Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
28 Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., 2009. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Highway Sta- tistics, FHWA, Washington, D.C., last updated Nov. 7, 2014 [Online]. Available: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ policyinformation/statistics.cfm [accessed Oct. 2015]. Figueroa, C., B. Fotsch, S. Hubbard, and J. Haddock, Assess- ment Procedures for Paved and Gravel Roads, Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program, West Lafayette, 2013 [Online]. Available: http://rebar.ecn.purdue.edu/ltap1/ multipleupload/Pavement/Assessment%20Procedures %20for%20Paved%20and%20Gravel%20Roads.pdf. Floyd, I., âPlan to Convert Roads to Gravel Begins Despite Pushback,â The Texas Tribune, Aug. 19, 2013. Gillie, T., âVernon Residents Getting Used to Faust Roadâs Gravel,â Tooele Transcript Bulletin, July 17, 2014. Greninger, H., âBudget Squeeze Has Some Wabash Valley Counties Returning to Gravel Roads,â Indiana Economic Digest, Mar. 11, 2012. Guimarra, G., Unsealed Roads Manual: Guidelines to Good Practices, 3rd ed., Australian Road Research Board, Vermont South, Victoria, Australia, 2009 (http://trid.trb. org/view.aspx?id=1162958). Humphries, C., Examination of Potential Cost Benefits for Converting Surface Roads to Unsurfaced Roads in Texas, Thesis, Department of Engineering, Texas State UniversityâSan Marcos, 2012. Idaho Department of Transportation, Teton County, Idaho Road Surface Map, Feb. 8, 2012 [Online]. Available: http://www.itd.idaho.gov/planning/gis/maps/LocalRoads/ SurfaceType/TetonCounty1OF1.pdf [accessed Mar. 12, 2015]. The Indy Channel, Cash-Short Indiana Counties Go Back to Gravel Roads, Mar. 2, 2012, P. Lahorton, Ed., Mar. 2, 2012 [Online]. Available: http://www.theindychannel. com/news/cash-short-indiana-counties-go-back-to-gravel- roads [accessed Feb. 2, 2015]. Iowa Local Technical Assistance Program, âDe-paving: A Potential Option for Some of Iowaâs Low-volume Roads,â Technology News, Jan.âMar., 2012. Jahren, C.T., D. Smith, J. Thorius, M. Rukashaza-Mukome, D. White, and G. Johnson, Economics of Upgrading an Aggregate Road, Minnesota Department of Transporta- tion, St. Paul, 2005. Johnson, D., âRoad Conditions, Snowplowing and Construc- tion,â Teton Valley News, Mar. 5, 2015. Jones, D., P. Paige-Green, and E. Sadzick, âDevelopment of Guidelines for Unsealed Road Assessment,â Transpor- tation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1819, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Guidelines for Geometric Design of Very Low-Volume Local Roads, AASHTO, Washing- ton, D.C., 2001. Anderson, J.A. and A.L. Gesford, Environmentally Sensitive Maintenance for Dirt and Gravel Roads, Penn State Uni- versity, Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, Pennsyl- vania Department of Transportation, Harrisburg, 2007. Anderson, M., âWeighing the Options: âBack to Gravelâ Doesnât Have to Be the Only Choice for a Failing Road . . . Even if Funds Are Scarce,â Highway Contractor, April 1, 2011. Arndt, M., âIn North Dakota, a Rebirth of Gravel Roads,â Bloomberg Businessweek, April 29, 2010. Associated Press, âRoad Conditions Hurt Stateâs Agribusi- ness,â Lodi News Sentinel, L.J. Beymer, Ed., Oct. 17, 1980, p. 21. Batheja, A., âCash for Road Repair in Shale Areas,â The Texas Tribune, April 26, 2013. Batheja, A., âTxDOT Ends Program That Converts Paved Roads to Gravel,â The Texas Tribune, Oct. 24, 2014. Brown, M., âSonoma County Test Turns Roads into Dirt,â The Press Democrat, Aug. 31, 2010. Brown, M., âHow Are Our Dirt Roads Holding Up?