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Issues in Risk Assessment (1993)

Chapter: Differences from and Similarities To the 1983 Report

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Suggested Citation:"Differences from and Similarities To the 1983 Report." National Research Council. 1993. Issues in Risk Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2078.
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goals described above was the development of a hierarchical information package that would contain all relevant information arrayed in increasing complexity of description. That approach would allow the characterization to be understood as deeply as deemed necessary by various clients. Discussants characterized the product as ''simple words to complex graphs and charts," meaning that a good risk characterization should consist of a concise summary supported by detailed appendices.

The risk characterization should convey the nature of the uncertainties, so that clients understand that uncertainties arise from both a lack of specific knowledge and from the character of the available information (i.e., both what we do not know and what we do know contribute to our uncertainties). Finally, the characterization should convey perceived needs for information. It should clearly identify research or management practices that could reduce uncertainties or improve our ability to assess risk in the future.

Differences from and Similarities To the 1983 Report

Discussants considered the definition of risk characterization presented in the 1983 report (p. 20): "Risk characterization is the process of estimating the incidence of a health effect under the various conditions of human exposure described in exposure assessment. It is performed by combining the exposure and dose-response assessments. The summary effects of the uncertainties in the preceding steps are described in this step." It was generally felt that this aspect of risk assessment was the least well-developed component of the process. Discussants were particularly concerned that the characterization not only describe the incidence of potential ecological effects, but also consider types and levels of hazard and communicate what is known about the temporal aspects of a risk. Although it was not mentioned in the 1983 report, discussants stressed the importance of having the risk characterization represent an iterative process involving collaboration between the assessors and their clients.

All those points led to a consensus that risk characterization for ecological risk assessment should not be constrained by the 1983 report. It must represent a broader perspective on the nature of potential effects.

Suggested Citation:"Differences from and Similarities To the 1983 Report." National Research Council. 1993. Issues in Risk Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2078.
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The scientific basis, inference assumptions, regulatory uses, and research needs in risk assessment are considered in this two-part volume.

The first part, Use of Maximum Tolerated Dose in Animal Bioassays for Carcinogenicity, focuses on whether the maximum tolerated dose should continue to be used in carcinogenesis bioassays. The committee considers several options for modifying current bioassay procedures.

The second part, Two-Stage Models of Carcinogenesis, stems from efforts to identify improved means of cancer risk assessment that have resulted in the development of a mathematical dose-response model based on a paradigm for the biologic phenomena thought to be associated with carcinogenesis.

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