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TCRP COMMITTEE FOR PROJECT J-7 CHAIR FRANK T. MARTIN Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority MEMBERS DEBRA W. ALEXANDER Capital Area Transportation Authority GERALD L. BLAIR Indiana County Transit Authority DWIGHT FERRELL Consultant L.G. FULLER Transpo Enterprises, Inc. HENRY HIDE Halliburton/Brown & Root ROBERT H. IRWIN British Columbia Transit PAUL J. LARROUSE National Transit Institute WADE LAWSON South Jersey Transportation Authority DAVID A. LEE Connecticut Transit FTA LIAISON JOEL R. WASHINGTON Federal Transit Administration TRB LIAISON PETER SHAW Transportation Research Board COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAMS STAFF ROBERT J. REILLY, Director, Cooperative Research Programs CHRISTOPHER W. JENKS, Manager, TCRP & CTBSSP TCRP SYNTHESIS STAFF STEPHEN R. GODWIN, Director for Studies and Information Services JON WILLIAMS, Manager, Synthesis Studies DONNA L. VLASAK, Senior Program Officer DON TIPPMAN, Editor CHERYL Y. KEITH, Senior Secretary ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Dr. Brendon Hemily, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Uwe Rutenberg, President, Rutenberg Design, Inc., Stittsville, Ontario, Canada, were responsible for collection of the data and preparation of the report. Valuable assistance in the preparation of this synthesis was pro- vided by the Topic Panel, consisting Joseph A. Calabrese, Chief Ex- ecutive Officer, Greater Cleveland Regional Transportation Author- ity; Dennis Cannon, Trans/Accessibility Specialist, U.S. Access Board; Kimberly Fisher, Senior Program Officer, Transportation Re- search Board; Katherine Hunter-Zaworski, Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering Department, Oregon State University; Allan Little, Transolutions Consulting, Victoria, British Columbia; Jerry L. Trotter, Senior Project Manager, Bus Programs, American Public Transportation Association; Terrance Turner, ADAPT, Denver; Richard Wong, AttorneyâAdvisor, Office of the Chief Council, Fed- eral Transit Administration; and Park Woodworth, Manager, Para- transit/Rideshare Operations, King County Metro Transit. This study was managed by Donna L. Vlasak, Senior Program Offi- cer, who worked with the consultant, the Topic Panel, and the J-7 project committee in the development and review of the report. Assistance in pro- ject scope development was provided by Stephen F. Maher, P.E., and Jon Williams, Managers, Synthesis Studies and Amelia Mathis. Don Tippman was responsible for editing and production. Cheryl Keith assisted in meeting logistics and distribution of the questionnaire and draft reports. Christopher W. Jenks, Manager, Transit Cooperative Research Program, assisted TCRP staff in project review. Information on current practice was provided by many transit agencies. Their cooperation and assistance was most helpful.