Atlas, R. 2014. Potential Benefits. Presentation at the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 16. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyFoJNfUmxg&list=UUBeoZcQRZ800s3bP2yJrFEw.
Baric, R. 2014. No Approved Vaccines or Therapeutics for SARS-Cov or Mers-CoV in the Midst of an Ongoing MERS-CoV Outbreak. Presentation at the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 15. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aw-nR6-4kQQ.
Baric. R. 2014. Research: Coronaviruses, Noroviruses and Flaviviruses, Host-Susceptibility Gene Mapping, Cross Species Transmission, Pathogenesis, Animal Model Development, Vaccine Design. Presentation at the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 16. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jfUTwoe7SvE.
Borse, R., S. S. Shrestha, A. E. Fiore, C. Y. Atkins, J. A. Singleton, C. Furlow, and M. I. Meltzer. 2013. Effects of Vaccine Program Against Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus, United States, 2009-2010. Available at: http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/19/3/12-0394_article.
Charo, A. 2014. Policy Implications. Presentation at the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 16. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyFoJNfUmxg&list=UUBeoZcQRZ800s3bP2yJrFEw.
Deng, X., et al. 2014. A Chimeric Virus-Mouse Model System for Evaluating Function and Inhibition of Papain-like Proteases of Emerging Coronaviruses. J. Virol. 88(20): 11825-11833.
Denison, M. 2014. GoF Studies in MERS and SARS Countermeasures. Presentation at the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 15. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aw-nR6-4kQQ.
Dormitzer, P., et. al. 2013. Synthetic Generation of Influenza Vaccine Viruses for Rapid Response to Pandemics. Available at: http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/5/185/185ra68.
Fineberg, H. 2014. Opening Remarks at the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 15. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyFoJNfUmxg&list=UUBeoZcQRZ800s3bP2yJrFEw.
Fischhoff, B. 2014a. What Can Risk/Benefit Assessment Do and What Can It Not Do? What have we learned from the past about strategies, pitfalls, and limitations of risk and benefit assessments? Presentation at the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 16. Available at:at:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyFoJNfUmxg&list=UUBeoZcQRZ800s3bP2yJrFEw.
Fischoff, B. 2014b. Considerations/challenges for analysis of potential risks and benefits to inform broader assessments. Presentation at the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 16. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyFoJNfUmxg&list=UUBeoZcQRZ800s3bP2yJrFEw.
Fischhoff, B., and J. Kadvany. 2011. Risk: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford, U.K., Oxford University Press.
Fischhoff, B., N. T. Brewer, and J. S. Downs. 2011. Communicating Risks and Benefits: An Evidence-Based User’s Guide. Silver Spring, MD: U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/ReportsManualsForms/Reports/ucm268078.htm.
Fouchier, R. A. M. 2014. Letter to the Editor: Studies on Influenza Virus Transmission between Ferrets; the Public Health Risks Revisited. MBio 6:1 02560-13; doi:10.1128/mBIO.02560-14.
Fraser, C. 2014. Modelling of Potential Pandemics. Presentation at the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 15. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mkS65OsYSzg.
Frieman, M., B. Yount, S. Agnihothram, C. Page, E. Donaldson, A. Roberts, L. Vogel, B. Woodruff, D. Scorpio, K. Subbarao and R. S. Baric. 2012. Molecular Determinants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Pathogenesis and Virulence in Young and Aged Mouse Models of Human Disease. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22072787.
Ge, X. et al. 2013. Isolation and Characterization of a Bat SARS-like Coronavirus That Uses the ACE2 Receptor. Available at: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v503/n7477/full/nature12711.html.
Groesch, M. 2014. Charge to the Academies. Presentation to the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 15. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6anWHbQXjjo&list=UUBeoZcQRZ800s3bP2yJrFEw&index=9.
Haas, C. 2014. Risk. Presentation to the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 16. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6anWHbQXjjo&list=UUBeoZcQRZ800s3bP2yJrFEw&index=9.
