Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children (2015)

Chapter: Appendix E: Initial Allowance, Initial Determination, Allowance Rate, and Recipient Data for 10 Major Mental Disorders

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Page 401 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Initial Allowance, Initial Determination, Allowance Rate, and Recipient Data for 10 Major Mental Disorders." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.

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Appendix E

Initial Allowance, Initial Determination, Allowance Rate, and Recipient Data for 10 Major Mental Disorders¹

_________________

¹ Data source is unpublished data set provided by the Social Security Administration (SSA).

Page 402 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Initial Allowance, Initial Determination, Allowance Rate, and Recipient Data for 10 Major Mental Disorders." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.

×

TABLE E-1 Number of Allowances for the Major Mental Disorders, for All Children Under 18, at the Initial Level, from 2004 to 2013


Year	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013

ADHD	28,739	28,023	25,959	24,630	26,303	27,668	30,106	29,871	27,772	24,181
ID	24,602	22,237	19,161	17,152	17,182	17,831	17,680	16,456	14,128	12,470
ASD	9,677	10,626	11,613	12,925	15,812	18,231	20,317	22,931	24,159	23,398
Mood disorders	9,760	9,835	9,084	8,907	9,199	9,869	10,588	10,339	9,331	8,400
LD	6,940	6,720	5,811	5,230	5,211	5,428	5,681	5,590	5,061	4,513
Organic	3,714	3,776	3,376	3,303	3,326	3,683	4,048	3,911	3,612	3,288
ODD	2,913	2,807	2,653	2,590	2,628	2,860	2,950	3,252	3,281	3,072
BIF	3,177	2,847	2,564	2,265	2,221	2,307	2,382	2,115	1,802	1,551
Anxiety	1,838	1,756	1,769	1,702	1,812	1,989	2,067	2,226	2,184	1,965
CD	2,041	1,927	1,717	1,761	1,753	1,873	1,959	1,880	1,802	1,469
Total yearly allowances	93,401	90,554	83,707	80,465	85,447	91,739	97,778	98,571	93,132	84,307

NOTE: ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ASD = autism spectrum disorder; BIF = borderline intellectual function; CD = conduct disorder; ID = intellectual disability; LD = learning disability; ODD = oppositional defiant disorder.

Page 403 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Initial Allowance, Initial Determination, Allowance Rate, and Recipient Data for 10 Major Mental Disorders." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.

×

TABLE E-2 Percentage of Allowances for the Major Mental Disorders, for All Children Under 18, at the Initial Level, from 2004 to 2013


Year	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	Average

ADHD	30.77%	30.95%	31.01%	30.61%	30.78%	30.16%	30.79%	30.30%	29.82%	28.68%	30.39%
ID	26.34%	24.56%	22.89%	21.32%	20.11%	19.44%	18.08%	16.69%	15.17%	14.79%	19.94%
ASD	10.36%	11.73%	13.87%	16.06%	18.51%	19.87%	20.78%	23.26%	25.94%	27.75%	18.81%
Mood	10.45%	10.86%	10.85%	11.07%	10.77%	10.76%	10.83%	10.49%	10.02%	9.96%	10.61%
LD	7.43%	7.42%	6.94%	6.50%	6.10%	5.92%	5.81%	5.67%	5.43%	5.35%	6.26%
Organic	3.98%	4.17%	4.03%	4.10%	3.89%	4.01%	4.14%	3.97%	3.88%	3.90%	4.01%
ODD	3.12%	3.10%	3.17%	3.22%	3.08%	3.12%	3.02%	3.30%	3.52%	3.64%	3.23%
BIF	3.40%	3.14%	3.06%	2.81%	2.60%	2.51%	2.44%	2.15%	1.93%	1.84%	2.59%
Anxiety	1.97%	1.94%	2.11%	2.12%	2.12%	2.17%	2.11%	2.26%	2.35%	2.33%	2.15%
CD	2.19%	2.13%	2.05%	2.19%	2.05%	2.04%	2.00%	1.91%	1.93%	1.74%	2.02%

NOTE: ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ASD = autism spectrum disorder; BIF = borderline intellectual function; CD = conduct disorder; ID = intellectual disability; LD = learning disability; ODD = oppositional defiant disorder.

