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D-1 A P P E N D I X D Technical Support for the Derivation of Revised AEDT Defaults
Table D-1 Average TIM for each GSE Equipment by Aircraft Size Category and Study Project: Passenger Aircraft Category (# Obs ACRP/# Obs Other) GSE AEDT TIM # of Obs in Surveys per study**** Final Rec. Notes GSE Surveys ACRP Previous Studies KM Chng MIN AVE MAX SD MIN AVE MAX SD AVE Heavy/Wide -Bodied 8 Aircraft Tractor 8 0/6/11 12 Weighted average: OTHER (10) and KM Chng (13) Not Observed 6 10 17 4 13 Baggage Trac- tor*** 120 0/7/11 53 Weighted average: OTHER (32) and KM Chng (67) GATE ONLY, FINAL REC NEEDS TO account for time it takes to travel to load- ing/unloading area. Not Observed 10 32 90 27 67 Belt Loader 35 0/7/11 42 Weighted average: OTHER (37) and KM Chng (45) Not Observed 4 37 83 37 45 Cabin Service/ Catering Truck* 28 0/6/11 28 OTHER average. KM Chng (87) too high so was removed; also removed 2 minute time from OTHER Not Observed 7 28 51 12 87 Optional Weighted Ave
Category (# Obs ACRP/# Obs Other) GSE AEDT TIM Final Rec. Notes GSE Surveys ACRP Previous Studies KM Chng MIN AVE MAX SD MIN AVE MAX SD AVE 80 0/5/11 50 OTHER(46) and KM Chng (52) Not Observed 16 46 102 36 52 Lavatory Cart/ Truck 25 0/3/11 17 Weighted Average: OTHER(8) and KM Chng (19); removed 2 minute time from OTHER Not Observed 6 8 9 2 19 Air Condi- tioner 30 Y 0/0/0 N/A Not Observed Air Start 7 Y 0/0/0 NotObserved N/A Not Observed APU*** 26 Y 0/5/0 25 GATE ONLY, FINAL REC NEEDS TO Include Taxi- in/taxi-out Not Observed 8 25 52 18 Not Observed *Fuel/ Hydrant Truck 20 Y 0/2/11 37 OTHER(27) and KM Chng (39) Not Observed 24 27 30 4 39 # of Obs in Surveys per study**** Weighted AveOptional OTHER Average Weighted Average: Not Observed Weighted Average:Cargo/ Container Loader
Category (# Obs ACRP/# Obs Other) GSE AEDT TIM Final Rec. Notes GSE Surveys ACRP Previous Studies KM Chng MIN AVE MAX SD MIN AVE MAX SD AVE Service Truck** 15 Y 0/2/0 11 OTHER average Not Observed 4 11 25 12 Water Service 12 Y 0/0/0 5 Not Observed for Wide- Bodied; This number was derived from Narrow-Bodied Not Observed Narrow- Bodied 99 Aircraft Tractor 7 49/45/41 7 Weighted average: ACRP (6), OTHER (6) and KM Chng (8) 2 6 24 4 3 6 18 15 8 Baggage Trac- tor*** 61 52/48/41 28 Weighted average: ACRP(29), OTHER (29) and KM Chng (28) GATE ONLY, FINAL REC NEEDS TO BE HIGHER (see comment above) 5 27 98 17 5 29 96 21 28 Belt Loader 41 52/46/41 47 Weighted average: ACRP (60), OTHER (51) 3 55 117 30 7 51 109 26 31 # of Obs in Surveys per study**** Weighted Ave Optional Not Observed and KM Chng (31)
Category (# Obs ACRP/# Obs Other) GSE AEDT TIM Final Rec. Notes GSE Surveys ACRP Previous Studies KM Chng MIN AVE MAX SD MIN AVE MAX SD AVE Cabin Service/ Catering Truck* 17 35/37/41 21 Weighted average: ACRP (22), OTHER (26) and KM Chng (15) 7 21 46 9 4 26 51 12 15 Air Condi- tioner 30 Y 1/20 41 Weighted Average: ACRP (44) & OTHER (39) 44 44 44 -- 29 39 49 15 Air Start 7 Y 0/0/0 NotObserved N/A Not Observed APU*** 26 Y 0/30/0 15 GATE ONLY, FINAL REC NEEDS TO BE HIGHER (see comment above) Not Observed 3 15 44 10 Fuel/ Hydrant Truck* 14 Y 30/25/41 17 Weighted average: ACRP (18), OTHER (14) and KM Chng (18) 4 18 37 8 5 14 40 8 18 Narrow- Bodied 99 Not Observed Not Observed # of Obs in Surveys per study**** Weighted Ave Optional OTHER Average
