Index
A
Accelerated Studies to Associate Programs, 157 n.12
Access to health care (see also Transition from pediatric to adult health care)
chronic disease screening, 241
for disabilities, 245
disparities, 210-211, 310, 430
and health and well-being, 26, 52
information technology and social media and, 51, 232-233, 321-322
insurance coverage and, 276, 293, 298, 304, 305-306
mental/behavioral health services, 218, 245, 277, 292, 293, 302, 319
navigation challenges, 14, 28, 57, 273, 277, 278, 295, 316
preventive services, 252, 297, 298, 300, 302, 319, 328
public health services, 241, 242, 245, 250-251
research needs, 415
Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), 314, 315
Actionable Intelligence for Social Policy (AISP), 386
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 283, 286, 287
Administration for Children and Families (ACF), 249, 356, 368, 369, 371
Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Program, 287
Adolescent and Young Adult Health Program, 12, 250-251, 254
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 298, 299
Affordable Care Act (ACA)
and access to care, 305, 309-310
eligibility, 25, 245, 246, 250, 276, 279, 306, 355
enrollments, 307
Federally Qualified Health Centers, 251
and integration of behavioral and medical care, 318
Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program, 246
and Medicaid benefits, 355
mental health and substance abuse care, 292, 311, 318
pathways for increasing insurance coverage, 306-308
preventive care opportunities, 56-57, 66, 200, 252-253, 276, 298, 300, 318
services covered, 292, 298, 299, 308, 311, 317
and transitions of care, 325
African Americans/non-Hispanic blacks
discrimination against, 58, 430-431, 432, 433
earnings, assets, and financial independence, 103, 132
education, 3, 47, 58, 61, 104, 128, 132, 135, 137, 138, 139 n.5, 431
employment/labor force participation, 3, 48, 61, 104, 128, 132, 133, 431
health disparities, 57, 205, 210, 211, 212, 213, 221-222, 230, 431, 432, 433
incarceration, 105-106, 147, 357
parenthood patterns, 88-89, 90, 93, 106, 109
programs and interventions, 109, 221-222, 230, 364, 369, 374, 442, 444, 445
romantic relationships and union formations, 44-45, 83, 88-89, 90, 109
tobacco use, 213
utilization of preventive care, 296
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 14, 15, 21, 289, 300-301, 326, 328, 410, 415
Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), 373, 376
Alcohol Impaired Driving Countermeasures Incentive Grants I, 248
Alcohol Open Container Requirements, 249
Alcohol use
advertising and promotion, 239, 258
age access laws, 236-239
binge drinking, 5, 12, 54, 56, 63, 87, 144-145, 205, 208, 212, 218, 219, 302
college students, 54, 144-145, 208, 218-219, 226, 233
discrimination and, 431
and educational difficulties, 150
former foster youth, 353
gender and, 212
heavy drinking, 208
impaired driving and motor vehicle accidents, 12, 206, 214, 219, 229, 236-237
needs for or interests in services and supports, 286
patterns, 54, 80, 95, 144-145, 208, 212, 353
preventive screening and counseling, 299
psychological health and, 95, 431
public health policies and interventions, 12, 201, 205, 214, 218-219, 224-225, 229, 230, 231, 233, 236-239, 247, 248, 249, 302
race/ethnicity and, 212
and sexual victimization, 224-225
social relationships and, 80, 86, 87
utilization of health services, 226, 282
American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), 288, 289, 290, 298, 326
American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, 299-300
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), 288, 289, 290, 298, 326
American College Health Association, 245, 248
American College of Physicians (ACP), 288, 289, 290, 298, 326
American Congress of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (ACOG), 298, 316, 327
American Evaluation Association, Guiding Principles for Evaluators, 255
American Indians/Alaska Natives, 57, 88, 205, 211, 213, 240, 361
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), 152, 153, 154
American Medical Association
Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services, 297-298
AmeriCorps
education award, 181
National Civilian Community Corps, 180, 183, 184, 448, 449
research on, 183-185
State and National Program, 181-183
AMIGAS (Amigas, Mujeres Latinas, Inform andonos, Gui andonos, y Apoy andonos contra el SIDA), 221-222
Anxiety, 90, 94, 173, 207, 208, 224, 226, 227, 277, 293, 302, 319, 321, 431-432
Asians/Pacific Islanders, 88, 103-104, 213, 296-297, 430-431, 432, 433, 442
Aspen Institute, 98
Association of Social Work Boards, 315
Attention-deficit disorders, 149, 208, 277, 293
B
Basic Center Program (BCP), 368-369
Behavioral health (see also Mental health services; Relationships; specific behaviors)
adaptive coping, 95, 100-101, 435
bias and discrimination and, 59, 431-433
burden of disability, 56
college students, 144-145
defined, 26
effortful control, 100-101
emotional disabilities/disturbances, 148, 244, 293, 309
emotional processing, 36, 38-39, 40-42, 236
and employment, 125
executive control, 38-39, 40, 41-42, 157 n.14
family environment and, 93-94, 100-101, 102, 277
foster youth, 309
gender differences, 41
motivational modulation, 36, 38-40, 41-42
parenthood and, 90
preventive health care, 66, 299, 302-304
protective factors, 100-101
system transitions, 291-294
transition from pediatric to adult care, 57, 66, 277, 291-294
union formation and, 87
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 300
Bias and discrimination
acculturation stress, 58, 433-434
and alcohol use, 431
cultural socialization and, 435
and educational and job performance, 58, 431
experience of, 429-431
lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender young adults, 62, 430-431
protective processes, 59, 434-435
and psychological and physical functioning, 59, 431-433
race/ethnic-based, 31, 58, 62, 430-431, 432, 433
