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Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security: A Guide to Developing Standard Operating Procedures (2016)

Chapter: Appendix D: Flammable List

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Flammable List." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security: A Guide to Developing Standard Operating Procedures. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21918.
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D
FLAMMABLE LIST

Properties of Some Common Organic Solvents
Solvent Formula Molecular Weight Boiling Point (°C) Melting Point (°C) Density (g/mL) Solubility in Water (g/100g) Flash Point (oC)
acetic acid C2H4O2 60.052 118 16.6 1.049 Miscible 39
acetone C3H6O 58.079 56.2 –94.3 0.786 Miscible –20
acetonitrile C2H3N 41.052 81.6 –46 0.786 Miscible 6
benzene C6H6 78.11 80.1 5.5 0.879 0.18 –11
1-butanol C4H10O 74.12 117.6 –89.5 0.81 7.7 37
2-butanol C4H10O 74.12 99.5 –114.7 0.808 18.1 24
2-butanone C4H8O 72.11 79.6 –86.3 0.805 25.6 –9
t-butyl alcohol C4H10O 74.12 82.2 25.5 0.786 Miscible 11
carbon tetrachloride CCl4 153.82 76.7 –22.4 1.594 0.08 —
chlorobenzene C6H5Cl 112.56 132 –45.6 1.106 0.05 28
chloroform CHCl3 119.38 61.2 –63.5 1.498 0.8 —
cyclohexane C6H12 84.16 80.7 6.6 0.779 <0.1 –20
1,2-dichloroethane C2H4Cl2 98.96 83.5 –35.4 1.235 0.87 13
diethyl ether C4H10O 74.12 34.5 –116.2 0.713 7.5 –45
diethylene glycol C4H10O3 106.12 245 –10 1.118 Miscible 124
diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether) C6H14O3 134.17 162 –64 0.945 Miscible 67
1,2-dimethoxy- ethane (glyme, DME) C4H10O2 90.12 85 –58 0.868 Miscible –2
dimethyl-formamide (DMF) C3H7NO 73.09 153 –61 0.9445 Miscible 58
dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) C2H6OS 78.13 189 18.4 1.092 Miscible 95
1,4-dioxane C4H8O2 88.11 101.1 11.8 1.033 Miscible 12
ethanol C2H6O 46.07 78.5 –114.1 0.789 Miscible 13
Page 98 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Flammable List." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security: A Guide to Developing Standard Operating Procedures. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21918.
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Solvent Formula Molecular Weight Boiling Point (°C) Melting Point (°C) Density (g/mL) Solubility in Water (g/100g) Flash Point (oC)
ethyl acetate C4H8O2 88.11 77 –83.6 0.894 8.7 –4
ethylene glycol C2H6O2 62.07 197 –13 1.115 Miscible 111
glycerin C3H8O3 92.09 290 17.8 1.261 Miscible 160
heptane C7H16 100.2 98 –90.6 0.684 0.0003 –4
hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) C6H18N3OP 179.2 232.5 7.2 1.03 Miscible 105
hexamethylphosphorous triamide (HMPT) C6H18N3P 163.2 150 –44 0.898 Miscible 26
hexane C6H14 86.18 69 –95 0.655 0.0014 –22
methanol CH4O 32.04 64.6 –98 0.791 Miscible 12
methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) C5H12O 88.15 55.2 –109 0.741 4.8 –28
methylene chloride CH2Cl2 84.93 39.8 –96.7 1.326 1.32 1.6
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) CH5H9NO 99.13 202 –24 1.033 10 91
nitromethane CH3NO2 61.04 101.2 –29 1.382 9.5 35
pentane C5H12 72.15 36.1 –129.7 0.626 0.004 –49
petroleum ether (ligroine) — — 30-60 –40 0.656 — –30
1-propanol C3H8O 88.15 97 –126 0.803 Miscible 15
2-propanol C3H8O 88.15 82.4 –88.5 0.785 Miscible 12
pyridine C5H5N 79.1 115.2 –42 0.982 Miscible 17
tetrahydrofuran (THF) C4H8O 72.106 66 –108.4 0.886 30 –14
toluene C7H8 92.14 110.6 –93 0.867 0.05 4
triethyl amine C6H15N 101.19 88.9 –114.7 0.728 0.02 –11
o-xylene C8H10 106.17 144 –25.2 0.897 Insoluble 32
m-xylene C8H10 106.17 139.1 –47.8 0.868 Insoluble 27
p-xylene C8H10 106.17 138.3 13.3 0.861 0.02 27

SOURCE: Dr. Steven Murov, Professor Emeritus of Chemistry, Modesto Junior College.

Page 97 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Flammable List." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security: A Guide to Developing Standard Operating Procedures. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21918.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Flammable List." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security: A Guide to Developing Standard Operating Procedures. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21918.
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The U.S. Department of State charged the Academies with the task of producing a protocol for development of standard operating procedures (SOPs) that would serve as a complement to the Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security: A Guide to Prudent Chemical Management and be included with the other materials in the 2010 toolkit. To accomplish this task, a committee with experience and knowledge in good chemical safety and security practices in academic and industrial laboratories with awareness of international standards and regulations was formed. The hope is that this toolkit expansion product will enhance the use of the previous reference book and the accompanying toolkit, especially in developing countries where safety resources are scarce and experience of operators and end-users may be limited.

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