Category (# Obs ACRP/# Obs Other) GSE AEDT TIM Final Rec. Notes GSE Surveys ACRP Previous Studies KM Chng MIN AVE MAX SD MIN AVE MAX SD AVE GPU 40 Y 3/4/0 35 Weighted Average of ACRP (54) and OTHER (26) 44 47 64 16 19 26 30 5 Lavatory Cart/ Truck 14 37/26/41 8 Weighted Average of ACRP (7) and OTHER (8) 2 8 24 5 2 8 17 4 10 Service 14 Y 16/5/0 9 2 10 20 5 2 7 13 4 Water Service 12 Y 8/1/0 5 Weighted Average of ACRP (4) and OTHER (5) 2 4 13 4 5 5 5 -- NotObserved Light/Small- bodied 12 Aircraft Tractor 5 2/0/18 9 4 6 8 3 Not Observed 9 Baggage Trac- tor*** 27 2/4/18 13 Weighted Average: ACRP(15) and KM Chng (13) GATE ONLY, FINAL REC NEEDS TO BE HIGHER (see comment above) 11 15 20 6 2 4 6 2 13 # of Obs in Surveys per study**** Weighted Ave Optional Truck** Not Observed Not Observed Weighted Average of ACRP (10) and OTHER (7) Weighted Average: ACRP(6) and KM Chng (9)
Category (# Obs ACRP/# Obs Other) GSE AEDT TIM Final Rec. Notes GSE Surveys ACRP Previous Studies KM Chng MIN AVE MAX SD MIN AVE MAX SD AVE Light/Small- bodied 12 Belt Loader 23 2/0/18 22 Weighted Average: ACRP(36) and KM Chng (20) 27 36 45 12 Not Observed 20 Cabin Service/ Catering Truck* 6 0/0/18 6 KM ChngAverage Not Observed 6 Fuel/ Hydrant Truck * 20 Y 1/9/18 9 ACRP(10), OTHER (5) and KM Chng (11) 10 10 10 -- 3 5 13 3 11 GPU 40 Y 1/1/18 35 Weighted Average: ACRP(44) and KM Chng (35) 44 44 44 -- 10 10 10 -- 35 0 Y 1/0/18 4 ACRP(2) and KM Chng (4) 2 2 2 -- Not Observed 4 Service Truck** 11.5 Y 0/0/0 Not Observed N/A Not Observed MIN. = Minimum. MAX. = Maximum. NA = Not Applicable. Obs. = Observations. SD = Standard Deviation. TIM = Time-in-Mode. Y = Yes Bold font = suggested default GSE fleet mix and TIM. *Cabin service and catering trucks are separate in AEDT. Fuel and hydrant trucks are separate in EDMS. TIM represents average between the two. **Service truck includes all service vehicles, including minivan. ***Gate only observations. Final recommendation for baggage tractors is higher (based on airport size; see Table 13) to account for the time it takes to travel to loading/unloading area. Final recommendation for APUs is higher (based on airport size; see Table 13) to account for taxi-in and taxi-out times. # of Obs in Surveys per study**** Weighted Ave Optional Lavatory Cart/ Truck Weighted Average: Weighted Average:
D-8 Improving Ground Support Equipment Operational Data for Airport Emissions Modeling Table D-2 Average TIM for each GSE Equipment BY Size Category: Cargo Aircraft from Oakland Airport EDMS Category GSE Equipment # of Obs EDMS TIM Optional? Weighted Ave Min Ave Max Wide- bodied (9) Aircraft Tractor 3 8 7 4 7 10 Belt Loader 3 27 23 3 23 39 Cargo Tractor*** 9 0 29 7 29 83 Cargo/Container Loader* 9 73 91 32 91 157 Fuel/Hydrant Truck* 2 33 24 21 24 27 Lavatory Truck 4 13 6 4 6 11 Service Truck 2 12 3 2 3 4 Air Conditioner 0 23 Y NA NA