-inch rain gauge

Visibility, clouds, ceiling

Three-hourly; visual

Upper-air observations

Pilot balloons

As needed; nonscheduled

Radiosondes and rawinsondes

At 0000 GMT February-October; at 0000 and 1200 GMT October-February; AN/AMT-4A 1680-MHz flight equipment and GMD-1A tracking equipment

**  

Continuous recording

Suggested Citation:"Permanent Stations, Regular Observations, and Long-Term Monitoring." National Research Council. 1991. The United States Antarctic Research Report to the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR): Number 32 - 1990. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1876.
×

ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS

Atmospheric water vapor and trace gas concentrations Occasional; atmospheric emission spectrometer

D.G. Murcray

ASSOCIATED RESEARCH PROGRAMS

Blowing snow Three-hourly; visual

U.S. Naval Support Force, Meteorological Officer

Surface weather observations Continuous; automatic weather stations

C.R. Stearns

Atmospheric aerosols Intermittent; impaction filters, CN counter

W.D. Komhyr; G.G. Lala

Ozone profiles 15 balloons/month

D.J. Hofmann

SPRINGTIME OZONE STUDIES

Balloon-borne measurements of aerosols and ozone

D.J. Hofmann

Palmer (Elevation: 7.5 m Coordinates: 64°46'S, 64°05'W)

SYNOPTIC OBSERVATIONS

Climatological surface observations: temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind direction and speed, precipitation, visibility

U.S. Naval Support Force, Meteorological Officer

Six-hourly synoptic: thermometer, barometer, wind gauge, rain gauge

South Pole (Elevation: 2800 m Coordinate: 90°S)

AURORA AND AIRGLOW

All-sky camera for photography of aurora

F.T. Berkey; S.B. Mende

Photometer observations of aurora

T.J. Rosenberg

ASTRONOMY

Solar seismology

M.A. Pomerantz

Ultra high energy gamma ray astronomy

M.A. Pomerantz

Suggested Citation:"Permanent Stations, Regular Observations, and Long-Term Monitoring." National Research Council. 1991. The United States Antarctic Research Report to the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR): Number 32 - 1990. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1876.
×

COSMIC RADIATION

Super multisection neutron monitor

M.A. Pomerantz

SYNOPTIC OBSERVATIONS

Contract Meteorological Observation Team

Surface observations

Temperature

Hourly;** thermograph, thermometers

Atmospheric pressure

Hourly;** Hg barometer; microbarograph

Wind speed and direction

Hourly;** aerovane system

Precipitation

Six-hourly;* visual

Visibility, clouds, ceiling

Six-hourly;* visual

Hydrometers and other obstructions to visibility

Six-hourly;* visual

Upper-air observations

Radiosondes and rawinsondes

At 0000 GMT February-October; at 0000 and 1200 GMT October-February; WB 1680-MHz flight equipment and GMD-1A tracking equipment

ENERGY-BALANCE MEASUREMENTS

J.T. Peterson

Direct solar-radiation on a surface

Continuous (summer); Eppley normal-incidence pyrheliometer on equatorial mount

Total solar and sky radiation on a horizontal surface

Continuous (summer); Eppley hemispherical pyranometer

Reflected solar radiation

Continuous (summer); Inverted Eppley hemispherical pyranometer

Diffuse solar radiation

Continuous (summer); Eppley hemispherical pyranometer shielded from direct solar radiation by an adjustable shade ring

Net radiation

Continuous; Wisconsin NET radiometer

*  

Observations taken at three-hour intervals from October to February

**  

Continuous recording

Suggested Citation:"Permanent Stations, Regular Observations, and Long-Term Monitoring." National Research Council. 1991. The United States Antarctic Research Report to the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR): Number 32 - 1990. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1876.
×

Simultaneous observations with rawin and ozone soundings

Intermittent

ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS

Total ozone

W.D. Komhyr; J.T. Peterson

Daily at 0900, 1200, and 1500 GMT as sky conditions permit; Dobson spectrophotometer

 

Twice per month (more frequently during spring); ozonesondes

 

Surface ozone

W.D. Komhyr; J.T. Peterson

Continuous; electrochemical concentration cell

 

Carbon dioxide sampling

W.D. Komhyr; C.D. Keeling; J.T. Peterson

Bimonthly, continuous; evacuated flasks, infrared gas analyzer

 

Trace metals and halogens samplings

J.T. Peterson

Sufficient samples for analysis; evacuated flasks, filters

 

Atmospheric turbidity*

J.T. Peterson

0900, 1200, 1500 GMT; Linke extinction turbidity meter

 

Atmospheric trace gases

J.T. Peterson

Spot measurements; gas chromatograph and evacuated flasks

 

Atmospheric water vapor and trace gas concentrations

D.G. Murcray

Occasional; atmospheric emission spectrometer

 

Radiation and snow albedo

S.G. Warren

Occasional; solarimeter, spectrophotometer

 

Ice crystals

W. Tape

Occasional; photography, camera, crystal replication

 

ASSOCIATED RESEARCH PROGRAMS

Snow accumulation

Contract Meteorological Observation Team

Monthly

 