social support, connections, and belongingness and, 434
Big Brother, 280
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, 95, 447
Blacks (see African Americans/non-Hispanic blacks)
Bright Futures: Guidelines for Health Supervision of Infants, Children, and Adolescents, 298, 316, 327
Building Strong Families, 109
Bush, George H. W., 179
Bush, George W., 152, 179, 446
C
Campus Compact, 193
Campus Suicide Prevention Grants, 302
Cardiovascular disease risk, 56, 204, 215, 218, 220, 256, 302, 432
Career academies, 142
Career and technical education (vocational), 10, 13, 111, 127, 141-142, 153, 154, 157, 160, 181, 255, 362, 363, 447-448
CareerAdvance®, 96-97
Carl D. Perkins Act, 154
Center for Health Care Transition Improvement, 290
Center for Working Families, 97
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 13, 21, 209, 247, 248, 252, 257
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), 14, 15, 300-301, 326, 328, 411
Centers for Research and Demonstration for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, 248
Chafee Foster Care Independence Program (CFCIP), 353-354, 355, 356
Chapin Hall, 385-386
Child abuse/maltreatment, 95, 189-190, 367, 373
Child care, 49, 93, 95, 96, 180, 189, 250, 286, 369, 373, 452-453
Child Care and Development Block Grant, 272, 373
Child support, 48, 91, 103, 147-148
Choice Neighborhoods, 255
Chronic health conditions (see also specific conditions)
access to screening, 241
discrimination and, 59
and education and employment, 124
status of young adults, 55-57
City University of New York, 157 n.12
City Year, 185, 441, 442, 444-445
Civic engagement (see also Military service; National service)
causes and consequences, 177
changes during transition to adulthood, 174-175
conclusions and recommendations, 11-12, 192-194
education and, 49, 171, 176, 445
and employment outcomes, 185, 192
overview, 173-177
programs and policies, 97, 443, 446-447
social class, race/ethnicity, and gender differences, 171, 175-176
social media and, 51
voting, 174-175, 176, 177, 184, 443, 445, 447
and well-being, 171, 173-174, 243
Civic Justice Corps, 187, 193, 447-448
Civilian Conservation Corps, 178-179
Community Action Project (CAP) of Tulsa, 96, 97
Community colleges, 10, 96, 98, 127, 140-141, 142, 153, 154, 157 n.12, 160, 255, 257
Community Development Block Grants program, 370
Community Transformation Grant (CTG) program, 13, 252, 256-257, 413, 415
Compendium of Proven Community-Based Prevention Programs, 257
Comprehensive Employment and Training Act, 151 n.8
Congenital heart disease (CHD), 283, 284
Context for this study
federal initiatives on young adults, 20, 22-23
intellectual and scientific, 23
policy, 23
Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS), 11-12, 172, 179-180, 183, 186-187, 192, 193, 388, 389, 402, 410, 444, 447, 448, 449
Criminal involvement, 86 (see also Incarceration; Justice system–involved individuals)
Crittenden Women’s Union, 157
Cystic fibrosis, 282, 284, 285, 286, 314, 315
D
Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, 312-313
Definitions and key terms
adolescents, 25-26
behavioral health, 26
children 26
disadvantaged young adults, 27
disconnected young adults, 27
health and well-being, 26
health care, 26
marginalized young adults, 26-27
physical health, 26
young adults, 25-26
youth, 25
Delivery of health care
frameworks for, 324
harnessing technology, 51, 320-322
innovative approaches, 319-323
peer-led approaches, 322-323
the quantified self, 322
Demographic shifts
elder dependency ratio, 18, 67, 413-414
fertility rate, 67
immigration, 67
racial/ethnic diversity, 57-58, 62-63, 67
Depression, 41, 56, 80, 86, 90, 94, 95, 110, 144, 173, 191, 205, 207, 220, 226, 227, 277, 299, 301, 302, 303, 319, 321, 358, 431-432, 433, 434
Developmental aspects of young adulthood
brain maturation process, 37-41
findings and implications, 2, 19, 59-60
gender differences, 41
psychological, 19, 36-37, 41-42, 125
Diabetes, 53, 55, 93, 220, 241, 252, 257, 283, 284, 295-296, 299
Diet and nutrition, 5, 52, 54, 56, 57, 63, 204, 205, 207, 214, 219-221, 229, 250, 252, 256-257, 286, 296, 297, 299, 302, 369, 372, 374-375, 376-377
Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 257
Disabilities (see Young adults with disabilities)
Disadvantaged young adults, defined, 27
Disconnected young adults
characteristics, 147-148
crime and incarceration, 145
defined, 27
education and employment, 124, 126, 127, 145, 147-148, 156, 157, 162, 416
idleness, 3, 48, 61, 126, 127-128, 129-130
research needs, 162
Domestic violence, 95, 109, 376 (see also Intimate partner violence)
Dopamine, 39-40
Drug Court Training and Technical Assistance, 247
Drug-Free Communities, 247
E
Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort, 88
Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), 377-378
Earnings, assets, and financial independence, 3, 48, 49-50, 103-104, 123, 125-126, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134
Education
academic and career guidance and information, 141
alcohol use by college students, 54, 144-145, 208, 218-219, 226, 233
attendance patterns, 136
career academies, 142
career and technical (vocational), 10, 13, 111, 127, 141-142, 153, 154, 157, 160, 181, 255, 362, 363, 447-448
and civic engagement, 49, 171, 176, 445
community colleges and, 10, 96, 98, 127, 140-141, 142, 153, 154, 157 n.12, 160, 255, 257
completion of, 9, 10, 28, 42, 47, 48, 89, 124, 126, 127, 129 n.2, 135, 137-138, 139
conclusions and recommendations, 9-11, 158-163
cost and debt issues, 126, 138, 139
developmental/remedial, 140, 156
disabilities and chronic health conditions and, 49, 124, 126, 148-150, 152-153
disconnected youth, 126, 147-148
distance learning, 162
dropouts, 3, 9, 58, 61, 83, 95, 123, 126, 132, 134-136, 139, 147, 156, 159, 173, 175, 410, 412, 431, 443, 447
effectiveness of policies and programs, 154-158