NA NA Air Start 0 7 Y NA NA NA NA Baggage Tractor 0 90 Y NA NA NA NA Cabin Service 0 14 Y NA NA NA NA Fork Lift 0 0 Y NA NA NA NA GPU 8 0 Y 55 18 55 99 Water Service 0 12 Y NA NA NA NA Narrow- bodied (2) Aircraft Tractor 1 0 5 5 5 5 Belt Loader 1 0 4 4 4 4 Cargo Tractor*** 2 0 13 11 13 15 Cargo/Container Loader* 2 0 Y 47 30 47 65 Fuel/Hydrant Truck* 1 0 Y 25 25 25 25 GPU 2 0 Y 66 63 66 70 Other 1 0 Y 11 11 11 11 *Cabin service and catering trucks are separate in EDMS. Fuel and hydrant trucks are separate in AEDT. TIM Represents average between the two. **Service truck includes on-road vehicles ***Gate-only observations. Final recommendation for baggage tractors should be higher (based on airport size; see Table 12) to account for the time it takes to travel to loading/unloading area. Final recommenda- tion for APUs should be higher (based on airport size; see Table 12) to account for taxi-in and taxi-out times.
Table D-3. Load Factors Equipment Type Min HP Max HP EDMS NESCAUM Zurich CARB ICAO HP Load HP2 Load3 HP4 Load5 HP6 Load7 HP8 Load9 Air Conditioner* 210 300 210 - 300 0.75 -- 0.39 201 0.5 -- -- 201 0.50 Air Start 425 850 425 - 850 0.90 -- 0.02 201 0.5 -- -- 201 0.50 Aircraft Tractor* 86 617 86 - 617 0.80 -- 0.08 - 0.12 127 - 670 0.25 - 0.50 -- 0.54 127 - 536 0.25 Baggage Tractor* 71 107 71 - 107 0.55 -- 0.02 -- -- -- 0.37 40 0.50 Belt Loader* 71 107 71 - 107 0.50 -- 0.07 44 0.25 -- 0.34 44 0.25 Bobtail 110 235 110 - 235 0.55 -- -- -- -- -- 0.37 121 0.25 Cabin Service Truck* 71 360 71 - 360 0.53 -- -- 64 - 177 0.10 - 0.75 -- -- 114 - 174 0.10 - 0.25 Cargo Loader* 80 133 80 - 133 0.50 -- 0.06 44 - 83 0.25 -- 0.34 80 0.25 Cargo Tractor 83 107 83 - 107 0.54 -- -- 71 - 80 0.25 -- 0.36 40 0.25 Cart 25 25 25 0.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Catering Truck* 71 360 71 - 360 0.53 -- -- 114 - 174 0.10 - 0.25 -- -- 114 - 174 0.10 - 0.25 Deicer 83 270 83 - 270 0.95 -- 0.07 247 0.25 -- -- 241 0.10 - 0.60 Fork Lift 54 55 54 - 55 0.30 -- 0.09 40 - 161 0.25 -- 0.2 40 - 134 0.25 Fuel Truck 175 420 175 - 420 0.25 -- 0.08 121 - 268 0.10 -0.20 -- -- 268 0.10 -0.50 Generator 107 158 107 - 158 0.82 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- GPU* 71 194 71 - 194 0.75 -- 0.1 141 - 200 0.50 -- -- 134 - 201 0.50 Hydrant Cart* -- -- -- 0.70 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Hydrant Truck 235 360 235 - 360 0.70 -- -- 88 - 147 0.10 -0.50 -- -- 94 - 147 0.10 -0.50 Lavatory Truck* 56 360 56 - 360 0.25 -- 0.14 157 0.25 -- -- 161 0.25 Lift 105 132 105 - 132 0.50 -- 0.27 -- -- -- 0.34 94 - 161 0.25 Other 126 173 126 - 173 0.50 -- -- -- -- -- 0.34 -- -- Passenger Stand 65 107 65 - 107 0.57 -- 0.07 40 - 87 0.25 -- 0.4 40 - 87 0.25 Service Truck 235 360 235 - 360 0.20 -- 0.09 94 - 161 0.25 -- -- 114 - 174 0.10 - 0.25 Sweeper 45 53 45 - 53 0.51 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Water Service* 235 360 235 - 360 0.20 -- -- 157 0.25 -- -- 161 0.25 * Suggested default GSE fleet mix in a typical wide-bodied or narrow-bodied aircraft turnaround. Small-bodied aircraft may not use all of these GSE types in a typical turnaround.
