Service Life of Culverts (2015)

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49 REFERENCES American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Highway Drainage Guidelines, 3rd ed., “Volume XIV—Highway Drainage Guidelines for Culvert Inspection and Rehabilitation,” AASHTO, Washington, D.C., 1999, revised 2000. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Highway Drainage Guidelines, 4th ed., “Chapter 14—Culvert Inspection, Material Selec- tion, and Rehabilitation Guideline,” AASHTO, Washing- ton, D.C., 2007. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), PP-6309 Standard Practice for Pipe Joint Selection for Highway Culvert and Storm Drains, AASHTO, Washington, D.C., 2009. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), LRFD Bridge Construction Speci- fications, AASHTO, Washington, D.C., 2010. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), LRFD Bridge Design Specifica- tions, Customary U.S. Units, 6th ed., 2013 Interim Revi- sions, AASHTO, Washington, D.C., 2013. American Concrete Institute (ACI), “ACI 318-11 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Com- mentary,” ACI, Farmington Hills, Mich., 2011. American Concrete Pipe Association (ACPA), “Course 5: Concrete Pipe Durability & Design Life, ACPA Technical Series, Module I: Basic RCP,” ACPA, Irving, Tex., 2008. American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), Handbook of Steel Drainage and Highway Construction Products, 5th ed., AISI, Washington, D.C., 1994. American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), Modern Sewer Design, 4th ed., AISI, Washington, D.C., 1999 [Online]. Available: http://www.ncspa.org/images/stories/ technical/08blbk1.pdf. ASM International, ASM Handbook Volume 13A: Corro- sion: Fundamentals, Testing, and Protection, ASM Inter- national, Novelty, Ohio, 2003. Ault, J.P. and J.E. Ellor, Durability Analysis of Aluminized Type 2 Corrugated Metal Pipe, Report FHWA- RD-97-140, Federal Highway Administration, Washing- ton, D.C., 2000. Ault, J.P., “Performance of Polymer Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe,” 82nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 2003. Beaton, J.L. and R.F. Stratfull, Field Test for Estimating the Service Life of Corrugated Metal Pipe Culverts, Califor- nia Division of Highways Materials and Research Depart- ment, Sacramento, 1962. Bortz, S.A., Durability of Clay Pipe, Proceeding of the International Conference on Advances in Underground Pipeline Engineering, ASCE, New York, 1985. Busba, E., A. Sagüés, and G. Mullins, Reinforced Concrete Pipe Cracks—Acceptance Criteria, Contract/Grant No. BDK84 977-06, Florida Department of Transportation, Tallahassee, July 2011. California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), Method for Estimating the Service Life of Steel Culverts, Cal- trans, Sacramento, 1999. California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), High- way Design Manual, Caltrans, Sacramento, 2001. California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), Cal- trans Supplement to FHWA Culvert Repair Practices Manual, Design Information Bulletin No. 83-02, Cal- trans, Sacramento, 2011a. California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), High- way Design Manual, Caltrans, Sacramento, 2011b. California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), Corro- sion Guidelines, Version 2.0, Caltrans Division of Engi- neering Services, Materials Engineering and Testing Services, Sacramento, 2012. California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), Cal- trans Supplement to FHWA Culvert Repair Practices Manual, Design Information Bulletin No. 83-03, Cal- trans, Sacramento, 2013. Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), Develop- ment of New Corrosion/Abrasion Guidelines for Selec- tion of Culvert Pipe Materials, Report CDOT-2009-11, 2009. Corrugated Steel Pipe Institute (CSPI), Handbook of Steel Drainage & Highway Construction Products, CSPI, Cambridge, Ontario, Canada, 2007. DeCou, G. and P. Davies, Evaluation of Abrasion Resistance of Pipe and Pipe Lining Materials, Report FHWA/CA/ TL-CA01-0173, California Department of Transporta- tion, Sacramento, 2007. Doherty, I.J. and T.J. Angelo, “Using UVC CIPP and GIPP in Multi-Year Culvert Rehabilitation Program on the 407ETR Electronic Toll Highway,” No-Dig Show 2012, North American Society for Trenchless Technology (NASTT), Nashville, Tenn., 2012. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Culvert Inspection Manual, Supplement to the Bridge Inspector’s Training