and employment and earnings, 3, 47-48, 49, 50, 61, 107, 123, 125-126, 131, 132, 133, 134, 138, 143, 155
enrollment rates, 9, 47, 48, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 135, 136, 149
and family formation patterns, 44-45, 46, 61
financial aid, 48, 51, 140, 141, 153, 155-156, 181
findings and implications, 60-61
gender and, 47, 128, 129, 132, 135, 137, 138-139
General Educational Development (GED) credential, 9, 83, 95, 96-97, 98, 126, 132, 139, 156, 157 n.12, 158, 313, 363, 364, 410, 412, 442, 445
geographic differences, 159
higher education, 3, 46-47, 48, 49, 51, 61, 83, 95, 123, 126, 134-139, 153-154, 155-156
immigrants, 47
massive open online courses (MOOCs), 141, 162
military service and, 190-191, 193
and outcomes of young adults, 3, 134-143
and partnership and parenting patterns, 3, 83, 89, 126
policies and programs, 48, 95, 96, 97, 153-154, 155-156
race/ethnicity and, 3, 44, 47, 58, 61, 104, 128, 129-130, 132, 133, 135, 137, 138-139, 431
research needs, 162-163
school-to-work transition patterns, 46-49
socioeconomic position and, 137, 138-139
special education students, 148-150
substance use and, 150
work-based learning, 10, 142-143, 155, 157, 160, 446
Educational Alliance, 96
Edward M. Kennedy Serve America Act, 179, 180, 181, 182, 185 n.9, 186, 441 n.2, 448
Effective Citizenship toolkit, 183
Elder dependency ratio, 18, 67, 413-414
Emergency Shelter Grants program, 370
Emerging Adulthood Initiative, 290-291
Employment (see also Unemployment)
apprenticeships, 10, 142-143, 155, 157, 160, 446
civic engagement and, 185, 192
conclusions and recommendations, 9-11, 158-163
disabilities and chronic health conditions and, 49, 150
disability law and, 152-153
disconnected youth, 147-148
discrimination in hiring, 104, 133
earnings and benefits, 3, 48, 49-50, 103-104, 123, 125-126, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134
economic and labor market conditions and, 125-126, 129, 130, 133-134
educational attainment and, 3, 47-48, 49, 50, 61, 107, 123, 125-126, 131, 132, 133, 134, 138, 143, 155
effectiveness of policies and programs, 124, 154-158
gender and, 128, 130, 131, 132
and health outcomes, 49, 124-125, 145-147
informal hiring networks, 133
military service and, 190-191, 193
outcomes of young adults, 127-134
race/ethnicity and, 3, 48, 61, 103-104, 128, 130, 132, 133, 431
research needs, 162-163
socioeconomic position and, 107, 108, 111
spatial mismatch, 133
workforce programs, 64, 96-97, 98, 111, 124, 151-152, 178-179, 192
workplace safety, 145-147
Employment Training Administration, 362
Executive Office of the President, 247, 378
F
Family and Youth Services Bureau, 368
Family patterns (see also Parenthood and parenting)
cohabitation, 3, 4, 43-44, 45, 46, 50-51, 61, 77, 83, 84-85, 86-87, 88, 91, 92, 93, 94-95, 99, 107
economic conditions and, 49-51, 61, 67
educational attainment and, 44-45, 46, 61
environment and behavioral health, 93-94, 100, 102, 277
findings and implications, 62
formation patterns, 43-46, 50, 61, 62
and health and well-being, 91-92
intergenerational relationships, 78, 90, 92, 99
lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender young adults, 3-4, 45, 61, 83, 85-86
racial/ethnic differences, 44, 46, 90
support of adult children, 4, 43, 61, 77, 92, 98, 99, 100, 111
Family Readiness System, 189
Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009, 238
Family Unification Program, 370
Federal Bureau of Investigation, 358
Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics, 22
Federal Interagency Working Group for Children of Incarcerated Parents, 110-111
Federal Work-Study Program, 178
Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs), 248, 251
Firearms/guns, 22, 54, 146, 206, 236, 299
Foster youth aging out
access to health care, 292, 305, 309-310
characteristics, 4, 352-353, 367-368
criminal justice system involvement, 4, 353, 355, 381, 385
engagement in policy and program development, 7, 406
evidence of program effectiveness, 355-356
exit age, 309
extension of foster care entitlement, 354-355, 382
government investments in, 4, 351-356, 389
health and well-being, 4, 309, 353
health care coverage, 245, 276, 301, 306, 309, 310, 353, 355
independent living, 353, 354, 355
programs for, 243, 349, 353-354, 370, 381-382, 402, 403
purposes of the foster care system, 351-352
transition to adulthood, 4, 62, 347
Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoption Act, 309, 354-355
Foundation for Child Development, 95, 96
Fresh Start program (Wisconsin), 186, 441
G
Garrett County Community Action Committee, 96
Gateways to College program, 157
GED Bridge, 157 n.12
Gender differences
behavioral health, 41, 52, 54, 212, 213
civic engagement, 171, 175-176
developmental paterns, 41
discrimination, 431
education, 47, 127, 128, 129, 130, 132, 135, 137, 138-139
employment, 128, 130, 131, 132, 133, 138
family formation patterns, 44, 46
incarceration, 357
and preventive care use, 296
psychopathologies, 41
in relationship patterns, 77, 79, 83-84, 92, 101, 108
GI Bill, 190
Got Transition initiative, 289-290, 318, 326
Government Accountability Office, 151
Government investments in marginalized individuals
characteristics common to young adults and their programs, 380-383
conclusions and recommendations, 384-392
evidence base for, 383-384
foster youth aging out, 351-356
homeless young adults, 366-371
justice system–involved individuals, 356-366
key findings, 347-348
policy recommendations, 387-392
research recommendations, 384-387
unauthorized immigrants, 378-380
young parents, 371-378
Grants
SAMHSA Grants to Improve Mental Health Services for Young People, 22
Great Recession, 3, 43, 48, 61, 123, 125, 135, 147
Guide to Community Preventive Services, 257
Guidelines for preventive care
existing, 297-300
implementation, 300
monitoring adherence, 300-301
H
Habitat for Humanity, 185, 441
Health and well-being
access to health care and, 26, 52
behavioral influences, 52-55, 63