Radioactivity monitoring

H.L. Volchok; J.T. Peterson

Continuous collections

 

Carbon-14 analysis

J.T. Peterson

Semi-weekly samples

 

Atmospheric aerosols*

W.D. Komhyr; G.G. Lala

* Observations taken at three-hour intervals from October to February

Suggested Citation:"Permanent Stations, Regular Observations, and Long-Term Monitoring." National Research Council. 1991. The United States Antarctic Research Report to the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR): Number 32 - 1990. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1876.
×

Atmospheric constituents

D.G. Murcray

GEOPHYSICAL MONITORING FOR CLIMATIC CHANGE (GMCC) COOPERATIVE PROJECTS

Carbon dioxide

C.D. Keeling

Nitrous oxide

R.A. Weiss

Radionuclides

R.J. Larsen

Aerosols

A. Hogan, G.G. Lala

Trace gases

R.A. Rasmussen; L. Heidt; R.J. Cicerone

14C

M. Poindexter

Multi-Station Programs

GROUND-BASED ELECTROMAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS

South Pole; McMurdo

R.A. Helliwell; A.C. Fraser-Smith; U.S. Inan

Passive ELF/VLF observations

 

CONJUGATE PROGRAMS

South Pole; McMurdo; Lake Mistissini (Quebec, Canada)

T.J. Rosenberg

Riometer studies of the ionosphere

 

South Pole; Lake Mistissini

F.T. Berkey

Ionosonde studies of the ionosphere

 

South Pole and five stations in the north [Girardville (L = 4.4) and lac Rebours (L = 4.0), Quebec, Canada; Pittsburgh (L = 3.5), New Hampshire; Durham (L = 3.2), New Hampshire; and Frobisher Bay, NWT]

 

Three-axis fluxgate magnetometer measurements of micropulsations to investigate the magnetosphere, ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling, and latitudinal conjugacy shifts

L.J. Lanzerotti; A. Wolfe

South Pole; McMurdo; Sonde Stromfjord (Greenland)

 

Three-axis u-metal-core magnetometer measurements of PC-1 micropulsations

R. Arnoldy; L.J. Cahill, Jr.; M.J. Engebretson

ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION MONITORING PROGRAM

Palmer; McMurdo; South Pole; Ushuaia (Argentina)

 

Scanning spectroradiometer measurements of UV radiation

C.R. Booth

Suggested Citation:"Permanent Stations, Regular Observations, and Long-Term Monitoring." National Research Council. 1991. The United States Antarctic Research Report to the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR): Number 32 - 1990. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1876.
×

AUTOMATIC WEATHER STATIONS

Climatological surface observations

C.R. Stearns

one unit at Byrd Station, Dome C, Rothera Station, Siple Station, Byrd Glacier, Franklin Island and Inexpressible Island; five units in the McMurdo area; four units near Dumont d'Urville; and six units on Ross Ice Shelf

 

REMOTE SITES

Katabatic winds

T. Parish; D.H. Bromwich; C.R. Stearns

Continuous readout by Tiros N satellite; automatic weather stations at Dome C and upslope from Dumont d'Urville

 

Surface weather observations

C.R. Stearns

Continuous readout by Tiros N satellite; automatic weather stations at Byrd Station, Ross Ice Shelf, Byrd Glacier, Franklin Island and Inexpressible Island

 

Suggested Citation:"Permanent Stations, Regular Observations, and Long-Term Monitoring." National Research Council. 1991. The United States Antarctic Research Report to the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR): Number 32 - 1990. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1876.
×
Page 11
Suggested Citation:"Permanent Stations, Regular Observations, and Long-Term Monitoring." National Research Council. 1991. The United States Antarctic Research Report to the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR): Number 32 - 1990. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1876.
×
Page 12
Suggested Citation:"Permanent Stations, Regular Observations, and Long-Term Monitoring." National Research Council. 1991. The United States Antarctic Research Report to the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR): Number 32 - 1990. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1876.
×
Page 13
Suggested Citation:"Permanent Stations, Regular Observations, and Long-Term Monitoring." National Research Council. 1991. The United States Antarctic Research Report to the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR): Number 32 - 1990. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1876.
×
Page 14
Suggested Citation:"Permanent Stations, Regular Observations, and Long-Term Monitoring." National Research Council. 1991. The United States Antarctic Research Report to the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR): Number 32 - 1990. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1876.
×
Page 15
Suggested Citation:"Permanent Stations, Regular Observations, and Long-Term Monitoring." National Research Council. 1991. The United States Antarctic Research Report to the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR): Number 32 - 1990. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1876.
×
Page 16
Next: Highlights of Science Activities, 1 April 1990 - 31 March 1991 »
The United States Antarctic Research Report to the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR): Number 32 - 1990 Get This Book
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Many nations conduct research and engage in other scientific activities on our frozen continent—Antarctica.

Each year the U.S. National Committee for the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) compiles a book that includes these nations' reports of scientific pursuits undertaken by their citizens in Antarctica during the previous austral summer and of planned activities for the next season.

This book details the activities that occurred in 1990 and is of particular value to policymakers and scientists throughout the world who are planning Antarctic programs.

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