D-10 Improving Ground Support Equipment Operational Data for Airport Emissions Modeling Table D-4 GSE survey counts by type and fuel (12 airports) (source: ACRP Report 78) GSE Equipment Total Diesel a Elec- tric Gaso- line LPG NG So- lar Unk b Baggage Tugs/Cargo Tugs 2,575 15.4% 16.7% 52.7% 2.8% 0.0% 0.0% 12.3% Cars/Pickups/SUVs/Vans 1,132 4.9% 0.5% 83.9% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 10.5% Belt Loaders 1,102 25.0% 14.7% 44.6% 0.5% 0.4% 0.0% 14.8% Other 843 52.2% 4.0% 28.4% 1.5% 0.2% 0.0% 13.6% Aircraft Tractors/Tugs 705 67.7% 11.1% 8.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 13.0% Generators/GPUs/GPU- ACs 487 61.0% 9.9% 7.2% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 21.8% Deicing Trucks 399 64.7% 0.8% 26.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.0% Lifts 344 21.8% 26.2% 26.7% 5.5% 0.0% 0.0% 19.8% Carts 330 1.2% 77.6% 5.5% 0.9% 0.0% 0.0% 14.8% Cabin Service/Catering Trucks 320 52.2% 0.3% 15.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 32.2% Forklifts 314 12.7% 8.6% 13.7% 44.9% 0.0% 0.0% 20.1% Air Conditioners/ Heaters 312 76.3% 2.6% 11.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 9.6% Cargo Loaders 281 78.6% 0.4% 7.5% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0% 13.2% Lavatory Trucks/Lavatory Carts 177 17.5% 7.9% 59.9% 0.0% 0.6% 0.0% 14.1% Air Start Units 160 71.9% 0.6% 2.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 25.0% Fuel Trucks 151 64.9% 2.0% 8.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 24.5% Light Carts/Light Stands 111 64.9% 1.8% 7.2% 0.0% 0.0% 9.0% 17.1% Passenger Stairs 95 31.6% 1.1% 42.1% 1.1% 0.0% 0.0% 24.2% Buses 69 21.7% 0.0% 7.2% 0.0% 55.1% 0.0% 15.9% Hydrant Carts/Hydrant Trucks 62 61.3% 0.0% 22.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 16.1% Maintenance Trucks 56 28.6% 0.0% 44.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 26.8% Surveyed GSE Average 10,025 33.5% 11.6% 37.0% 2.6% 0.5% 0.1% 14.7% aDiesel fuel types were simply identified by the color or labels on the filler cap. The research team was not able to determine whether the diesel was strictly petroleum-based or biodiesel. Diesel that is 85% to 100% biodiesel (B85-B100) is defined as an alternative fuel under DOE EPAct guidelines and is potentially eli- gible for grant funding under FAAâs VALE Program. Therefore, note that the ratio of alternative fuels to conventional fuels (petroleum diesel and gasoline) will be understated in this table. bUnk = Unknown, unable to determine during survey.