Page 404 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Initial Allowance, Initial Determination, Allowance Rate, and Recipient Data for 10 Major Mental Disorders." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.

×

TABLE E-3 Number of Determinations for the Major Mental Disorders, for All Children Under 18, at the Initial Level, from 2004 to 2013


Year	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013

ADHD	88,913	90,884	87,765	88,233	92,869	99,484	113,437	124,215	121,225	107,751
LD	29,028	28,485	25,831	24,768	23,456	23,325	25,044	25,621	23,650	21,118
Mood	20,620	21,080	20,400	20,986	21,502	22,921	26,246	27,172	25,553	23,061
ID	27,037	24,390	21,002	18,740	18,562	18,993	18,913	17,797	15,355	13,613
ASD	10,486	11,517	12,685	14,344	17,478	20,357	23,201	26,739	28,789	28,192
BIF	13,405	12,205	10,667	9,779	8,705	8,442	8,752	7,925	7,186	6,292
ODD	7,573	7,415	6,918	7,024	7,183	7,328	8,016	9,074	9,366	9,056
CD	5,516	5,537	5,214	5,303	5,082	5,202	5,571	5,661	5,261	4,367
Anxiety	4,350	4,292	4,223	4,243	4,444	4,877	5,637	6,536	6,721	6,409
Organic	4,263	4,511	4,152	4,192	4,241	4,884	5,689	6,127	6,046	5,808

NOTE: ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ASD = autism spectrum disorder; BIF = borderline intellectual function; CD = conduct disorder; ID = intellectual disability; LD = learning disability; ODD = oppositional defiant disorder.

Page 405 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Initial Allowance, Initial Determination, Allowance Rate, and Recipient Data for 10 Major Mental Disorders." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.

×

TABLE E-4 Percentage of Determinations for the Major Mental Disorders, for All Children Under 18, at the Initial Level, from 2004 to 2013


Year	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013

ADHD	42.10%	43.21%	44.13%	44.65%	45.63%	46.10%	47.17%	48.36%	48.66%	47.75%
LD	13.74%	13.54%	12.99%	12.53%	11.53%	10.81%	10.41%	9.97%	9.49%	9.36%
Mood	9.76%	10.02%	10.26%	10.62%	10.56%	10.62%	10.91%	10.58%	10.26%	10.22%
ID	12.80%	11.60%	10.56%	9.48%	9.12%	8.80%	7.86%	6.93%	6.16%	6.03%
ASD	4.97%	5.48%	6.38%	7.26%	8.59%	9.43%	9.65%	10.41%	11.55%	12.49%
BIF	6.35%	5.80%	5.36%	4.95%	4.28%	3.91%	3.64%	3.09%	2.88%	2.79%
ODD	3.59%	3.53%	3.48%	3.55%	3.53%	3.40%	3.33%	3.53%	3.76%	4.01%
CD	2.61%	2.63%	2.62%	2.68%	2.50%	2.41%	2.32%	2.20%	2.11%	1.94%
Anxiety	2.06%	2.04%	2.12%	2.15%	2.18%	2.26%	2.34%	2.54%	2.70%	2.84%
Organic	2.02%	2.14%	2.09%	2.12%	2.08%	2.26%	2.37%	2.39%	2.43%	2.57%

NOTE: ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ASD = autism spectrum disorder; BIF = borderline intellectual function; CD = conduct disorder; ID = intellectual disability; LD = learning disability; ODD = oppositional defiant disorder.

Page 406 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Initial Allowance, Initial Determination, Allowance Rate, and Recipient Data for 10 Major Mental Disorders." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.