Haynes, A. B., et al. (2009) A surgical safety checklist to reduce morbidity and mortality in a global population. New England Journal of Medicine 360(5) 491-499.
Hebbeler, A. M. 2014. Current U.S. Government Policy on Gain-of-Function Research. Presentation to the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 15. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6anWHbQXjjo&list=UUBeoZcQRZ800s3bP2yJrFEw&index=9.
Henkel, R., D., T. Miller, and R. S. Weyant. 2012. Monitoring Select Agent Theft, Loss and Release Reports in the United States – 2004, 2010. Available at: http://www.absa.org/abj/abj/121704FAHenkel.pdf.
Holdren, J. P,. and L. Monaco. 2014. Enhancing Biosafety and Biosecurity in the United States. August 18. Available at: http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/enhancing_biosafety_and_biosecurity_19aug2014_final.pdf.
Huntley-Fenner, G. 2014. The Role of Human Factors. Presentation at the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 16. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6anWHbQXjjo&list=UUBeoZcQRZ800s3bP2yJrFEw&index=9.
Imai, M., T. Watanabe, M. Hatta, S. C. Das, M. Ozawa, K. Shinya, G. Zhong, A. Hanson, H. Katsura, S. Watanabe, C. Li, E. Kawakami, S. Yamada, M. Kiso, Y. Suzuki, E. Maher, G. Neumann and Y. Kawaoka. 2012. Experimental Adaptation of an Influenza H5 HA Confers Respiratory Droplet Transmission to a Reassortant H5 HA/H1N1 Virus in Ferrets. Available at: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v486/n7403/full/nature10831.html.
Johnson, B. 2014. Global Biosafety Considerations and Gain-of-Function Research. Presentation at the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 15. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6anWHbQXjjo&list=UUBeoZcQRZ800s3bP2yJrFEw&index=9.
Kawaoka, Y. 2014. Influenza GoF Research. Presentation at the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 15. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z5BJ5yBjShQ.
Koblentz, G. Assessing the Risk of Bioterrorism and Implications for Dual-Use Research. Presentation at the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 15. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6anWHbQXjjo&list=UUBeoZcQRZ800s3bP2yJrFEw&index=9.
Langlois, R., R., A. Albrecht, B. Kimble, T. Sutton, J. S. Shapiro, C. Finch, M. Angel, M. A. Chua, A. S. Gonzalez-Reiche, K. Xu, D. Perez, A. Garcia-Sastre, and B. R. tenOever. 2013. MicroRNA-Based Strategy to Mitigate the Risk of Gain-of-Function Influenza Studies. Nature Biotechnology. Available at: http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v31/n9/full/nbt.2666.html.
Linden, C. 2014. Presentation at the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 15. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6anWHbQXjjo&list=UUBeoZcQRZ800s3bP2yJrFEw&index=9.
Lipsitch, M. 2014. Presentation at the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 15. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6anWHbQXjjo&list=UUBeoZcQRZ800s3bP2yJrFEw&index=9.
Lipsitch, M., and A. P. Galvani. May 20, 2014. Ethical Alternatives to Experiments with Novel Potential Pandemic Pathogens. Available at: http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001646#s3.
Lipsitch, M., and T. V. Inglesby. 2014. Moratorium on Research Intended to Create Novel Potential Pandemic Pathogens. Available at: http://mbio.asm.org/content/5/6/e02366-14.full
Mertl, M. 2000. Deriving an Ethical Code for Scientists: An Interview with Joseph Rotblat. Science Careers. Available at: http://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/career_magazine/previous_issues/articles/2000_05_12/nodoi.13488436328346697892.
National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIH Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant or Synthetic Nucleic Acid Molecules. Available at: http://osp.od.nih.gov/office-biotechnology-activities/biosafety/nih-guidelines.
