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TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................ iv LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................vi LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................................................................................... vii CHAPTER 1: Introduction and Research Approach.................................................................1 1.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................1 1.1.1 Problem Statement .......................................................................................2 1.1.2 Research Objectives.....................................................................................2 1.2 Scope of Study ...............................................................................................................2 1.3 Proficiency Samples Used in Study...............................................................................3 CHAPTER 2: Analysis Technique ...............................................................................................4 2.1 Technique Overview......................................................................................................4 2.2 Steps of Analysis............................................................................................................5 2.2.1 Remove Unpaired and Null Data (Step 1) ...................................................5 2.2.2 Determine Invalid Data (Step 2) ..................................................................7 2.2.3 Determine Outliers (Step 3) .........................................................................8 2.2.4 Analysis of Core Data (Step 4) ....................................................................9 2.3 Check for Normality ....................................................................................................10 CHAPTER 3: Results of Analysis and Estimates of Precision ................................................11 3.1 Test Data ......................................................................................................................11 3.2 Analysis of the Data.....................................................................................................11 3.2.1 Determining the Asphalt Binder Content of Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) by the Ignition Method ....................................................11 3.2.2 Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup ..........................................12 3.2.3 Specific Gravity of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials ..............................12 3.2.4 Effect of Heat and Air on a Moving Film of Asphalt (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test)..................................................................13 3.2.5 Determining the Flexural Creep Stiffness of Asphalt Binder Using the Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) .............................................14 3.2.6 Determining the Fracture Properties of Asphalt Binder in Direct Tension (DT)...................................................................................15 3.2.7 Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) ...............................................16 3.2.8 Viscosity Determination of Asphalt Binder Using a Rotational Viscometer ...............................................................................17 CHAPTER 4: Conclusions and Recommendations ..................................................................18 4.1 General......................................................................................................................18 4.2 Conclusions and Recommendations Related to Specific Standards .........................18 4.2.1 AASHTO T308-04, Determining the Asphalt Binder Content of Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) by the Ignition Method .....................................18 iv
4.2.2 AASHTO T48-04, Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup ...........18 4.2.3 AASHTO T228-04, Specific Gravity of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials ....................................................................................................19 4.2.4 AASHTO T240-03, Effect of Heat and Air on a Moving Film of Asphalt (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test) ....................................................19 4.2.5 AASHTO T313-04, Determining the Flexural Creep Stiffness of Asphalt Binder Using the Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) ...............20 4.2.6 AASHTO T314-04, Determining the Fracture Properties of Asphalt Binder in Direct Tension (DT) .....................................................20 4.2.7 AASHTO T315-04, Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) ......................21 4.2.8 AASHTO T316-04, Viscosity Determination of Asphalt Binder Using a Rotational Viscometer ..................................................................21 4.3 General Conclusions and Recommendations............................................................22 4.4 Precision Statement for AASHTO T308 ..................................................................23 4.5 Precision Statement for AASHTO T48 ....................................................................24 4.6 Precision Statement for AASHTO T228 ..................................................................25 4.7 Precision Statement for AASHTO T240 ..................................................................26 4.8 Precision Statement for AASHTO T313 ..................................................................28 4.9 Precision Statement for AASHTO T314 ..................................................................29 4.10 Precision Statement for AASHTO T315 ..................................................................30 4.11 Precision Statement for AASHTO T316 ..................................................................31 REFERENCES.............................................................................................................................32 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................33 APPENDIX A Description of Hoaglin et al. Outlier Method ........................................... A-1 APPENDIX B Example of Analysis Technique..................................................................B-1 APPENDIX C Summary Table for DSR Phase Angle Testing on Original Binder........C-1 APPENDIX D Normal Summary Tables ............................................................................D-1 APPENDIX E Graph and Analysis Results for AASHTO T308 ......................................E-1 APPENDIX F Graph and Analysis Results for AASHTO T48 ....................................... F-1 APPENDIX G Graph and Analysis Results for AASHTO T228 ......................................G-1 APPENDIX H Graph and Analysis Results for AASHTO T240 ......................................H-1 APPENDIX I Graph and Analysis Results for AASHTO T313, Slope ............................I-1 APPENDIX J Graph and Analysis Results for AASHTO T313, Stiffness.......................J-1 APPENDIX K Graph and Analysis Results for AASHTO T314, Stress ..........................K-1 APPENDIX L Graph and Analysis Results for AASHTO T314, Strain .........................L-1 APPENDIX M Graph and Analysis Results for AASHTO T315, Original.....................M-1 APPENDIX N Graph and Analysis Results for AASHTO T315, RTFO .........................N-1 APPENDIX O Graph and Analysis Results for AASHTO T315, PAV ............................O-1 APPENDIX P Graph and Analysis Results for AASHTO T316 ...................................... P-1 v