bias and discrimination effects, 57-59, 61-62
defined, 26
developmentally, 52
disabilities and chronic health conditions, 148-150
disconnected youth, 147-148
diversity and, 57-59
education and, 49, 55, 124, 143-145, 147-148
employment and, 49, 124-125, 145-147
findings and implications, 61-62, 63
marriage and, 85-86
racial/ethnic disparities, 57, 205, 210, 211, 212, 213, 221-222, 230, 431, 432, 433
risk-taking behaviors and, 5-6, 36-37, 41, 52, 54, 56, 57, 63, 95, 97, 100, 145, 204, 205, 214, 218, 221, 222, 229-230, 235-236, 275-276, 368, 381
social roles and activities and, 52-57
system-level approaches, 26
volunteering and, 171, 173-174, 243
Health behaviors (see also Diet and nutrition; Physical activity exercise; Sexual behavior; Substance abuse; Tobacco use)
gender differences, 41, 52, 54, 212
health-promoting, 54-55
physical and dental checkups, 5, 54, 63, 280, 298
risky, 52-54
Health care system (see also Access to health care; Delivery of health care; Health insurance coverage; Preventive care; Transition from pediatric to adult health care; Utilization of health care)
barriers to optimal care, 278
behavioral health interventions, 304, 329
conclusions and recommendations, 13-16, 323-330
confidentiality concerns, 316-318
high-quality characteristics, 323, 324
improving the system for young adults, 313-323
integrating medical and behavioral systems, 318-319
key findings, 275-276
navigation challenges, 277, 278, 295, 316
research priorities, 330
and utilization of services, 280-282
workforce knowledge and training, 313-316
Health conditions (see Chronic health conditions; specific conditions)
Health insurance coverage (see also Affordable Care Act)
access to, 85-86
and access to health care, 276, 293, 298, 304, 305-306
for behavioral health disorders, 311-312
foster care children, 309-310
justice system–involved individuals, 310-311
by parents of young adults, 111
preventive care, 15, 56-57, 66, 298, 299, 318
state-level efforts to improve, 306
unauthorized immigrants, 312-313
and utilization of health care, 125
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), 111, 317-318
Health Insurance Tracking Survey of Young Adults, 306
Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), 2, 12, 15, 20, 21, 22, 246, 247, 249, 250-251, 254, 290, 327, 328, 387, 411
Healthy Marriage Initiative, 109
Healthy People 2020 Adolescent and Young Adult Indicators, 22, 25 n.4, 54, 204-205, 206, 325
Healthy Transitions to Adulthood, 13, 22, 255, 256, 413, 414-415
High Growth Job Training Initiative, 152 n.9
High School Graduation Initiative, 9, 159
High Schools That Work, 142
Hispanics
discrimination, 58, 430, 431, 432
earnings, assets, and financial independence, 130, 133
education, 47, 58, 83, 128, 129-130, 132, 133, 135, 137, 138, 139 n.5, 431
employment/labor force participation, 128, 129-130, 132, 133, 431
health disparities, 210-211, 212, 432
military service, 188
parenthood patterns, 88, 89, 90
programs and interventions, 313, 374, 442, 444
romantic relationships and union formations, 44, 83, 88, 89
tobacco use, 213
HIV Prevention Programs for Women, 247
HIV/AIDS, 52, 53, 145, 205, 209, 210, 212, 221-223, 231, 239, 242, 247, 248, 250-251, 296, 299, 327
Homeless young adults
characteristics of, 366-367
evidence for program effectiveness, 371
government investiments in, 366-371
programs for, 368-371
Homicide, 52, 53, 57, 204, 205, 206, 210, 237
Housing Choice Voucher program (Section 8), 370
Housing Opportunities for Persons with AIDS program, 370
Housing Opportunity and Services Together (HOST) program, 97
Human papillomavirus vaccination, 210, 223
Hypertension, 5, 55, 92, 220, 257
I
I-BEST, 157 n.12
Idleness, 3, 48, 61, 126, 127-128, 129-130
Immigrants/immigration (see also Unauthorized immigrants)
Immunizations, 205, 210-211, 240, 299
Incarceration
intergenerational effects, 105-107
and parenthood and parenting, 78, 105-107
race/ethnicity and, 105-106, 147, 357
Incentive Grant Program to Increase Motorcycle Safety, 249
Independent Living Initiative of 1986, 354
Indian Health Service, 15, 328, 411
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 153, 154
Information and communication technology
and access to health care, 51, 110, 232-233, 321-322
Injuries, unintentional, 52, 53, 56, 145-147, 206
Injury Prevention and Control—Research and State and Community Based Programs, 248
Innovation Strategies for Increasing Self-Sufficiency, 157 n.13
Institute for Healthcare Improvement, 290
Triple Aim framework, 289
Institute of Medicine (IOM), 2, 20, 237, 238, 239, 240, 292, 324, 385 n.13
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 229 n.5
Integrated Database on Child and Family Programs, 385
Intergenerational relationships
and autonomy of children, 101-104
gender differences, 101
and health and well-being, 101, 108
incarceration and, 105-107
quality, social support, and parenting, 99-101, 108
race/ethnicity and, 103-104
research needs, 107
transmission of parenting practives, 104-105
and two-generation programs, 8, 9, 95-98, 110, 157, 320, 377, 409, 414, 416
Interventions (see Policies and programs; specific programs)
Intimate partner violence, 189-190, 205, 207, 210, 211, 224-225
J
Job Corps, 151, 155, 363, 365, 366
Job Training Partnership Act, 151 n.8, 155
John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, 23
Johnson, Lyndon B., 179
Justice system–involved individuals (see also Incarceration)
characteristics, 357-360
employment, 48
evidence of program effectiveness, 365-366
government investment in, 356-366
jurisdictional issues, 360-361
programs for young adults, 107, 361-365
substance abuse, 310
Juvenile Accountability Block Grant (JABG) program, 361-362
K
Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Young Adult Specialist Model, 316
Kennedy, John F., 179
Kresge Foundation, 97
L
LaGuardia Community College, 157 n.12
Latino/as (see Hispanics)