50 Manual, Report FHWA-IP-86-2, FHWA, Washington, D.C., July 1986. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Federal Lands Highway Project Development and Design Manual, FHWA, Washington, D.C., March 2008. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Federal Lands Highway Project Development and Design Manual, draft, FHWA, Washington, D.C., Feb. 2011 [Online]. Available: http://flh.fhwa.dot.gov/resources/manuals/pddm/. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), FHWA Culvert Management Case Studies, Report FHWA-HIF-14-008, Washington, D.C., April 2014. Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT), Florida Method of Test for Determining Stress Crack Resistance of HDPE Corrugated Pipes, Florida Department of Transportation Testing Method: FM 5-572, FDOT, Tampa, 2008a [Online]. Available: http://www.dot.state. f l.us/statematerialsoffice/administration/resources/ library/publications/fstm/methods/fm5-572.pdf. Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT), Florida Method of Test for Predicting the Crack Free Service Live of HDPE Corrugated Pipes, Florida Department of Transportation Testing Method: FM 5-573, FDOT, Tampa, 2008b [Online]. Available: http://www.dot.state. f l.us/statematerialsoffice/administration/resources/ library/publications/fstm/methods/fm5-573.pdf. Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT), Florida Method of Test for Predicting the Oxidation Resistance of HDPE Corrugated Pipes, Florida Department of Trans- portation Testing Method: FM 5-574, FDOT, Tampa, 2008c [Online]. Available: http://www.dot.state.fl.us/ statematerialsoffice/administration/resources/library/ publications/fstm/methods/fm5-574.pdf. Florida Department of Transportation, (FDOT), Florida Method of Test for Predicting Long-Term Modulus of HDPE Corrugated Pipes, Florida Department of Trans- portation Testing Method: FM 5-577, FDOT, Tampa, 2008d [Online]. Available: http://www.dot.state.fl.us/ statematerialsoffice/administration/resources/library/ publications/fstm/methods/fm5-577.pdf. Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT), Drainage Manual—Optional Pipe Material Handbook, Drainage Section, Office of Design, FDOT, Tallahassee, 2012. Gabriel, L.H. and E.T. Moran, NCHRP Highway Synthesis 254: Service Life of Drainage Pipe, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washing- ton, D.C., 1998, 39 pp. Hadipriono, F.C., Durability Study of Concrete Pipe Cul- verts: Service Life Assessment, Ohio State University, Columbus, 1986. Halem, C., D. Trejo, and K. Folliard, “Service Life of Cor- roding Galvanized Culverts Embedded in Controlled Low-Strength Materials,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol. 20, No. 5, May 2008, pp. 366–374. Hepfner, J.J., Statewide Corrosivity Study on Corrugated Steel Culvert Pipe, FHWA/MT-01-001/8148, 2001. Hsuan, G. and T. McGrath, Synthesis of Material Specifica- tion for 100 Years Service Life of High Density Polyethyl- ene Corrugated Pipes, Report 04-474, Florida DOT, Tallahassee, Fla., 2004. Hsuan, Y.G. and T. McGrath, NCHRP Report 429: HDPE Pipe: Recommended Material Specifications and Design Requirements, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1999. Hsuan, Y.G., Phase II of Long-term Properties of Corru- gated HDPE Pipe, Research Study for the Florida Depart- ment of Transportation, Tallahassee, Feb. 2012. Hurd, J.O., “Field Performance of Concrete Pipe and Cor- rugated Steel Pipe Culverts and Bituminous Protection of Corrugated and Steel Pipe Culverts,” Transportation Research Record 1001, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1984, pp. 40–48. Hurd, J.O., “Field Performance of Concrete and Pipe Cul- verts at Acid Flow Sites in Ohio,” Transportation Research Record 1008, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 1985. Leatham, J.L. and G.E. Peterson, Pipe Selection for Corro- sion Resistance, Utah DOT Report UDOTIMP-76-1, Research and Development Section, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1977. Macey, C.C. and K. Zurek, “34 Years of Quality Assurance Testing for CIPP in Winnipeg, MB, Canada,” No-Dig Show 2012, North American Society for Trenchless Technology (NASTT), Nashville, Tenn., 2012. Meacham, D.G., J.O. Hurd, and W.W. Shislar, Culvert Dura- bility Study, Report No. ODOT/LandD/82-1, Ohio Department of Transportation, Columbus, 1982. Meegoda, J.N. and T.M. Juliano, Corrugated Steel Culvert Pipe Deterioration, Report No. FHWA-NJ-2006-007, New Jersey Department of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transpor- tation, Washington, D.C., 2009. Ministry of Transportation of Ontario, MTO Gravity Pipe Design Guidelines—Circular Culverts and Storm Sew- ers, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2007. Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT), “Cul- vert Repair Best Practices, Specifications, and Special Provisions: Task C Research Synthesis,” TRS 1209, MnDOT, St. Paul, Oct. 2012.

