National Academies Press: OpenBook
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. A Review of the Swedish KBS-3 Plan for Final Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19380.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. A Review of the Swedish KBS-3 Plan for Final Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19380.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. A Review of the Swedish KBS-3 Plan for Final Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19380.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. A Review of the Swedish KBS-3 Plan for Final Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19380.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. A Review of the Swedish KBS-3 Plan for Final Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19380.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. A Review of the Swedish KBS-3 Plan for Final Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19380.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. A Review of the Swedish KBS-3 Plan for Final Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19380.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. A Review of the Swedish KBS-3 Plan for Final Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19380.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. A Review of the Swedish KBS-3 Plan for Final Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19380.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. A Review of the Swedish KBS-3 Plan for Final Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19380.
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Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

Of.4035 PI384-i95577 Ct ;F:ev1eu' of the Swedish KBS-3 Plan for Final Storage of Spent uclear Fuel National Research Council, Washington, DC. Corp. Source Codes: 0i902600O Sponsor: Ministry of Industry, Stockholm (Sweden). I Mar 84 89p T.ee also' PB8i-ii4936. Sponsored In part by Ministry of nilustry, Stockholm (Swoden). languages: English MTIS Prices: PC A05/MF A0i Journal Announcement: GRAI84i6 Country of Publication: United States A newly formed NAS/NRC Panel reviews the Swedish KBS-3 Plan or the final storage of spent nuclear fuel, considers new upporting information developed by KBS since It published Its 978 KBS-2 Plan, arid concludes that there Is reasonable ssurance that a waste repository built according to the plan ill not permit an unacceptable rate of radlonuclIde escape. rindpal review emphasis Is placed upon geological repository eatures of the storage system—particularly on overall anister and repository design and on the calculations and upporting data related to waste form dissolution and to radio uclide migration from the point of emplacement through the urround ing geosphere. Descriptors: *Nuclear fuels; Nuclear power plants; Cans; weden; Corrosion resistance Identifiers: *Foreign technology; *Spent fuel storage; Radioactive waste disposal; Geologic deposits; RadlonuclIde igratlon; Radioactive waste facilities; NTISNASNRC Section Headings: i8G (Nuclear Science and echnology--RadioactIve Wastes and Fission Products); i80 Nuclear Science and Technology--Reactor Materials); 77G Nuclear Science and Technology--Radioactive Wastes and adioactivlty); 771 (Nuclear Science and Technology--Reactor uels and Fuel Process Ing); 68F (Environmental Pollution and ontrol--Radiation Pollution and Control)

REFERENCE COPY EOR LIBRARY USE ONtY A Review of the Swedish KBS-3 Plan for Final Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel Panel for the Review of the Swedish KBS-3 Plan Board on Radioactive Waste Management Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources National Research Council NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. 1984 NAS-NAE MAR 2 7 1984 LIBRARV

c..\ NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the Councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the Committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. Available from Printed in the United States of America

OFFICE OF THE CHAIRMAN' NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL ?IOI CONSTm/TION AVENUE WASHINGTON, D C 2O4I8 March 1, 1984 Ms. Birgitta Dahl, Energy Minister Ministry of Industry S-103 33 Stockholm Sweden Dear Ms. Dahl: The National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences has completed its review of those portions of the KBS-3 plan for final storage of spent nuclear fuel that relate to the geological repository features of the system. This review, as was true of the earlier review of the KBS-2 plan, relies almost exclusively upon information developed by KBS—the panel members performed no original research in the process of review. The panel finds that the conclusions reached in the plan were warranted by the evidence sub- mitted. The review was conducted by a Panel of the Board on Radioactive Waste Management of the Commission on Physi- cal Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources. Of this six-man Panel, the Chairman and one of the members served on the Subcommittee that previously reviewed the KBS-2 Plan, and two members served on the NRC Panel that has recently completed a study of the isolation system for geologic disposal of radioactive wastes. Please note that while the bulk of the Panel report is organized around the review and update of the answers to questions identified in the NRC evaluation of KBS-2, the fifth chapter of the report deals specifically with a new topic—suggested additional research activities. We very much appreciate the responsiveness displayed throughout our review by the managers and scientists associated with KBS, and are especially pleased that they were able to meet with the assembled Panel in Palo Alto, THE NATIONAL RESEARCH COWCIL IS THE PRINCIPAL OPERATING AGENCY OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING TO SERVE GOVERNMENT AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS. iii

Ms. Birgitta Dahl March 1, 1984 Page 2 California, and with an individual Panel member in Boston, Massachusetts. These opportunities for significant face-to-face discussions made our task easier and, we believe, the review more valuable. Three manuscript copies of the report are enclosed for your immediate use; an additional 250 printed copies will be sent to you in about four weeks. It has been a pleasure for us to work again with your office and with the KBS organization. We wish you every success in the work that lies before you. Frank Press Enclosures iv

