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Review of NASA's Evidence Reports on Human Health Risks: 2014 Letter Report (2015)

Chapter: Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine. 2015. Review of NASA's Evidence Reports on Human Health Risks: 2014 Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18983.
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Page 75
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine. 2015. Review of NASA's Evidence Reports on Human Health Risks: 2014 Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18983.
×
Page 76
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine. 2015. Review of NASA's Evidence Reports on Human Health Risks: 2014 Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18983.
×
Page 77
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine. 2015. Review of NASA's Evidence Reports on Human Health Risks: 2014 Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18983.
×
Page 78
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine. 2015. Review of NASA's Evidence Reports on Human Health Risks: 2014 Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18983.
×
Page 79
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine. 2015. Review of NASA's Evidence Reports on Human Health Risks: 2014 Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18983.
×
Page 80
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine. 2015. Review of NASA's Evidence Reports on Human Health Risks: 2014 Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18983.
×
Page 81
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine. 2015. Review of NASA's Evidence Reports on Human Health Risks: 2014 Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18983.
×
Page 82

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B Committee Biographical Sketches Carol E. H. Scott-Conner, M.D., Ph.D., M.B.A. (Chair), is a professor in the Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City. Dr. Scott- Conner received her undergraduate training in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and worked as an engi- neer before attending medical school at New York University (NYU). In 1976, she received her M.D. from NYU, where she also completed a res- idency in surgery. After leaving NYU, she joined the faculty at Marshall University and then moved to the University of Mississippi. During her tenure there, she earned a Ph.D. in anatomy from the Univer- sity of Kentucky and an M.B.A. In 1995, she became professor and head of surgery at the University of Iowa. Dr. Scott-Conner has been active on 22 editorial boards and has written more than 200 original papers, ab- stracts, reviews, and book chapters. She is certified by the National Board of Medical Examiners and the American Board of Surgery and has a certification of added qualifications in surgical critical care. Dr. Scott- Conner has served on a number of Institute of Medicine (IOM) commit- tees, and she chairs the IOM Standing Committee on Aerospace Medi- cine and the Medicine of Extreme Environments. Daniel R. Masys, M.D. (Vice Chair), is an affiliate professor of biomed- ical and health informatics at the University of Washington School of Medicine, where he joined the Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education in 2011. Previously, he served as a professor and the chair of the Department of Biomedical Informatics and a professor of medicine at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. An honors graduate of Princeton University and the Ohio State University College of Medicine, he completed postgraduate training in internal medicine, 75

76 REVIEW OF NASA’S EVIDENCE REPORTS ON HUMAN HEALTH RISKS hematology, and medical oncology at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), and the Naval Regional Medical Center, San Diego. He served as chief of the International Cancer Research Data Bank of the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, and was director of the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, which is a computer research and development division of the National Library of Medicine. He also served as director of Biomedical Informatics at the UCSD School of Medicine, director of the UCSD Human Research Protections Program, and professor of medicine. Dr. Masys is an elected member of the Institute of Medicine (IOM). He is a diplomate of the American Board of Internal Medicine in medicine, hematology, and medi- cal oncology. He is a fellow of the American College of Physicians and fellow and past president of the American College of Medical Informatics. Dr. Masys served as a member of the IOM Committee on Aerospace Med- icine and Medicine of Extreme Environments and chaired the 2008 IOM review of NASA’s Human Research Program evidence books. Susan A. Bloomfield, Ph.D., earned her B.S. in biology at Oberlin Col- lege (Ohio) and her M.A. in physical education (exercise physiology) at the University of Iowa. After completing a Ph.D. (exercise physiology) at Ohio State University, Dr. Bloomfield joined the faculty in the De- partment of Health and Kinesiology at Texas A&M University in 1993, where she currently holds the rank of professor and is director of the Bone Biology Laboratory. In addition, she serves as assistant provost in the Texas A&M Office of Graduate and Professional Studies. Her re- search interests focus on the integrative physiology of bone, with specific reference to adaptations to disuse, microgravity, and caloric deficiency and how the sympathetic nervous system, altered blood flow, and endo- crine factors modify those adaptations. Her more recent work has fo- cused on the independent and combined effects of partial weight bearing and simulated space radiation on the integrity of bone and muscle, in- volving several experiments at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Collab- orations with muscle biologists have enabled definition of concurrent changes in muscle-bone pairs with disuse and/or radiation exposure. Her work has been funded by the National Space Biomedical Research Insti- tute (NSBRI), the Department of Defense, and, currently, NASA’s Space Biology Program. From 2000 to 2012, Dr. Bloomfield served as the as- sociate lead for the Bone Loss (later, Musculoskeletal Alterations) Team within the NSBRI, and she has served on numerous NASA and European Space Agency review panels during the past 14 years. She is a member

