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The Postdoctoral Experience Revisited (2014)

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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Postdoctoral Experience Revisited. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18982.
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References

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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Postdoctoral Experience Revisited. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18982.
×

Cantwell, Brendan, and Jenny Lee. “Unseen Workers in the Academic Factory: Perceptions of Neoracism among International Postdocs in the United States and the United Kingdom.” Harvard Educational Review, Winter 2010. (Cantwell and Lee 2010)

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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Postdoctoral Experience Revisited. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18982.
×

Garrison, Howard, Andrea Stith, and Susan Gerbi. “Foreign Postdocs: The Changing Face of Biomedical Science in the U.S.” The FASEB Journal 19, no. 14 (2005): 1938–42.

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Macalister, Heather E. “Postdoctoral Training Reform: A Program for Scientist-Teachers.” Science Careers. http://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org.

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Misu, Toshiyuki, Tomoko Shimomura, Yukiko Miura, Akira Horoiwa, and Kan Imai. “Survey on Postdoctoral Fellows and Research Assistants (FY2005).” 1st Policy-Oriented Research Group National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP) in cooperation with Knowledge Infrastructure Policy Division Science and Technology Policy Bureau Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). Japan. August 2006. Available at http://www.nistep.go.jp/achiev/ftx/eng/mat128e/idx128e.html. Accessed on May 8, 2014.

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MIT Institutional Research. “Postdoctoral Life at MIT: Findings from the 2010 Postdoctoral Scholar Survey,” 2011. http://web.mit.edu/IR/surveys/pdf/Postdoctoral_Life_at_MIT_Report_June_2011.pdf. Accessed April 10, 2014.

Mitchell, Jeremy, and Valerie Walker. “The 2013 Canadian Postdoc Survey: Painting a Picture of Canadian Postdoctoral Scholars.” The Canadian Association of Postdoctoral Scholars/L’Association Canadienne de Stagiaires Post-doctoraux (CAPS-ACSP) and Mitacs, 2013.

MOR Associates, Inc. “Berkeley Lab 2009 Postdoc Survey.” Brian McDonald, President, March 2009.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Postdoctoral Experience Revisited. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18982.
×

National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine. “Adviser, Teacher, Role Model, Friend: On Being a Mentor to Students in Science and Engineering.” Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1997.

———. “Enhancing the Postdoctoral Experience for Scientists and Engineers: A Guide for Postdoctoral Scholars, Advisers, Institutions, Funding Organizations, and Disciplinary Societies.” Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2000. (The 2000 Postdoctoral Report)

National Institutes of Health. “NIH Statement in Response to the NAS Report: Addressing the Nation’s Changing Needs for Biomedical and Behavioral Scientists.” March 22, 2001. NOT-OD-01-027 http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-01-027.html (NIH 2001)

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———. “NIH Postdoc Handbook.” Bethesda, MD: Office of Intramural Training and Education, 2012.

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———. “Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists.” Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1998. (NRC 1998)

———. “Addressing the Nation’s Changing Needs for Biomedical and Behavioral Scientists.” Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2000. (NRC 2000)

———. “Gender Differences at Critical Transitions in the Careers of Science, Engineering, and Mathematics Faculty.” Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2000. (NRC 2000)

———. “Bridges to Independence: Fostering the Independence of New Investigators in Biomedical Research.” Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2005. (NRC 2005a)

———. “Policy Implications of International Graduate Students and Postdoctoral Scholars in the United States.” Washington, DC: The

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Postdoctoral Experience Revisited. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18982.
×

        National Academies Press, 2005. (NRC 2005b)

———. “Gender Differences at Critical Transitions in the Careers of Science, Engineering, and Mathematics Faculty.” Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2010. (NRC 2010)

———. “Research Training in the Biomedical, Behavioral, and Clinical Research Sciences.” Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2011. (NRC 2011)

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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Postdoctoral Experience Revisited. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18982.
×

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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Postdoctoral Experience Revisited. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18982.
×

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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Postdoctoral Experience Revisited. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18982.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Postdoctoral Experience Revisited. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18982.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Postdoctoral Experience Revisited. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18982.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Postdoctoral Experience Revisited. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18982.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Postdoctoral Experience Revisited. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18982.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Postdoctoral Experience Revisited. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18982.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Postdoctoral Experience Revisited. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18982.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Postdoctoral Experience Revisited. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18982.
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The Postdoctoral Experience Revisited builds on the 2000 report Enhancing the Postdoctoral Experience for Scientists and Engineers. That ground-breaking report assessed the postdoctoral experience and provided principles, action points, and recommendations to enhance that experience. Since the publication of the 2000 report, the postdoctoral landscape has changed considerably. The percentage of PhDs who pursue postdoctoral training is growing steadily and spreading from the biomedical and physical sciences to engineering and the social sciences. The average length of time spent in postdoctoral positions seems to be increasing. The Postdoctoral Experience Revisited reexamines postdoctoral programs in the United States, focusing on how postdocs are being guided and managed, how institutional practices have changed, and what happens to postdocs after they complete their programs. This book explores important changes that have occurred in postdoctoral practices and the research ecosystem and assesses how well current practices meet the needs of these fledgling scientists and engineers and of the research enterprise.

The Postdoctoral Experience Revisited takes a fresh look at current postdoctoral fellows - how many there are, where they are working, in what fields, and for how many years. This book makes recommendations to improve aspects of programs - postdoctoral period of service, title and role, career development, compensation and benefits, and mentoring. Current data on demographics, career aspirations, and career outcomes for postdocs are limited. This report makes the case for better data collection by research institution and data sharing.

A larger goal of this study is not only to propose ways to make the postdoctoral system better for the postdoctoral researchers themselves but also to better understand the role that postdoctoral training plays in the research enterprise. It is also to ask whether there are alternative ways to satisfy some of the research and career development needs of postdoctoral researchers that are now being met with several years of advanced training. Postdoctoral researchers are the future of the research enterprise. The discussion and recommendations of The Postdoctoral Experience Revisited will stimulate action toward clarifying the role of postdoctoral researchers and improving their status and experience.

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