51 Mitchell, G.F., T. Masada, S.M. Sargand, and Jobes Hender- son & Associates, Inc., Risk Assessment and Update of Inspection Procedures for Culverts, Report No. FHWA/ OH- 2005/002, Ohio Department of Transportation, Ohio University and Ohio Research Institute for Trans- portation and the Environment (ORITE), Columbus, 2005. Molinas, A. and A. Mommandi, “Development of New Cor- rosion/Abrasion Guidelines for Selection of Culvert Pipe Materials,” Report No. CDOT-2009-11, DTD Applied Research and Innovation Branch, Colorado Department of Transportation, Denver, 2009, pp. 5–25. Moore, I.D., D.B. Garcia, H. Sezen, and T. Sheldon, NCHRP Web-Only Document 190: Structural Design Require- ments for Culvert Joints, NCHRP Project 15-38, Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2012. Moore, I.D. and F. Hu, “Linear Viscoelastic Modelling of Profiled High Density Polyethylene Pipe,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 23, 1996, pp. 395-407. National Corrugated Steel Pipe Association (NCSPA), CSP Durability Guide, NCSPA, Dallas, Tex., 2000. National Corrugated Steel Pipe Association (NCSPA), Field Performance Evaluation of Polymer Coated CSP Struc- ture in New York, NCSPA, Dallas, Tex., 2002a. National Corrugated Steel Pipe Association (NCSPA), Field Performance Evaluation of Polymer Coated CSP Struc- ture in Wisconsin, NCSPA, Dallas, Tex., 2002b. National Corrugated Steel Pipe Association (NCSPA), Invert Abrasion Testing of CSP Coatings, NCSPA, Dallas, Tex. 2002c. National Corrugated Steel Pipe Association (NCSPA), Ser- vice Life Evaluation of Corrugated Steel Pipe, NCSPA, Dallas, Tex., 2002d. National Corrugated Steel Pipe Association (NCSPA), Cor- rugated Steel Pipe Design Manual, NCSPA, Dallas, Tex., 2008. National Corrugated Steel Pipe Association (NCSPA), Pipe Selection Guide, NCSPA, Dallas, Tex., 2010 [Online]. Available: http://www.ncspa.org/images/stories/techni- cal/resource_guide_electronic.pdf. National Corrugated Steel Pipe Association (NCSPA), Long- Term Field Investigation of Polymer Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe, NCSPA, Dallas, Tex., 2012. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) (2012), NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of the Haz- ards of Materials for Emergency Response, NFPA, Quincy, Mass., 2012. NCHRP Project 14-19, Culvert Rehabilitation to Maximize Service Life while Minimizing Direct Costs and Traffic Disruption, Literature Review, Final draft, Transporta- tion Research Board of the National Academies, Wash- ington, D.C., 2010. NCHRP Project 10-86, Alternative Bidding of Highway Drainage Systems, final report in preparation, Transpor- tation Research Board of the National Academies, Wash- ington, D.C., 2015. New York State DOT (NYSDOT), NYSDOT Culvert Inspec- tion Field Guide, NYSDOT, Albany, 2011. Ohio Department of Transportation (Ohio DOT), Risk Assessment and Update of Inspection Procedures for Culverts, Report No. FHWA/OH-2005/0002, Ohio Uni- versity, Athens, 2005. Ohio Department of Transportation (Ohio DOT), Location and Design Manual, Volume 2: Drainage Design, Ohio Department of Transportation, Columbus, 2014. Peng, C-G. and J.K. Park, “Principal Factors Affecting Microbially Influenced Corrosion,” Corrosion, Vol. 50, No. 9, 1994, pp. 