Appendix A
Acronyms and Abbreviations
| αTOC |
α-tocopherol |
| µg |
microgram or micrograms |
| AAP |
American Academy of Pediatrics |
| ACC |
American College of Cardiology |
| ADA |
American Diabetes Association |
| AHA |
American Heart Association |
| AHRQ |
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality |
| AI |
Adequate Intake |
| AMDR |
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range |
| AND |
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics |
| ARA |
arachidonic acid |
| ARS |
Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture |
| BF |
breastfeeding |
| BLS |
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
| BMI |
body mass index |
| c |
cup or cups |
| CACFP |
Child and Adult Care Food Program |
| CDC |
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| C.F.R. |
Code of Federal Regulations |
| CNPP |
Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, U.S. Department of Agriculture |
| CPI |
Consumer Price Index |
| CPS |
Current Population Survey |
| CVD |
cardiovascular disease |
| CVV |
cash value voucher |
| d |
day or days |
| DASH |
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension |
| DFE |
dietary folate equivalent |
| DGA |
Dietary Guidelines for Americans |
| DGAC |
Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee |
| DGV |
dark green vegetables |
| DHA |
docosahexaenoic acid |
| DRI |
Dietary Reference Intake |
| EAR |
Estimated Average Requirement |
| EBT |
electronic benefit transfer |
| ECLS-B |
Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort |
| EER |
Estimated Energy Requirement |
| eq |
equivalent |
| ERS |
Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture |
| F&V |
fruits and vegetables |
| FDA |
U.S. Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |
| FF |
formula fed |
| FITS |
Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study |
| FLSA |
Fair Labor Standards Act |
| FNS |
Food and Nutrition Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture |
| FoodAPS |
National Household Food Acquisition and Purchasing Survey |
| FPED |
Food Patterns Equivalent Database |
| g |
gram or grams |
| GAO |
U.S. Government Accountability Office |
| GDM |
gestational diabetes mellitus |
| GI |
glycemic index |
| GRAS |
generally recognized as safe |
| HBW |
high birth weight |
| HEI |
Healthy Eating Index |
| HHS |
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |
| IFPS II |
Infant Feeding Practices Study II |
| IOM |
Institute of Medicine |
| IRI |
Information Resources Incorporated |
| ISU |
Iowa State University |
| ITO |
Indian Tribal Organization |
| IU |
international unit |
| kcal |
kilocalorie or kilocalories |
| kg |
kilogram or kilograms |
| LBW |
low birth weight |
| LGA |
large for gestational age |
| mg |
milligram or milligrams |
| MIS |
management information system |
| MMA |
maximum monthly allowance |
| N |
sample size |
| NASS |
National Agricultural Statistical Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture |
| NBDQ |
Nutrient-Based Diet Quality |
| NCGS |
non-celiac gluten sensitivity |
| NHANES |
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
| NHIS |
National Health Interview Survey |
| NIS |
National Immunization Survey |
| NPNL |
nonpregnant, nonlactating |
| NSLP |
National School Lunch Program |
| NSWP |
National Survey of WIC Participants |
| NTD |
neural tube defect |
| nutr |
nutrients |
| oz |
ounce or ounces |
| P |
pregnant |
| PC |
peer counselor |
| PC-SIDE |
PC Software for Intake Distribution Estimation |
| PedNSS |
Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System |
| PIH |
pregnancy-induced hypertension |
| PIM |
perceived insufficient milk |
| PIR |
percent income-to-poverty ratio |
| PNSS |
Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System |
| PP |
postpartum |
| PRAMS |
Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System |
| RAE |
retinol activity equivalents |
| RDA |
Recommended Dietary Allowance |
| Red-Or |
red and orange vegetables |
| RIA |
Regulatory Impact Analysis |
| SE |
standard error |
| SGA |
small for gestational age |
| SNAP |
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program |
| SPADE |
Statistical Program for Age-adjusted Dietary Assessment |
| T2D |
type 2 diabetes |
| TANF |
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families |
| tsp |
teaspoon or teaspoons |
| UL |
Tolerable Upper Intake Level |
| USDA |
U.S. Department of Agriculture |
| WHO |
World Health Organization |
| WIC |
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children |
| wk |
week or weeks |
| WP |
white potatoes |
| WWEIA |
What We Eat in America (NHANES) |