National Research Council (NRC). 1983. Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
NRC. 1994. Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
NRC. 1996. Understanding Risk: Informing Decisions in a Democratic Society. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
NRC. 2004. Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
NRC. 2008. Public Participation in Environmental Assessment and Decision Making. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
NRC. 2009. Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Assessment. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
NRC. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB). 2007. Proposed Framework for the Oversight of Dual Use Life Sciences Research. Available at: http://osp.od.nih.gov/sites/default/files/resources/Framework%20for%20transmittal%20duplex%209-10-07.pdf.
Palese, P., H. Zheng, O. G. Engelhardt, S. Pleschka, and A. Garcia-Sastre. 1996. Negative-Strand RNA Viruses: Genetic Engineering and Applications. Available at: http://www.pnas.org/content/93/21/11354.abstract.
Presidential/Congressional Commission on Risk Assessment and Risk Management. 1997. Framework for Environmental Health Risk Management. Available at: http://www.risk-world.com/Nreports/nr7me001.htm.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. August 20, 2013. Vol. 110, Supplement 3, pp. 14031-14109: 2012 Sackler Colloquium papers on The Science of Science Communication, Available at: www.pnas.org/content/110/Supplement_3.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. September 16, 2014. Vol. 111, Supplement 4. 2013 Sackler Colloquium papers on The Science of Science Communication II, Available at: http://www.pnas.org/content/111/Supplement_4.toc#ColloquiumPapersfreeonline.
Quinn S.C., Kumar S., Freimuth V.S., et al. 2011. Racial disparities in exposure, susceptibility, and access to health care in the U.S. H1N1 influenza pandemic. Am J Public Health 101(2):285-293.
Relman, D. 2014. What Are the Key Issues on Risks That Need to Be Addressed in the Assessments the NIH Will Undertake? Presentation to the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 15. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6anWHbQXjjo&list=UUBeoZcQRZ800s3bP2yJrFEw&index=9.
Roberts, A., D. Derning, C. D. Paddock, A. Cheng, B. Yount, L. Vogel, B. D. Herman, T. Sheahan, M. Heise, G. L. Genrich, S. R. Zaki, R. Baric, and K. Subbarao. 2007. A Mouse-Adapted SARS-Coronavirus Causes Disease and Mortality in BALB/c Mice. Available at: http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.0030005.
Russell, C. A., P. M. Kasson, R.O. Donis, S. Riley, J. Dunbar, A. Rambaut, J. Asher, S. Burke, C. T. Davis, R. J. Garten, S. Gnanakaran, S. I. Hay, S. Herfst, N. S. Lewis, J. O. Lloyd-Smith, C. A. Macken, S. Maurer-Stroh, E. Neuhaus, C. R. Parrish, K. M. Pepin, S. S. Shepard, D. L. Smith, D. L. Suarez, S. C. Trock, M. Widdowson, D. B. George, M. Lipsitch, and J. D. Bloom. 2014. Improving pandemic influenza risk assessment. eLife 2014;3:e03883. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.03883.
Russell, C., J. M. Fonville, A. E. X. Brown, D. F. Burke, D. L. Smith, S. L. James, S. Herfst, S. van Boheemen, M. Linster, E. J. Schrauwen, L. Katzelnick, A. Mosterin, T. Kuiken, E. Maher, G. Neumann, A. D. M. E. Osterhaus, Y. Kawaoka, R. A. M. Fouchier, and D. J. Smith. 2012. The Potential for Respiratory Droplet-Transmissible A/H5N1 Influenza Virus to Evolve in a Mammalian Host. Available at: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6088/1541.
Russell, C. 2014. Presentation to the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 15. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mkS65OsYSzg.
Schoch-Spana, M. 2007. Public archetypes in U.S. counter-bioterrorist policy. Pp. 364-375 in Understanding and Responding to Terrorism, H. Durmaz, B. Sevinc, A.S. Yayla, and S. Ekici, eds. Amsterdam: IOS Press.
