THE GLOBAL MOVEMENT AND TRACKING OF
CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
EQUIPMENT
A WORKSHOP SUMMARY
Kathryn Hughes and Joe Alper, Rapporteurs
Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology
Division on Earth and Life Studies
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This publication results from research supported by the Naval Postgraduate School’s Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction (PASCC) via Assistance Grant/Agreement No. N00244-13-1-0028 awarded by the NAVSUP Fleet Logistics Center San Diego (NAVSUP FLC San Diego). The views expressed in written materials or publications, and/or made by speakers, moderators, and presenters, do not necessarily reflect the official policies of the Naval Postgraduate School nor does mention of trade names, commercial practices, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
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International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-30651-5
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Printed in the United States of America
Cover image (bottom): Courtesy of the Morimatsu Group
Suggested citation: NRC (National Research Council). 2014. The Global Movement and Tracking of Chemical Manufacturing Equipment (A Workshop Summary). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
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BOARD ON CHEMICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
TIMOTHY SWAGER, (Co-Chair), NAS, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
DAVID WALT, (Co-Chair), NAE, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
HÉCTOR D. ABRUÑA, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
JOEL C. BARRISH, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
MARK A. BARTEAU, NAE, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
DAVID BEM, The Dow Chemical Company, Philadelphia, PA
ROBERT G. BERGMAN, NAS, University of California, Berkeley
JOAN BRENNECKE, NAE, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
HENRY E. BRYNDZA, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Wilmington, Delaware
MICHELLE V. BUCHANAN, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
DAVID W. CHRISTIANSON, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
RICHARD EISENBERG, NAS, University of Rochester, New York
JILL HRUBY, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico
FRANCES S. LIGLER, NAE, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh
SANDER G. MILLS, Merck Research Laboratories (Ret.), Scotch Plains, New Jersey
JOSEPH B. POWELL, Shell, Houston, Texas
ROBERT E. ROBERTS, Institute for Defense Analyses, Alexandria, Virginia
PETER J. ROSSKY, NAS, Rice University, Houston, Texas
DARLENE SOLOMON, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE ON THE GLOBAL MOVEMENT AND TRACKING OF CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT
NANCY B. JACKSON, Franklin Fellow, U.S. Department of State
ROBERT E. ROBERTS, Senior Scientist, Institute of Defense Analyses
USHA WRIGHT, Senior Vice President and Co-General Counsel, O’Brien & Gere
CLARA J. ZAHRADNIK, Export Control Leader, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL STAFF
TERESA FRYBERGER, Director
KATHRYN HUGHES, Senior Program Officer
DOUGLAS FRIEDMAN, Senior Program Officer
CARL GUSTAV-ANDERSON, Research Associate
ELIZABETH FINKELMAN, Program Coordinator
NAWINA MATSHONA, Senior Program Assistant
COTILYA BROWN, Senior Program Assistant
CAMLY TRAN, Postdoctoral Fellow
JOE ALPER, Consulting Writer
Acknowledgment of Reviewers
This workshop summary has been reviewed in draft form by persons chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making the published workshop summary as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets institutional standards of objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this summary:
Paul Amyotte, Dalhousie University
Richard T. Cupitt, U.S. Department of State
Charles T. Mooney, Xylem, Inc.
Donald Prosnitz, Independent Consultant
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the workshop summary before its release. The review of this summary was overseen by the National Research Council, which is responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this workshop summary was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered.
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Contents
2 THE CHANGING GLOBAL LANDSCAPE
3 THE LIFETIME OF MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT
Experiences in Exporting Chemical Manufacturing Equipment
Industrial Regulations and Equipment Fabrication
Materials for Equipment Manufacturing
Chemical Weapons Non-Proliferation
A Policy Perspective on Dual-Use Chemical Equipment Non-Proliferation
Chemical Security and UNSCR 1540
Chemical Equipment Export Controls
ASME | American Society of Mechanical Engineers |
BCST | Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology |
CEFIC | European Chemical Industry Council (Conseil Européen des Fédérations de l’Industrie Chimique) |
CWC | Chemical Weapons Convention |
DOC | discrete organic chemical |
EAR | Export Administration Regulations |
eLVIS | eBay Listing Violation Identification System |
ISO | International Organization for Standardization |
ITAR | International Traffic in Arms Regulations |
NCIS | Naval Criminal Investigative Service |
NRC | National Research Council |
OCPF | Other Chemical Production Facilities |
OPCW | Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons |
PASCC | Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction |
UNSCR | United Nations Security Council Resolution |
WCO | World Customs Organization |
WMD | Weapons of Mass Destruction |
WTO | World Trade Organization |