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people
bias and discrimination, 62, 430-431
civic engagement, 176
family formation, 3-4, 45, 61, 83, 85-86
health disparities, 57, 212, 213
military service, 188
policies and programs, 188, 350, 369, 384, 446
same-sex marriage, 3-4, 45, 61, 83, 85-86
Linked Learning, 142
M
Marginalized young adults (see also specific populations)
defined, 26-27
findings and implications, 62
guiding principles for policies and programs, 65
social inclusion perspective, 4 n.2, 27, 349, 383
Marijuana use, 5, 54, 63, 144, 205, 208, 212, 213, 230, 236, 237-238, 239, 258, 259, 295, 417
Maryland Interagency Transition Council for Youth with Disabilities, 244
Maternal and Child Health Bureau, 21, 254, 290, 327, 411
Adolescent and Young Adult Health Program, 250-251
Maternal and Child Health Federal Consolidated Programs, 246
Maternal and Child Health Services Block Grants to States Program, 241, 246, 248, 250
Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program, 246
Maternity Group Home (MGH) Program, 369
Media multiplexity theory, 80
Medicaid, 66, 240, 245, 291, 292-293, 295, 301, 306, 307, 309, 310-312, 313, 317, 323, 325, 353, 354, 355, 375, 380, 382, 390, 402
Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (MEPS), 282, 300, 301
Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act, 291
Mental health services
access to, 218, 245, 277, 292, 293, 302, 319
insurance coverage, 291-292, 311, 318
integration with medical care, 318
preventive, 296
SAMHSA Grants to Improve Mental Health Services for Young People, 22
training of professionals, 22
mHealth initiatives, 320
Military service
benefits, 11, 99, 171, 189, 190-191
and child maltreatment, 189-190
Don’t Ask Don’t Tell policy, 188
and education and employment outside military, 190-191, 193
and family formation, 188-189, 191
and mental and physical health patterns, 191-192, 302
and parenthood and parenting, 189-190
postmilitary transition, 171-172, 189-190, 191-192
programs for veterans and families, 179-180, 189, 191, 402
racial/ethnic diversity, 188, 190
research needs, 194
and sexual assault and intimate partner violence, 189-190, 207
socioeconomic background and, 188
support systems, 189
transitional nature of, 187-188
Minnesota Reading Corps, 185, 441
Model State Drug Laws Initiative, 247
Monitoring the Future study, 136
Mortality rates and causes of death for young adults, 203-204, 206, 208, 211
Motor vehicle crashes, 5, 52, 54, 56, 204, 205, 206, 211, 219, 228-230, 231, 236-237, 242, 248-249
Multi-Site Evaluation of Foster Youth Programs, 354 n.5, 356
Muslim Americans, 58, 430, 431
My Brother’s Keeper, 22, 162 n.16
N
National Adolescent and Young Adult Health Information Center, 316
National Alliance to Advance Adolescent Health, 290
National Alliance to End Homelessness, 367
National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 282, 300
National and Community Service Act of 1990, 179
National Association of Social Workers, 31
National Center for Health Statistics, 385 n.13
National Certification Examination for Addiction Counselors, 315
National Civilian Community Corps (NCCC), 180, 183, 184, 448, 449
National Committee for Quality Assurance, 14, 325, 326, 415
National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS), 135, 173-174
National Forum on Youth Violence Prevention, 364
National Guard ChalleNGe program, 156, 157 n.12
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 209
National Health Interview Survey, 297, 300, 301
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 248-249
National Institute of Justice, 365-366
National Institutes of Health, 15, 21, 97, 329, 411, 412-413
National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), 5, 54, 55, 386
National Longitudinal Study of Youth, 44, 47, 386
National Prevention Council, 245
National Priority Safety Programs, 249
National Quality Forum, 14, 326, 415
National service (see also AmeriCorps; Civic engagement; Military service; other specific programs)
conclusions and recommendations, 11-12, 192-194
and education and employment, 171, 178
gender differences, 176
key findings, 171-172
new directions, 171-172, 186-187
programs in the United States, 29, 178-186, 441-449
racial/ethnic representation in, 171
top 10 national direct grantees, 185-186
volunteerism, 24, 171, 172, 173-174, 175, 177, 178, 179-180, 185, 192
National State-Based Tobacco Control Programs, 244, 247
National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 207, 208, 209, 282
National Transitions of Care Coalition Measures Working Group, 325
National Youth in Transition Database, 354, 356
Network on Transitions to Adulthood, 23
New York Academy of Medicine, 257
Notre Dame Mission Volunteers, 185, 441
Now Is the Time plan, 22
Nutrition (see Diet and nutrition)
O
Obama, Barack, 22, 152, 179, 193, 312, 378
Obesity, 5, 13, 55, 56, 63, 80, 205, 209, 210, 220, 241, 242, 256-257, 295-296, 299, 301, 402, 404
Occupant Protection Incentive Grants, 249
Office of Management and Budget, 387
Office of National Drug Control Policy, 364
Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, 14, 326, 411
Open Society Institute, 97, 447
Opportunity youth, 27 n.5
P
Parenthood and parenting
characteristics of young parents, 371-372
and child support by fathers, 48, 91, 103, 147-148
cohabitation and, 88-89
conflict and violence, 93-94
delays in childbearing, 77, 87, 89
evidence for program effectiveness, 375-378
executive functioning difficulties, 157 n.14
findings and implications, 62, 108-109
government investments in, 371-378
grandparents as caregivers, 92-93
and health and well-being, 90, 91-95, 107-108
“helicopter,” 50
incarceration and, 78, 105-107, 110-111
intergenerational factors, 90, 92-93, 95-99, 111
interventions/programs, 94, 95-98, 108-109, 110-111, 372-375
modeling hypothesis, 104-105
multiple-partner fertility, 77, 89-91, 107, 109
