TABLE O-1 FNS Reported Prevalence of Inadequacy of Vitamins and Minerals for Children Ages 1 to 4 Years, NHANES 2005–2008, % Inadequacy
| Nutrient | % Inadequacy | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EAR (Ages 1–3/Age 4) (per Day) | All Children (N = 1,956) | WIC Participants (N = 791) | Income-Eligible Nonparticipants (N = 496) | Higher-Income Nonparticipants (N = 606) | |
| Calcium | 500/800 mg | 14.7 | 13.4 | 15.6 | 13.7 |
| Iron | 3.0/4.1 mg | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
| Magnesium | 65/110 mg | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.8 |
| Phosphorus | 380/405 mg | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| Zinc | 2.5/4.0 mg | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| Vitamin A | 210/275 μg RAE | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.1 |
| Vitamin E | 5/6 mg αTOC | 82.9 | 78.5 | 81.9 | 89.8 |
| Vitamin C | 13/22 mg | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| Thiamin | 0.4/0.5 mg | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| Riboflavin | 0.4/0.5 mg | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Niacin | 5/6 mg | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.4 |
| Vitamin B6 | 0.4/0.5 mg | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
| Folate | 120/160 μg DFE | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.1 |
| Vitamin B12 | 0.7/1.0 mg | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
NOTES: αTOC = α-tocopherol; DFE = dietary folate equivalents; EAR = Estimated Average Requirement; FNS = Food and Nutrition Service; N = sample size; RAE = retinol activity equivalents; % Inadequacy = percentage of individuals with usual intake below the EAR. Usual intake was estimated using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method.
SOURCE: Adapted from USDA/FNS, 2015.
TABLE O-2 FNS Reported Usual Intakes of Macronutrients for Children Ages 1 to 4 Years, NHANES 2005–2008
| Nutrient | Recommended Intake (Ages 1–3/Age 4) | All Children (N = 1,956) | WIC Participants (N = 791) | Income-Eligible Nonparticipants (N = 496) | Higher-Income Nonparticipants (N = 606) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protein (% of kcal) | |||||
| % below AMDR | < 5/10% of kcal | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.7 |
| % above AMDR | > 20/30% of kcal | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 2.1 |
| Carbohydrate (% of kcal), total | |||||
| % below AMDR | < 45% of kcal | 3.3 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 3.3 |
| % above AMDR | > 65% of kcal | 2.3 | 3.8 | 1.8 | 2.4 |
| Fat (% of kcal), total | |||||
| % below AMDR | < 30/25% of kcal | 23.3 | 26.5 | 21.1 | 22.3 |
| % above AMDR | > 40/35% of kcal | 6.9 | 9.8 | 9.4 | 4.1 |
| Fat, saturated (% of kcal) | |||||
| Median | < 10% of kcal | 17.1 | 19.2 | 10.6 | NR |
| Fiber (g/d) | |||||
| % of AI | 19/25 g/d | 48.0 | 48.0 | 48.0 | 48.0 |
NOTES: AI = adequate intake; AMDR = Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range; FNS = Food and Nutrition Service; kcal = kilocalories; NR = not reliable. Usual intake was estimated using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method.
SOURCE: Adapted from USDA/FNS, 2015. Intake data from NHANES 2005–2008.
REFERENCE
USDA/FNS (U.S. Department of Agriculture/Food and Nutrition Service). 2015. Diet quality of American young children by WIC participation status: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2008. Alexandria, VA: USDA/FNS. http://www.fns.usda.gov/sites/default/files/ops/NHANES-WIC05-08.pdf (accessed September 8, 2015).