â The Press Democrat, Feb. 22, 2011. Cameron, A., County Roads in Oklahoma Reverting Back to the âStone Age,â NewsOn6, KOTV, Tulsa, Okla., 2010. Canfield, C., âRoll Up the Pavement: Gravel Is Making a Comeback,â Associated Press, Dec. 17, 2009. Center for Dirt and Gravel Road Studies (http://www.dirt andgravel.psu.edu/). Christensen, L., âVernon Locals Decry Road to Gravel Change,â Tooele Transcript Bulletin, June 18, 2013. City of Cottage Grove, Cottage Grove Friday Update, Oct. 25, 2013 [Online. Available: http://www.cottagegrove.org/ oldupdates/oct2013.html [accessed Mar. 10, 2015]. Clemmons, G.H. and V. Saager, âFinancing Low-Volume Road Improvements,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2203, Transportation Research Board of the National Acad- emies, Washington, D.C., 2011, pp. 143â150. Cooper, M., âAcross Oregon, Counties Confront Realities of Life Without Federal Aid,â The Register-Guard, Mar. 11, 2008. Dunn County Board of County Commissioners, Official ProceedingsâJuly 6, 2011, Dunn County Board of County Commissioners, Manning, N.Dak., 2011. Etter, L., âRoads to Ruin: Towns Rip Up the Pavement, Asphalt Is Replaced by Cheaper Gravel; âBack to the Stone Age,ââ The Wall Street Journal, July 17, 2010. Farkas, K., âSome Ohio Roads, and Those in Other States, Reverting to Gravel Because Repairs Are Too Costly,â Cleveland.com, Aug. 5, 2010. REFERENCES
29 2003, pp. 287â296 [Online]. Available: http://trrjournal online.trb.org/doi/abs/10.3141/1819a-42. Kansas LTAP, To Pave or Not to Pave (video) [Online]. Available: http://www.mnltap.umn.edu/Videos/ToPave OrNot/ToPaveOrNot.swf [Kansas LTAP, To Pave or Not to Pave, Lawrence, 2006. KCRG Channel 9, More Roads Going Back to Gravel to Save Money, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 2010. Keller, A., âBack to the Stone Age: Emmet County Will Change Paved Road to Gravel,â Up North Live, Aug. 16, 2010. Keller, G. and J. Sherar, Low-Volume Roads Engineering: Best Management Practices Field Guide, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C., 2003. Kentucky Transportation Center, Appendix D: When to Pave a Gravel Road, Kentucky Transportation Center, Uni- versity of Kentucky, Lexington (http://water.epa.gov/ polwaste/nps/upload/2003_07_24_NPS_gravelroads_ appd.pdf) [n.d.]. Kuennen, T., âAt a Crossroads, the Fate of Our Secondary Roads May Be in the Balance,â Better RoadsâRoad Science, Mar. 1, 2010. Landers, K., âRoads to Rubble; De-Paving a Half-Century of Progress,â Hot Mix Asphalt Technology, May/June 2011, pp. 36â39. Larson, E., âRoad Project Wins County a State Award,â Lake County News, Mar. 29, 2010. Legislative Assembly of SaskatchewanâTwenty-fifth Legis- lature, Hansard Verbatim Report, Vol. 47, Standing Com- mittee on Intergovernmental Affairs and Infrastructure, 2007, pp. 14â19. Local Road Research Board (LRRB), Gravel Road Manage- ment Tools, Minnesota Department of Transportation, St. Paul, 2014 [Online]. Available: http://www.dot.state. mn.us/research/TRS/2014/TRS1407.pdf. Louwagie, P., âMaking a Rural Comeback: The Old Gravel Road,â Star Tribune, Mar. 26, 2011. Maher, M., C. Marshall, F. Harrison, and K. Baumgaertner, Context Sensitive Roadway Surfacing Selection Guide, 2005 [Online]. Available: http://flh.fhwa.dot.gov/ innovation/td/pavement/context-roadway-surfacing/ documents/context-sensitive-roadways.pdf. Martin, T., âRural Michigan Counties Turn Failing Roads to Gravel,â Associated Press, June 12, 2009. McCarthy, L.A., S. Park, S. Casazza, and A.R. Giancola, Impacts of Energy Developments on U.S. Roads and Bridges, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2015, 207 pp. Midland Daily News, âDust Hazard: Shaffer Road, Pulver- ized for Economic Reasons, Has Some Residents Con- cerned,â July 11, 2011. Minnesota County Engineers Association (MCEA) Members Forum, Forum Back Up, Oct. 6, 2011 [Online]. Avail- able: http://mncountyengineers.org/Downloads/Forum_ backup.pdf [accessed Feb. 23, 2015]. Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT). Deci- sion Tree for Unpaving Roads, Office of Policy Analysis, Research, and Innovation, MnDOT, St. Paul, 2010. Minnesota Local Road Research Board (LRRB) [Online]. Available: http://www.lrrb.org/. Minnesota Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) [Online]. Available: http://www.mnltap.umn.edu/topics/ lowvolume/. Minnesota Local Technical Assistance Program, Technology Exchange, University of Minnesota, Center for Trans- portation Studies, Minneapolis, 2012. Monlux, S., âStabilizing Unpaved Roads with Calcium