nonmarital and unintended births, 3, 61, 77, 84, 87-88, 89, 90, 91-92, 93, 94, 107-108, 109, 353, 373
other-mothering, 90
parenting styles and parent-child relationships, 94-95
race/ethnicity and, 88-89, 90, 92, 93, 106, 109
research needs, 90-91, 92, 110-111
same-sex partnership and, 45
socioeconomic position and, 50-51, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93-95
timing and sequencing of, 3-4, 45-47
transmission of practices across generations, 62, 100, 104-105
two-generation programs, 65, 95-98
union formation and, 83
Patient-Centered Medical Home, 325
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (see Affordable Care Act)
Paul Allen Foundation, 97
Peace Corps, 179, 192, 442, 444-445
Pell grants, 48, 140, 141, 153, 155-156, 181
Per Scholas, 155
Performance Partnerships for Disconnected Youth, 388-389
Pew Research Center, 51, 58, 430
Physical activity/exercise, 5, 13, 52, 54-55, 57, 63, 87, 144, 205, 209, 214, 219-221, 230, 233, 252, 256-257, 286, 296, 302, 327
Physical health (see also Health and well-being; specific conditions)
defined, 26
Planned Parenthood, 222
Points of Light Foundation, 179
Policies and programs
civic engagement promoted through, 97, 443, 446-447
context for this study, 20, 22-23
data limitations, 28
developmentally appropriate outcomes, 406
disability law and, 152-153
economic opportunities, 64
education, 48, 95, 96, 97, 153-154, 155-156
engaging young adults in, 65-66, 406
evaluation evidence, 154-158
evidence base, 6, 7, 8, 15, 31, 97, 108-109, 124, 143, 158, 214, 215-216, 221, 224-225, 227-228, 231, 233, 234, 237, 240, 245, 249, 252, 253, 278, 294, 295, 302, 303, 319, 351, 355-356, 365-366, 375-378, 383-384, 389, 403-405, 408
experimentation with, 7, 9-10, 31, 141, 159, 162-163, 389-390, 406-407, 408
fragmentation and uncoordination, 6, 17, 31, 240, 241, 290, 347-348, 388-389, 390, 402-403, 404-405
for least advantaged and most marginalized, 65
overall conclusions, 401-405
preventive health care, 66, 219-223, 252-253
principles to guide action, 64-66
program selection for this study, 28
social inclusion perspective, 4 n.2, 27, 349, 383
support during critical transitions, 405-406
two-generation approach, 8, 9, 65, 95-98, 110, 157, 320, 377, 409, 414, 416
workforce programs, 64, 96-97, 98, 111, 124, 151-152, 178-179, 192
young adulthood as developmental period and, 403, 405
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 191, 207, 302, 303
PreK-3rd initiative, 96
Prevention and Public Health Fund (PPHF), 252
Preventive care (see also Guidelines for preventive care)
ACA and, 56-57, 66, 200, 252-253, 276, 298, 300, 318
access to, 252-253, 297, 298, 300, 302, 319, 328
barriers to, 13-14, 56-57, 300
for behavioral health conditions, 66, 299, 302-304, 405-406
chronic diseases, 219-221
conclusions and recommendations, 14-16, 327-329, 410, 411, 413, 417
guidelines, 57, 257, 278, 297-301, 316, 327, 330, 404, 417
immunizations, 205, 210-211, 240, 299
insurance coverage, 15, 56-57, 66, 298, 299, 318
policies, programs, and interventions, 66, 219-223, 252-253
race/ethnicity and, 296-297
reproductive health, 66
research needs, 404
screening and counseling, 66, 276, 296, 297, 299, 327
self-monitoring, 322
STI/HIV infection, 209, 212, 221-223, 241, 242, 247, 296, 299, 327
tobacco use, 276, 296, 297, 299, 327
transition from pediatric systems, 287
two-generation approaches, 320
utilization, 282, 296-297, 427
Principles to guide action, 64-66 (see also Policies and programs)
Project Pericles, 178
Promise Neighborhoods, 255
Promoting Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE), 22, 157-158
Public Allies, 185-186, 441, 446
Public health (see also specific issues)
access to services, 241, 242, 245, 250-251
conclusions and recommendations, 12-13, 253-259
essential services and infrastructure, 202
key findings, 199-200
overview of perspectives and activities, 201-203
priority issues, 203-212
social media and, 232-235
Public health interventions
alcohol use, 218-219
chronic disease prevention, 200, 219-221
goals, 214-215
immunizations, 205, 210-211, 223, 240, 299
integration of services, 241-242
lessons learned, 231-232
mental health conditions, 225-228
motor vehicle safety, 228-230
multiple risk behaviors, 231
sexual assault and intimate partner violence, 224-225
STI/HIV infection prevention, 221-223
tobacco use, 215-217
Public health policies and programs
alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco, 12, 201, 205, 214, 218-219, 224-225, 229, 230, 231, 233, 236-239, 247, 248, 249, 302
community transformation grants, 256-257
federal, 242-251
improving and coordinating, 239-253
preventive care opportunities under ACA, 252-253
research needs, 257-258
state and local coordination, 240-242, 254-256
Public Housing program, 370
R
Race to the Top program, 10, 160
Race/ethnicity (see also African Americans/non-Hispanic blacks; American Indians/Alaska Natives; Asians/Pacific Islanders; Hispanics)
and alcohol abuse, 212
and civic engagement, 171, 175-176
diversity trends, 57-58, 62-63
and education, 3, 44, 47, 58, 61, 104, 128, 129-130, 132, 133, 135, 137, 138-139, 431
and employment, 103-104, 128, 130, 132, 133
focus and scope of this report, 30-31
parenthood patterns, 88-89, 90, 92, 93, 106, 109
prejudice and discrimination based on, 31, 58-59
preventive health services, 296-297
research needs, 162-163
and union formation, 83
Rape/sexual assault, 205, 207, 211-212, 224-225, 360 (see also Intimate partner violence)
Recommendations (see also specific domains)
cross-cutting, 407-408
domain-specific organized by responsible entity, 408-415
focus, 31
two-generation programs, 9, 110
Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 152-153, 154
Reintegration of Ex-Offenders program, 362, 365
Relationships (see also Intergenerational relationships; Parenthood and parenting; Romantic/intimate relationships and union formation; Social relationships)