APPENDIX B 77 of the Texas A&M Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences graduate faculty and is an associate member of the Texas A&M University Health Sciences Center School of Graduate Studies. Karen S. Cook, Ph.D., is the Ray Lyman Wilbur Professor of Sociolo- gy, director of the Institute for Research in the Social Sciences, and vice provost of the Faculty Development and Diversity Office at Stanford University. She conducts research on social interaction, social networks, and trust. She has edited and co-edited a number of books in the Russell Sage Foundation Trust Series, including Trust in Society (2001); Trust and Distrust in Organizations: Emerging Perspectives; eTrust: Forming Relationships in the Online World; and Whom Can We Trust? She is co- author of Cooperation Without Trust?, and she co-edited Sociological Perspectives on Social Psychology. In 1996 she was elected to the Amer- ican Academy of Arts and Sciences and in 2007 to the National Acade- my of Sciences. In 2004 she received the Cooley-Mead Award from the American Sociological Association’s Social Psychology Section for ca- reer contributions to social psychology. Sundaresan Jayaraman, Ph.D., is the Kolon Professor in the School of Materials Science and Engineering with a joint appointment in the Schel- ler College of Business at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia. He and his research students have made significant contributions in enterprise architecture and modeling methodologies for information sys- tems; engineering design of intelligent textile structures and processes; and design and development of knowledge-based systems for textiles and ap- parel. His group’s research has resulted in the realization of the world’s first Wearable Motherboard™ or Smart Shirt. Dr. Jayaraman is currently engaged in studying the role of management and technology innovation in health care. He received his Ph.D. from North Carolina State Universi- ty, in 1984, and his M.Tech. and B.Tech. degrees from the University of Madras, India, in 1978 and 1976, respectively. He was involved in the design and development of TK!Solver, the first equation-solving pro- gram from Software Arts, Inc. Dr. Jayaraman worked as a product man- ager at Software Arts, Inc., and at Lotus Development Corporation, before joining Georgia Tech in the fall of 1985. Professor Jayaraman is a recipient of the 1989 Presidential Young Investigator Award from the National Science Foundation for his research in the area of computer- aided manufacturing and enterprise architecture. Dr. Jayaraman serves on the National Research Council’s National Materials and Manufacturing