PANEL FOR THE REVIEW OP THE SWEDISH KBS-3 PLAN KONRAD B. KRAUSKOPF, Chairman, Stanford University JOHN O. BLOMEKE, Oak Ridge National Laboratory GEORGE M. HORNBERGER, University of Virginia DONALD W. HYNDMAN, University of Montana JOHN M. MATUSZEK, JR., New York State Department of Health ELLIS D. VERINK, JR., University of Florida JOHN S. SIEG, Staff Officer BETTY A. KING, Panel Secretary

BOARD ON RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT KONRAD B. KRAUSKOPF, Chairman, Stanford University FRANK L. PARKER, Vice-Chairman, Vanderbilt University ALBERT CARNESALE, Harvard University MERRIL EISENBUD, New York University Medical Center G. ROSS HEATH, Oregon State University KAI N. LEE, University of Washington JOHN M. MATUSZEK, JR., New York State Department of Health THOMAS H. PIGFORD, University of California, Berkeley ROBERT H. SILSBEE, Cornell University LAURENCE L. SLOSS, Northwestern University SUSAN WILTSHIRE, Research and Planning, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts PETER B. MYERS, Staff Director ROBERTA KEAN, Administrative Assistant vi

COMMISSION ON PHYSICAL SCIENCES, MATHEMATICS, AND RESOURCES HERBERT FRIEDMAN, Chairman, National Research Council ELKAN R. BLOUT, Harvard Medical School WILLIAM BROWDER, Princeton University BERNARD F. BURKE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology HERMAN CHERNOFF, Massachusetts Institute of Technology MILDRED S. DRESSELHAUS, Massachusetts Institute of Technology WALTER R. ECKELMANN, Sohio Petroleum Company JOSEPH L. FISHER, Office of the Governor, Commonwealth of Virginia JAMES C. FLETCHER, University of Pittsburgh WILLIAM A. FOWLER, California Institute of Technology GERHART FRIEDLANDER, Brookhaven National Laboratory EDWARD A. FRIEMAN, Science Applications, Inc. EDWARD D. GOLDBERG, University of California, San Diego CHARLES L. HOSLER, JR., Pennsylvania State University KONRAD B. KRAUSKOPF, Stanford university CHARLES J. MANKIN, Oklahoma Geological Survey WALTER H. MUNK, Scripps Institution of Oceanography GEORGE E. PAKE, Xerox Research Center ROBERT E. SIEVERS, University of Colorado HOWARD E. SIMMONS, JR., E. I. du Pont de Nemours 6 Co., Inc. JOHN D. SPENGLER, Harvard School of Public Health BATTEN S. YODER, JR., Carnegie Institution of Washington RAPHAEL G. RASPER, Executive Director vii

CONTENTS Charge to the Panel xi Summary 1 1. Introduction 8 2. Adequacy of Treatment of Geology and Hydrogeochemistry 14 Repository Sites 14 Groundwater in Its Natural State 17 Effects of Repository Construction on Groundwater 24 Tectonic Stability 25 Glaciation 28 3. Adequacy of Treatment of the Physical and Chemical Stability of the Canisters and Buffer 30 Fabrication of Canisters 31 Mechanical Capability 32 Corrosion Resistance 33 Stress Corrosion Cracking 36 Bentonite Buffer 37 4. Adequacy of Treatment of Radionuclide Movement 42 Retardation in the Near-Field 43 Retardation in the Far-Field 46 Tunnel, Shaft, and Borehole Sealing 52 Calculations on Releases to the Biosphere 54 5. Suggestions for Additional Research 61 6. Concluding Remarks 66 References 71 ix

CHARGE TO THE PANEL On June 2l, 1983, the National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academy of Sciences submitted a proposal in response to the June 7, 1983, invitation by the Swedish Ministry of Industry to review the plan for final storage of spent nuclear fuel—KBS-3. The proposal was accepted on July 4, 1983. In accord with the proposal, the NRC, through its Board on Radioactive Waste Management (BRWM), gathered a panel of experts to review the KBS-3 plan, with principal emphasis on those portions relating to the geological repository features of the storage system. Particular consideration was to be given to overall canister and repository design and to the calculations and supporting data related to waste form dissolution and radionuclide migration from the point of emplacement through the sur- rounding geosphere. Within this framework, the review was also to address the following: • Significant differences between the KBS-3 and KBS-2 systems. • Any modifications of conclusions reached in the 1980 NRC review of KBS-2. • Possible weaknesses in the KBS-3 plan. • Suggested areas for further research. It was understood that the main task of the panel was to assess the validity of the conclusions of the plan, within the above-mentioned areas of principal emphasis, on the basis of the evidence submitted. The NRC agreed, to the extent feasible, to select panel members who were directly familiar either with the previous NRC review or xi

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