conclusions and recommendations, 107-111
key findings, 77-78
socioecological framework, 78-79
Reproductive health
access to services, 66, 205, 241
alcohol abuse and pregnancy, 237, 277
challenges, 208-209
disparities, 211
public health programs, 246-247
utilization of health services, 282
Research
guiding principles, 64
methods for this study, 23-24
needs, 110, 162-163, 412-413, 415, 416-417
outcome measures, 64
young adults’ treatment in, 20
Risk-taking behavior, 5-6, 36-37, 41, 52, 54, 56, 57, 63, 95, 97, 100, 145, 204, 205, 214, 218, 221, 222, 229-230, 235-236, 275-276, 368, 381
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2, 20, 234
Roca, 157
Romantic/intimate relationships and union formation
cohabitation, 3, 4, 43-44, 45, 46, 50-51, 61, 77, 83, 84-85, 86-87, 88, 91, 92, 93, 94-95, 99, 107
economic stability and, 84
family stability and, 83
gender and, 83-84
health and other benefits, 3-4, 85-86, 91, 93
health selection, 86
marriage, 3-4, 23, 43-44, 45-46, 50-51, 61, 82, 83-84, 85-86, 89, 91, 93, 94, 99, 107, 108, 109, 124, 372
and mental health, 86-87
parenthood and, 83
patterns, 3-4, 43-44, 61, 82-85
programs/interventions, 108
race/ethnicity and, 44-45, 83, 88-89, 90, 109
same-sex, 3-4, 45, 61, 83, 85-86
social media and, 51
stress and conflict, 90
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 178-179
Runaway and Homeless Youth Act (RHYA), 368, 371
Runaway and Homeless Youth Management Information System, 369
Runaway and Homeless Youth Program, 368
Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program, 247, 248, 250-251
S
Schools of Choice in New York City, 156 n.13
Scope and focus of this report
challenges, 28-29
data limitations, 28
haves and have-nots, 30
heterogeneity of population, 29-30
policy-relevant domains, 29
program selection, 28
racial and ethnic disparities, 30-31
recommendations, 31
Seattle Children’s Hospital, 287
Second Chance Act Grant Program, 362
Second Chance Act Prisoner Reentry Initiative, 365
Section 811 Supportive Housing for Persons with Disabilities, 370
Senior Corps, 179-180
Sensation seeking, 40, 41, 236, 360
Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative, 365
Sexual behavior (see also Reproductive health)
unprotected, 56, 57, 205, 239, 241, 317, 402
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
access to health services, 317
prevention, 209, 212, 221-223, 241, 242, 247, 296, 299, 327
utilization of health services, 282, 296
Shared Youth Vision Federal Partnership, 388
Sheltering Arms Early Learning and Resource Center, 97
Sickle cell disease, 283, 284, 285, 287
SiSTA (Sistas Informing Sistas about Topics on AIDS) program, 221, 222
SMART (Start Making a Real Transformation) initiative, 364
Smoking (see Tobacco use)
Social capital, 81, 82, 94, 98, 99, 174, 377, 445
Social exclusion, 27
Social expectations, 19-20
Social Innovation Fund (SIF), 179-180
Social media, 24, 51, 62, 65-66, 80, 107, 110, 162-163, 180, 217, 232-235, 258, 320, 321, 416, 417
Social networks/networking
and civic engagement, 11, 180, 181, 183, 186
defined, 80
employment, 133
and health and well-being, 26, 77, 80, 108, 144
incarcerated young adults, 106
information technology and social media and, 51, 60, 80, 81, 82, 230, 233, 235, 253
national service and, 189, 192
public health interventions, 12, 97, 98, 110, 199, 201, 230, 233, 235, 253
research needs, 110
and union formation, 85
Social relationships (see also Social networks/networking)
expression, 82
parental modeling and, 105
Social roles and activities
findings and implications, 19, 60-62
information technology and social media and, 3, 51
socioeconomic context, 19, 46-49, 60-61
Social Security Act, Titles IV-B and IV-E, 351, 354
Social Security Administration (SSA), 157, 293, 388
Social Services Block Grant, 373
Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine, 314-315
Socioeconomic position
and civic engagement, 171, 175-176
and educational attainment, 137, 138-139
and family patterns, 49-51, 61, 67
Socioeconomic restructuring, 3, 49-51, 60, 62-63, 67
Special education students, 148-150
State and Community Highway Safety, 248
Statement of Task, 21
Street Outreach Program (SOP), 370
Study charge, 20
Study Group on the Transitions between Juvenile Delinquency and Adult Crime, 361, 365-366
Substance abuse (see also Alcohol use)
college students, 150
and employment, 376
foster youth aging out, 309, 353
health outcomes, 204
insurance coverage, 291-292, 295, 311
interventions, 22, 242, 247, 302, 362
justice system–involved individuals, 310, 365
marijuana, 5, 54, 63, 144, 205, 208, 212, 213, 230, 236, 237-238, 239, 258, 259, 295, 417
multiple partner fertility and, 90
prevention, 6-7, 238, 299, 361, 368-369
public health burden, 56, 204, 205, 208
race/ethnicity and, 57, 212, 213
social stigma, 295
socioeconomic position and, 54, 90
transition from pediatric to adult care, 295
treatment and services, 6-7, 238, 279, 291, 292, 295, 311, 318, 365, 411
and unprotected sex, 239
utilization of health services, 280, 282
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 15, 21, 328, 387, 411
Campus Suicide Prevention Grants, 302
Drug-Free Communities, 247
Emerging Adulthood Initiative, 290-291
Grants to Improve Mental Health Services for Young People, 22
Services Grant Program for Residential Treatment for Pregnant and Postpartum Women, 246
Suicide, 22, 52, 53, 56, 149, 191, 203, 208, 213, 225, 227-228, 237, 299, 302, 303, 433
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), 151, 372, 374-375, 376-377, 380, 382, 383
Supplemental Security Income (SSI), 150, 157-158, 292-293, 381, 382-383
Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), 131, 137
Synar Amendment, 238
T
Talent Development model, 156 n.12
Task Force on the Expansion of National Service, 193
Teach for America (TFA), 185, 441, 444-445, 446-447
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), 151, 349, 372-374, 375-376, 380, 381, 382