×

TABLE E-5 Allowance Rate for the Major Mental Disorders, for All Children Under 18, at the Initial Level, from 2004 to 2013


Year	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	10 year avg.

ID	90.99%	91.17%	91.23%	91.53%	92.57%	93.88%	93.48%	92.47%	92.01%	91.60%	92.09%
ASD	92.28%	92.26%	91.55%	90.11%	90.47%	89.56%	87.57%	85.76%	83.92%	83.00%	88.65%
Organic	87.12%	83.71%	81.31%	78.79%	78.42%	75.41%	71.15%	63.83%	59.74%	56.60%	73.61%
Mood	47.33%	46.66%	44.53%	42.44%	42.78%	43.06%	40.34%	38.05%	36.52%	36.40%	41.81%
Anxiety	42.25%	40.91%	41.89%	40.11%	40.77%	40.78%	36.67%	34.06%	32.50%	30.70%	38.06%
ODD	38.47%	37.86%	38.35%	36.87%	36.59%	39.03%	36.80%	35.84%	35.03%	33.90%	36.87%
CD	37.00%	34.80%	32.93%	33.21%	34.49%	36.01%	35.16%	33.21%	34.25%	33.60%	34.47%
ADHD	32.32%	30.83%	29.58%	27.91%	28.32%	27.81%	26.54%	24.05%	22.91%	22.40%	27.27%
BIF	23.70%	23.33%	24.04%	23.16%	25.51%	27.33%	27.22%	26.69%	25.08%	24.70%	25.07%
LD	23.91%	23.59%	22.50%	21.12%	22.22%	23.27%	22.68%	21.82%	21.40%	21.40%	22.39%
Average yearly allowance rate for 10 mental disorders	51.54%	50.51%	49.79%	48.53%	49.21%	49.61%	47.76%	45.58%	44.33%	43.43%

NOTE: ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ASD = autism spectrum disorder; BIF = borderline intellectual function; CD = conduct disorder; ID = intellectual disability; LD = learning disability; ODD = oppositional defiant disorder.

Page 407 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Initial Allowance, Initial Determination, Allowance Rate, and Recipient Data for 10 Major Mental Disorders." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.

×

TABLE E-6 Number of Recipients for the Major Mental Disorders, for All Children Under 18, from 2004 to 2013


Year	Organic	Mood	ASD	Anxiety	CD	ODD	ADHD	LD	ID	BIF	Total

2004	24,987	32,078	43,628	7,890	8,280	12,976	138,921	33,833	215,709	21,749	540,051
2005	25,333	35,184	50,078	8,351	8,907	14,158	155,847	37,118	204,755	22,671	562,402
2006	25,910	37,112	56,976	8,786	9,256	14,967	169,863	38,934	192,566	22,721	577,091
2007	26,146	38,280	64,883	9,080	9,577	15,501	180,665	39,597	178,042	22,176	583,947
2008	26,055	39,164	73,161	9,477	9,884	15,919	189,868	39,619	163,007	21,464	587,618
2009	26,530	40,444	83,801	9,908	10,202	16,570	199,866	39,868	151,887	21,039	600,115
2010	27,223	41,932	94,606	10,293	10,561	17,293	211,478	40,278	141,618	20,490	615,772
2011	27,775	42,936	106,910	10,807	10,889	18,281	220,708	40,533	132,906	19,857	631,602
2012	28,406	43,508	121,699	11,342	11,203	19,588	225,035	40,924	126,520	19,330	647,555
2013	28,793	42,826	134,310	11,613	11,077	20,259	226,363	40,461	120,248	18,420	654,370

NOTE: ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ASD = autism spectrum disorder; BIF = borderline intellectual function; CD = conduct disorder; ID = intellectual disability; LD = learning disability; ODD = oppositional defiant disorder.

Page 408 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Initial Allowance, Initial Determination, Allowance Rate, and Recipient Data for 10 Major Mental Disorders." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.