78 REVIEW OF NASA’S EVIDENCE REPORTS ON HUMAN HEALTH RISKS Board and has previously served on a number of Institute of Medicine (IOM) committees, including the IOM Committee on Personal Protective Equipment in the Workplace. Cheryl Nickerson, Ph.D., is a professor in the School of Life Sciences, at the Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University in the Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology. Her research focuses on character- izing the effects of biomechanical forces on living cells (microbial and human), how this response is related to normal cellular homeostasis or infectious disease progression, and translation to biomedical and clinical applications. She has developed several innovative model pathogenesis systems to study these processes, including three-dimensional organotyp- ic cell culture models to study host-pathogen interactions, and character- izing pathogen responses to physiological fluid shear forces encountered in the infected host and in the microgravity environment of spaceflight. She is a recipient of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers and of NASA’s Exceptional Scientific Achievement Med- al, and she was selected as a NASA astronaut candidate finalist. Her re- search has flown on numerous NASA Shuttle missions and on the International Space Station, and will fly on upcoming SpaceX missions. She is founding editor-in-chief of the Nature Publishing Group journal, npj Microgravity, a new multidisciplinary research journal dedicated to publishing the most important scientific advances in the life sciences, physical sciences, and engineering fields that are facilitated by space- flight and analog platforms. James A. Pawelczyk, Ph.D., is an associate professor of physiology, kinesiology, and medicine at Pennsylvania State University. Dr. Pawelczyk served as a payload specialist on STS-90 Neurolab (April 17 to May 3, 1998); the experiments on-board the space shuttle Columbia flight focused on the effects of microgravity on the brain and nervous system. Dr. Pawelczyk is a former member of the NASA Life Sciences Advisory Subcommittee in the Office of Biological and Physical Re- search, and he served as a member of NASA’s ReMaP Task Force in 2002, which was charged with reprioritizing research on the space sta- tion. Dr. Pawelczyk’s research areas include central neural control of the cardiovascular system and compensatory mechanisms to conditioning and deconditioning. He received his M.S. in physiology from Pennsylva- nia State University and his Ph.D. in biology (physiology) from the Uni- versity of North Texas. He chaired the National Research Council (NRC)

APPENDIX B 79 Decadal Survey on Biological and Physical Sciences in Space: Integra- tive and Translational Research for the Human System Panel and chaired an Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on NASA’s directed research pro- grams in 2012. He has served on several NRC and IOM committees and recently completed rotations on the IOM’s Committee on Aerospace Medicine and the Medicine of Extreme Environments and the NRC’s Space Studies Board. Robert L. Satcher, Jr., M.D., Ph.D., is an assistant professor of surgical oncology at MD Anderson Cancer Center. He earned a Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1993 and an M.D. from Harvard Medical School in 1994. His medical specialties are orthopedics and oncology, and he has done much work in treating bone cancer in adults and children. Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in 2004, he completed his training 2 years later. He was aboard the space shuttle Atlantis that journeyed to the International Space Sta- tion for almost 11 days in November 2009. Classified as a mission spe- cialist, he studied the influence of zero gravity on muscles and bone density as well as the effects of space on the immune system. He also used his surgical training to install an antenna and help repair two robotic arms on the space station. Dr. Satcher is director of the eHealth Research Institute at Texas Medical Center and a member of the User Panel at the National Space and Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI). He is a fre- quent reviewer and adviser for medical issues related to spaceflight. Randall Shumaker, Ph.D., is the director of the University of Central Florida’s Institute for Simulation & Training and a former Naval Re- search Laboratory executive. He is an expert on artificial intelligence and human-robot interactions, including in health, security, and military appli- cations. He has also explored the challenges and comfort levels of humans accepting various roles that robots can play in society. Dr. Shumaker’s research interests include artificial intelligence, biomorphic computing methods, and advanced techniques for software development. He is a frequent reviewer and adviser for military research programs and has had significant success in transitioning research from academia into govern- ment and industry. Dr. Shumaker is the author of more than 60 scientific publications and is a frequent speaker on a variety of technical topics. Previously, he served as superintendent of the Information Technology Division of the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, DC. He

