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APPENDIX C TRACE METALS MOBILIZED INTO AIR The emissions magnitudes in Table C-1 are the products of enerqy inputs by process and region (Appendix B) and a set of specific emissions coefficients for air and water, by metal, process, and region. The enerqy-input fiqures are derived from government sources and are as reliable as such figures can be, but the emissions coefficients used (Hittman Associates, Inc., 1977) may be somewhat arbitrary. Stated caveats in the Hittman report include restrictions in the availability and accessibility of technical data and derivation of coefficients from a limited number of cases. We have restricted our use of the coefficients to comparisons of order-of-magnitude ranges, for we believe the fiqures to be accurate only to that degree, at best. The coefficients cover effluents from active processes only (i.e., not acid mine drainage from inactive mines), and only the predominant modes of processes (e.g., unit train, barge, or truck for transportation) are considered. The Hittman report provides emissions coefficients for both "uncontrolled" and "controlled" cases. We have used the controlled coefficients as the better indicator of present and future emissions, except for steam-electric plant water emissions, where no controlled emissions coefficients were given. The regional enerqy inputs are aggregated to be consistent with the geographic composition of the regions as defined by Hittman, except that Eastern Kentucky is included in the Northern Appalachia region, because the coal seams are continuous with those of that region. Readers who wish to quote emissions numbers or ratios from this report are urged to consult the Hittman report before doing so. 125
TABLE C.l Amount of Trace Metals Mobilized into Air by Steam-Electric Plant Coal Combustion and by· Coal Supply Processesa by U.S. Region and Metal, 1975 (U.S. tons)b Appalachia Central Northwest Southwest Metal Supply Combustion Supply Combustion Supply Combustion Supply Combustion Arsenic 0.9 l 0.5 0.7 0.03 0.007 0.01 0.006 Beryllium 0.2 4 0.07 3 0.003 0.03 0.0002 O.l Cadmium 0.03 0.04 100 0.001 0.02 0.0003 0.002 Chromium 0.9 100 0.6 200 0.09 7 0.01 3 Copper l 0.5 10 0.2 l 0.01 0.6 1-J Iron 0.9 10,000 0.0003 10,000 0.00007 20 0.000003 200 Ill.) 0\ Lead 0.6 80 0.8 400 0.06 l 0.008 5 Mercury 0.01 40 0.009 20 0.001 80 0.01 0.3 Nickel l 500 0.2 400 0.05 2 0.01 2 Vanadium 2 100 l 70 0.3 300 0.02 3 Zinc 2 100 10 700 0.08 60 0.02 7 aincludes extraction (underground, strip, and auger) and transportation (unit train, barge, truck). Air emissions from preparation were reported as being zero. bsource: After Hittman Associates, Inc. (1977), 12 unpublished appendixes (numbered 4-15), on file in GERHD office, NRC.