×

TABLE E-7 Percentage of Recipients for the Major Mental Disorders, for All Children Under 18, from 2004 to 2013


Year	Organic	Mood	ASD	Anxiety	CD	ODD	ADHD	LD	ID	BIF

2004	4.63%	5.94%	8.08%	1.46%	1.53%	2.40%	25.72%	6.26%	39.94%	4.03%
2005	4.50%	6.26%	8.90%	1.48%	1.58%	2.52%	27.71%	6.60%	36.41%	4.03%
2006	4.49%	6.43%	9.87%	1.52%	1.60%	2.59%	29.43%	6.75%	33.37%	3.94%
2007	4.48%	6.56%	11.11%	1.55%	1.64%	2.65%	30.94%	6.78%	30.49%	3.80%
2008	4.43%	6.66%	12.45%	1.61%	1.68%	2.71%	32.31%	6.74%	27.74%	3.65%
2009	4.42%	6.74%	13.96%	1.65%	1.70%	2.76%	33.30%	6.64%	25.31%	3.51%
2010	4.42%	6.81%	15.36%	1.67%	1.72%	2.81%	34.34%	6.54%	23.00%	3.33%
2011	4.40%	6.80%	16.93%	1.71%	1.72%	2.89%	34.94%	6.42%	21.04%	3.14%
2012	4.39%	6.72%	18.79%	1.75%	1.73%	3.02%	34.75%	6.32%	19.54%	2.99%
2013	4.40%	6.54%	20.53%	1.77%	1.69%	3.10%	34.59%	6.18%	18.38%	2.81%

NOTE: ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ASD = autism spectrum disorder; BIF = borderline intellectual function; CD = conduct disorder; ID = intellectual disability; LD = learning disability; ODD = oppositional defiant disorder.

Page 401 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Initial Allowance, Initial Determination, Allowance Rate, and Recipient Data for 10 Major Mental Disorders." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.

×

Page 402 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Initial Allowance, Initial Determination, Allowance Rate, and Recipient Data for 10 Major Mental Disorders." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.

×

Page 403 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Initial Allowance, Initial Determination, Allowance Rate, and Recipient Data for 10 Major Mental Disorders." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.

×

Page 404 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Initial Allowance, Initial Determination, Allowance Rate, and Recipient Data for 10 Major Mental Disorders." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.

×

Page 405 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Initial Allowance, Initial Determination, Allowance Rate, and Recipient Data for 10 Major Mental Disorders." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.

×

Page 406 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Initial Allowance, Initial Determination, Allowance Rate, and Recipient Data for 10 Major Mental Disorders." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.

×

Page 407 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Initial Allowance, Initial Determination, Allowance Rate, and Recipient Data for 10 Major Mental Disorders." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.

×

Page 408 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Initial Allowance, Initial Determination, Allowance Rate, and Recipient Data for 10 Major Mental Disorders." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21780.

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Children living in poverty are more likely to have mental health problems, and their conditions are more likely to be severe. Of the approximately 1.3 million children who were recipients of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) disability benefits in 2013, about 50% were disabled primarily due to a mental disorder. An increase in the number of children who are recipients of SSI benefits due to mental disorders has been observed through several decades of the program beginning in 1985 and continuing through 2010. Nevertheless, less than 1% of children in the United States are recipients of SSI disability benefits for a mental disorder.

At the request of the Social Security Administration, Mental Disorders and Disability Among Low-Income Children compares national trends in the number of children with mental disorders with the trends in the number of children receiving benefits from the SSI program, and describes the possible factors that may contribute to any differences between the two groups. This report provides an overview of the current status of the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, and the levels of impairment in the U.S. population under age 18. The report focuses on 6 mental disorders, chosen due to their prevalence and the severity of disability attributed to those disorders within the SSI disability program: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, learning disabilities, and mood disorders. While this report is not a comprehensive discussion of these disorders, Mental Disorders and Disability Among Low-Income Children provides the best currently available information regarding demographics, diagnosis, treatment, and expectations for the disorder time course - both the natural course and under treatment.

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