669–675. Perrin, J., Jr. and C.S. Jhaveri, “The Economic Costs of Culvert Failures,” prepared for the Transportation Research Board, 83rd Annual Meeting CD-ROM, Washington, D.C., 2004. Potter, J.C., Life Cycle Cost for Drainage Structures, Techni- cal Report GL-88-2, prepared for the Department of the Army by the Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss., 1988, 72 pp. Potter, J.C., “Aluminum-Coated Corrugated Steel-Pipe Field Performance,” Journal of Transportation Engineering, Vol. 116, No. 2, 1990, pp. 145–152. Romanoff, M., “Performance of Ductile-Iron Pipe in Soils,” Journal of the American Water Works Association, Vol. 60, No. 6, 1968, pp. 645–655. Sagüés, A.A., J. Peña, C. Cotrim, M. Pech-Canul, and I. Urdaneta, Corrosion Resistance and Service Life of Drainage Culverts, Final Report to Florida Department of Transportation, Report No. WPI 0510756, Contract No. B-9898, Tallahassee, 2001. Sagüés, A.A., N.D. Poor, L. Caseres, and M. Akhoondan, Development of a Rational Method for Predicting Corro- sion Rates of Metals in Soils and Waters, Final Report to Florida Department of Transportation, Report No. BD497, Tallahassee, Oct. 2009. Sears, E.C., “Comparison of the Soil Corrosion Resistance of Ductile Iron Pipe and Gray Cast Iron Pipe,” Material Production, Vol. 7, No. 10, 1968, pp. 33–36. Sterling, R., L. Wang, and R. Morrison, Rehabilitation of Wastewater Collection and Distribution Systems, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Report No. EPA/600/R-09/048, New Jersey, 2009.

52 Stroud, T.F., “Corrosion Control Methods for Ductile Iron Pipe,” National Association of Corrosion Engineers Con- ference, 1989. Swanson, H.N. and D.E. Donnelly, Performance of Culvert Materials in Various Colorado Environments, Report No. FHWA-CO-77-7, States Department of Highway and Colorado Division of Highways Planning and Research Branch, Denver, 1977. Taylor, C. and J. Marr, A Research Plan and Report on Fac- tors Affecting Culvert Pipe Service Life in Minnesota, St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Pub- lished by Minnesota Department of Transportation Research Services, St. Paul, 2012. Titow. W.V., PVC Plastic Properties and Applications, Else- vier Applied Science, New York, 1990. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineering and Design, Conduits, Culverts and Pipes, Department of the Army, Washington, D.C., 1998. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, Summary of Trenchless Technology for Use with USDA Forest Service Culverts, TTAP MTU ID#1460, USDA, Washington, D.C., 2005. Vasile, C. and R.B. Seymour, Handbook of Polyolefins: Syn- thesis and Properties, Marcek Dekker, New York, 1993. White, K. and J.O. Hurd, Guidance for Design and Selection of Pipe, Draft Report for NCHRP 20-07 (264), Transpor- tation Research Board of the National Academies, Wash- ington, D.C., 2010. Wyant, D.C., NCHRP Highway Synthesis 303: Assessment and Rehabilitation of Existing Culverts, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2002. Zhao, J.Q., et al., “Durability and Performance of Gravity Pipes: A State-of-the-Art Literature Review,” National Research Council Canada, Published by IRC Institute for Research in Construction, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 1998, pp. 30–39.