80 REVIEW OF NASA’S EVIDENCE REPORTS ON HUMAN HEALTH RISKS received a doctorate in computer science from the University of Pennsyl- vania. Dr. Shumaker is a professional engineer and a commercial pilot. Jack Stuster, Ph.D., is the vice president and principal scientist of Ana- capa Sciences, Inc., a human factors and applied behavioral sciences re- search firm. He received a bachelor’s degree in experimental psychology from the University of California, Santa Barbara, and master’s and Ph.D. degrees in anthropology from the same institution. Dr. Stuster is a certi- fied professional ergonomist, specializing in the measurement and en- hancement of human performance in extreme environments. He has analyzed the tasks performed by U.S. Navy SEALs, SEAL delivery- vehicle pilots and navigators, explosive ordnance disposal technicians, crews of high-speed hovercraft, maintenance personnel, and military leaders. Dr. Stuster’s work for NASA began in 1982 with a systems analysis of space shuttle refurbishing procedures, which has been fol- lowed by studies of conditions on Earth that are analogous to those found on space missions. Dr. Stuster has been awarded fellow status by the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society and the Borneo Research Socie- ty. He was a member of the Science Council of NASA’s Institute for Advanced Concepts and is now a member of the External Advisory Council of the National Space Biomedical Research Institute. He has also served on several government advisory groups, including the stand- ing committee of the National Academies Board on Army Science and Technology to support the efforts of the Joint Improvised Explosive De- vice Defeat Organization, for which he received a patriotic Civilian Ser- vice Commendation in 2011. He currently serves as the principal investigator of the Journals Flight Experiment and of the development of the Cultural Depot, an information-sharing system for use by special op- erations personnel. Gayle E. Woloschak, Ph.D., is a professor in the Department of Radiol- ogy at the Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University. Her research interests include studies of the molecular biology of lymphocyte and motor neuron abnormalities in DNA repair–deficient mice, studies of radiation-inducible nanoparticles, and the analysis of molecular mecha- nisms of oncogenesis in radiation-induced tumors. She received her Ph.D. in medical sciences (microbiology) from the Medical College of Ohio and did postdoctoral training in the departments of immunology and molecular biology at the Mayo Clinic. Dr. Woloschak was a senior molecular biologist and group leader of the Biosciences Division at Ar-

APPENDIX B 81 gonne National Laboratory, and a senior fellow at the Nanosciences Consortium of Argonne National Laboratory–University of Chicago. She has served as a member on the National Institutes of Health’s radiation study section and on the National Research Council’s Committee on the Evaluation of Radiation Shielding for Space Exploration, and she has chaired NASA’s peer-review radiation biology committee. Laurence R. Young, Sc.D., is professor of astronautics and professor of health sciences and technology at the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology (MIT). He was the founding director (1997–2001) of the National Space Biomedical Research Institute. Dr. Young is a full member of the International Academy of Astronautics. He received an A.B. from Am- herst College; a certificate in applied mathematics from the Sorbonne in Par- is, as a French government fellow; and S.B. and S.M. degrees in electrical engineering and an Sc.D. in instrumentation from MIT. He joined the MIT faculty in 1962 and co-founded the Man Vehicle Laboratory, which does research on the visual and vestibular systems, visual-vestibular in- teraction, flight simulation, space motion sickness, and manual control and displays. In 1991, Dr. Young was selected as a payload specialist for Spacelab Life Sciences 2. He spent 2 years in training at the Johnson Space Center and served as alternate payload specialist during the Octo- ber 1993 mission. He was chairman of the Harvard–MIT Committee on Biomedical Engineering and Physics and the interdepartmental Ph.D. program in biomedical engineering, and he directs the Harvard–MIT Program in Bioastronautics. Dr. Young is a member of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the National Academy of Engineering and has served on many IOM and National Research Council committees, including the IOM Committee on Aerospace Medicine and the Medicine of Extreme Environments.

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Review of NASA's Evidence Reports on Human Health Risks 2014 Letter Report is the second in a series of five reports from the Institute of Medicine that will independently review more than 30 evidence reports that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration has compiled on human health risks for long-duration and exploration space flights. This report builds on the 2008 IOM report Review of NASA's Human Research Program Evidence Books: A Letter Report, which provided an initial and brief review of the evidence reports.

This letter report reviews seven evidence reports and examines the quality of the evidence, analysis, and overall construction of each report; identifies existing gaps in report content; and provides suggestions for additional sources of expert input. The report analyzes each evidence report's overall quality, which included readability; internal consistency; the source and breadth of cited evidence; identification of existing knowledge and research gaps; authorship expertise; and, if applicable, response to recommendations from the 2008 IOM letter report.

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