Chlo- ride,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1819, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2003, pp. 52â56. Montpelier City Council, City Council MeetingâStated Meet- ing and Public Hearing: September 9, 2009, Montpelier, Vt., 2009. Montpelier City Council, City Council MeetingâState Meeting and Public Hearing: October 13, 2010, Montpelier, Vt., 2010. Mosolf, L., âHighway Wonât Be Less Well-Traveled with Gravel,â Letter to the editor, The Jamestown Sun, Mar. 9, 2010. Murphy, E., âIowa Leaders Discussing Gas Tax Increase,â Quad-City Times, Jan. 8, 2015. Murphy, R., Regulatory Requirement for Reverting a Road Back to a Gravel Surface, Glenn County Planning & Public Works, Willows, Calif., 2010. Mustonen, J., J. Lintilä, and T. Mäkiö, T., âTurning Deterio- rated Paved Roads Back into Gravel Roads: Sheer Lunacy or Sustainable Maintenance Policy,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1819, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2003, pp. 96â103. North Dakota State University, Upper Great Plains Trans- portation Institute (NDSU/UGPTI) [Online]. Available: http://www.ugpti.org/. Ogden, E., âHeavy Oil-Field Traffic Impacts County Roads,â Minot Daily News, Aug. 28, 2008. Paige-Green, P., Unsealed Roads: Design, Construction and Maintenance, #20. Department of Transport, Technical Recommendations for Highways, Pretoria, South Africa, 2009. Rajala, L., âTight Times Put Gravel on the Road,â USA Today, Feb. 4, 2010. Reid, D., âEnd-of-Season Roadwork Underway,â The Daily Reporter, Oct. 17, 2014. Ryder, B., âConstruction Underway on 9500 South,â Teton Valley News, April 12, 2012. Sacramento Area Council of Governments, Rural-Urban Con- nections Strategy: Transportation, Sacramento, Calif., 2008. Shearer, D.R. and B.E. Scheetz, âImprovements to Linn Run Road: Case Study on Turn-Back of Asphalt-Paved Road Surface to Maintainable Gravel Road Surface,â Trans- portation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation
30 Research Board, No. 2204, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2011, pp. 215â220. Shuler, S., Recommended Criteria in the Decision Process for Paving Unsurfaced Roadways, Rocky Mountain Asphalt Paving Conference and Equipment Show, Fort Collins, Colo., 2009. Skok, E.L., D.H. Timm, M.L. Brown, T.R. Clyne, and E. Johnson, Best Practices for the Design and Construction of Low Volume Roads Revised, Minnesota Department of Transportation, St. Paul, 2003 [Online]. Available: http://www.lrrb.org/media/reports/200217REV.pdf. Skorseth, K. and A.A. Selim, Gravel Roads: Maintenance and Design Manual, Local Transportation Assistance Pro- gram, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Brookings, S.Dak., 2000. Skorseth, K., R. Reid, and K. Hieberger, Gravel Roads: Con- struction and Maintenance Guide, FHWA Publication No. FHWA-OTS-15-0002, 2015. South Dakota Local Transportation Assistance Program (LTAP) [Online]. Available: http://www.sdstate.edu/ engr/ltap/. Taylor, C., âCounties Turn Some Paved Roads Back to Gravel,â County News, Vol. 42, No. 23, Dec. 13, 2010. Tillamook Headlight Herald, âRoad News Gets Worse,â Dec. 7, 2010. Transportation Engineering and Road Research Alliance (TERRA) [Online]. Available: http://www.terraroad alliance.org/. TRB Low-Volume Roads (LVR) Committee and Conferences [Online]. Available: http://www.trb.org/AFB30/AFB30. aspx. Unpaved Roads Institute (URi) [Online]. Available: http:// unpavedroadsinstitute.org. Walker, D., L. Entine, and S. Kummer, The Pavement Sur- face Evaluation and Rating (PASER) Manual for Asphalt Roads, Transportation Information Center, University of WisconsinâMadison, 2013. Warrick, C., âShaffer Road Dust a Concern for Residents: Board Votes 3â2 Against Making Project Highest Prior- ity,â Midland Daily News, Sept. 6, 2013. Woolsey, R., âSitka Heads âBack to the Future,ââ KCAW Com- munity Broadcasting, Dec. 29, 2014 [Online]. Available: http://www.kcaw.org/2014/12/29/sitka-heads-back-to- the-future-on-gravel-roads/ [accessed Mar. 4, 2015]. Zimmerman, K.A. and A.S. Wolters, Local Road Surfacing Criteria, South Dakota Department of Transportation, Pierre, 2004.