Schoch-Spana, M. 2014. Ensuring Public Engagement. Presentation to the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 16. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6anWHbQXjjo&list=UUBeoZcQRZ800s3bP2yJrFEw&index=9.
Schultz-Cherry, S. 2014. Surveillance of Emerging Influenza Viruses. Presentation to the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 15. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mkS65OsYSzg.
Stevens, J., O. Blixt, T. M. Timpey, J. K. Taubenberger, J. C. Paulson, and I. A. Wilson. 2006. Structure and Receptor Specificity of the Hemagglutinin from an H5N1 Influenza Virus. Available at: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/312/5772/404.figures-only.
Stanley, S. L., Jr. 2014. NSABB’s Role in the Gain-of-Function Deliberative Process. Presentation to the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 15. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6anWHbQXjjo&list=UUBeoZcQRZ800s3bP2yJrFEw&index=9.
Subbarao, K. 2014. Scientific and Technical Aspects of Research on Influenza, SARS and MERS. Presentation to the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 15. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V8eMycauhhU.
Tumpey, T., T. R. Maines, N. Van Hoeven, L. Glaser, A. Solorzano, C. Pappas, N. J. Cox, D. E. Sawyne, P. Palese, J. M. Katz and A. Garcia-Sastre. 2007. A Two-Amino Acid Change in the Hemagglutinin of the 1918 Influenza Virus Abolishes Transmission. Available at: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/315/5812/655.
U. S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). 2012. A Framework for Guiding U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Funding Decisions About Research Proposals with the Potential for Generating Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Viruses That Are Transmissible Among Mammals by Respiratory Droplets. Available at: http://www.phe.gov/s3/dualuse/Documents/funding-hpai-h5n1.pdf.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2009. FDA’s Strategic Plan for Risk Communication. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AboutFDA/ReportsManualsForms/Reports/UCM183683.pdf.
U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). 2008. National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility Final Environmental Impact Statement, Appendix B: A Review of Biocontainment Lapses and Laboratory-Acquired Infections. Available at: http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/nbaf_feis_appendix_b.pdf.
U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO). 2009. High-Containment Laboratories: National Strategy for Oversight is Needed. Washington, DC. Available at: http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d09574.pdf.
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC). 1975. Reactor Safety Study: An Assessment of Accident Risks in U.S. Commercial Nuclear Power Plants. Washington, DC.
Vernon, H. M. 1921. Industrial Fatigue and Efficiency. London, UK: George Routledge & Sons.
Weyant, R. 2014. Occupational Exposures to Biological Select Agents and Toxins in the U.S. Presentation to the Symposium on Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, December 16. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6anWHbQXjjo&list=UUBeoZcQRZ800s3bP2yJrFEw&index=9.
White House, 2012. USG Policy for Oversight of Life Sciences Dual Use Research of Concern. March 29. Available at: http://www.phe.gov/s3/dualuse/Documents/us-policy-durc-032812.pdf.
White House, 2014a. U.S. Government Gain-of-Function Deliberative Process and Research Funding Pause on Selected Gain-of-Function Research Involving Influenza, MERS, and SARS Viruses. Available at: http://www.phe.gov/s3/dualuse/Documents/gain-of-function.pdf.
White House. 2014b. USG Policy for Institutional Oversight of Life Sciences Dual Use Research of Concern. September 24. Available at: http://www.phe.gov/s3/dualuse/Documents/durc-policy.pdf.
Zaraket, H., O. A. Bridges, S. Duan, T. Baranovich, S. Yoon, M. L. Reed, R. Salomon, R. J. Webby, R. G. Webster, and C. J. Russell. 2013. Increased Acid Stability of the Hemagglutinin Protein Enhances H5N1 Influenza Virus Growth in the Upper Respiratory Tract but is Insufficient for Transmission in Ferrets. Available at: http://jvi.asm.org/content/87/17/9911.short.