Title V Community Prevention Grants Program, 362
Tobacco Regulation Awareness, Communication, and Education Program, 247
Tobacco Rule, 238
Tobacco use
advertising and promotion, 235, 239
age access laws, 236-239
and educational difficulties, 150
health impacts, 204, 217, 256, 277
and insurance premiums, 308
interventions, 12, 209, 214, 215-217, 231, 235
patterns, 5, 54, 63, 80, 87, 144, 203 n.1, 209, 213, 214
pregnancy and, 277
public health policies and initiatives, 13, 201, 205, 214, 236-239, 241, 244, 245, 248, 252, 256-257, 402
race/ethnicity and, 213
screening and preventive counseling, 276, 296, 297, 299, 327
Tobacco-Free College Campus initiative, 245, 248
Trade Adjustment Assistance Community College and Career Training grants, 152 n.9
Transition Age Youth (TAY) initiative, 242, 244-245
Transition Assistance Program, 191
Transition from adolescence to adulthood
interrelated domains, 124
school-to-work patterns, 46-49
theoretical perspectives, 76-77
timing and sequencing of social role acquisition, 42-49, 60-61
Transition from pediatric to adult health care
ACA and, 325
aging out of child-serving systems, 292-293
behavioral health care, 57, 66, 277, 291-294
for chronic health conditions, 57, 283-291
conclusions and recommendations, 323-327
improvement efforts, 288-291
navigation challenges, 14, 28, 57, 276, 277, 278, 295, 316
preventive services, 66
provider limitations, 285-286
substance abuse care, 295
system differences, 286-288, 293-294
Transition of young adults with disabilities, 22, 29
Transition Youth Demonstration, 157-158
Transitional Living Program (TLP), 369
Two Generations, One Future, 98
U
Unauthorized immigrants
access to health care, 305, 309
characteristics, 47, 312, 378-380
health insurance coverage, 276, 312
services and supports, 29, 312-313, 380, 381
Unemployment
insurance, 151
and program eligibility, 374
rates, 47-48, 127, 128, 129, 130
United Service Organizations, Inc., 189
University of Arizona, 181
University of Chicago, 385-386
University of Michigan, 245, 248
University of Pennsylvania, 386
Urban Institute, 97
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), 151, 257, 374, 375, 376-377
U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), 2, 6, 15, 20, 21, 57, 191, 247, 257, 328, 388, 411-412
U.S. Department of Education, 9-10, 11, 16, 17, 151, 153, 157, 159, 160, 161, 181, 193, 255, 364, 386, 387, 388, 389, 409, 410
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), 364, 387, 389
Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Grant Programs, 243-244, 246
dual-generations program, 97
HIV/AIDS prevention programs, 247, 248, 250-251
Innovation Strategies for Increasing Self-Sufficiency, 157 n.13
mental health grants and initiatives, 22
Office of Family Planning, 244
Office of Population Affairs, 246
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, 2, 20
Pregnancy Assistance Fund Program, 246
recommendations for, 16, 17, 386, 387, 409
Services Grant Program for Residential Treatment for Pregnant and Postpartum Women, 243-244, 246
Shared Youth Vision Federal Partnership, 388
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), 16, 17, 255, 364, 367, 386, 387, 388, 402, 409, 449
U.S. Department of Justice, 11, 16, 17, 21, 110, 193, 237-238, 361, 364, 365, 386, 387, 388, 409
U.S. Department of Labor (DOL), 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, 21, 151-152, 153-154, 160, 161, 191, 193, 362, 363, 364, 386, 387, 388, 389, 402, 409, 410, 442, 443, 447, 448, 449
U.S. Department of the Interior, 402, 449
U.S. Department of Transportation, 248-249, 388
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 15, 191, 247, 257, 328, 370, 411
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 238-239, 247
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), 15, 297, 298, 300, 301, 316, 327, 328, 410, 411, 413
U.S. Task Force on Community Preventive Services, 237
USA Freedom Corps, 179
Utilization of health care
behavioral health services, 226, 282
emergency room visits, 5, 146, 206, 208, 228, 275, 280-281, 282, 284, 291, 306, 320
insurance coverage and, 125
mental health services, 56, 280, 282
physical and dental checkups, 5, 54, 55, 63, 280, 298
preventive services, 282, 296-297, 427
race/ethnicity and, 296
reproductive/sexual health services, 282, 296
V
Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing, 370
Veterans Rehabilitation Alcohol and Drug Dependence, 247
Violence (see also Domestic violence; Homicide)
risk taking and poor decision making and, 56
VISTA (Volunteers in Service to America), 179, 180, 181
Vocational education (see Career and technical education)
Vocational Rehabilitation, 151
Volunteer Generation Fund, 179-180
Volunteerism, 24, 171, 172, 173-174, 175, 177, 178, 179-180, 185, 192
Voting, 174-175, 176, 177, 184, 443, 445, 447
W
War on Terror, 187
Washington Service Corps, 185, 441
White House Office of National Service, 179
WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children), 372, 375, 377
Wisconsin Regional Training Partnership, 155
W.K. Kellogg Foundation, 96-98
Women’s Preventive Services Guidelines, 298-299
Work-based learning, 10, 142-143, 155, 157, 160, 446
Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA), 151, 152, 153-154
Workforce Innovation Funds, 152 n.9
Workforce Innovation in Regional Economic Development grants, 152 n.9
Workforce Investment Act, 151 n.8
Y
Year Up, 155
Yellow Ribbon Reintegration Program, 189
YMCA Military Outreach, 189
Young Adult Indicator Data, 22
Young adults with disabilities
access to health care, 245
bias and discrimination, 62, 150, 154
and education and employment, 49, 124, 126, 148-150, 152-153
mental health, 56
parental support of, 102-103
transition to self-sufficiency, 22
Youth Transition Demonstration, 157
Youth-Adult Council, 242
YouthBuild, 179, 185-186, 193, 363-364, 403, 441, 442-444, 446
