Alternative Technologies for the Destruction of Chemical Agents and Munitions (1993)

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

REQUIREMENTS AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR CHEMICAL DEMILITARIZATION TECHNOLOGIES 82 TABLE 4-1 Permissible Agent Hazard Concentrations in Air and Lethal Doses Permissible Hazard Levels in Air(mg/m3) Lethal Human Doses Agent Workersa Stack General Skin Intravenous Inhalation Emissionsb Populationc (LD50, mg/ (LD50, mg/kg) (LCt50, mg— kg) min/m3 ) GA 0.0001 0.0003 0.000003 14-21 0.014 135-400 GB 0.0001 0.0003 0.000003 24 0.014 70—100 VX 0.00001 0.0003 0.000003 0.04 0.008 20-50 H/HD/HT 0.003 0.03 0.0001 100 — 10,000 L 0.003 0.03 0.003 — 100,000 a For 8-hour exposure. b Maximum concentration in exhaust stack. c For 72-hour exposure. Note: The Army standards shown in the first three columns set the minimum level of performance required for gas release by any alternative process and are applicable to all four process streams. LCt50 and LD50 represent dosage that result in 50 percent lethality. Source: U.S. Department of the Army (1974, 1975); PEIS (1988). Solid Wastes A major consideration at JACADS is the segregation of waste that may have been contaminated by agent from other hazardous and nonhazardous waste. Waste that is known never to have been contaminated is handled as simple hazardous or nonhazardous waste. The Army has three self-imposed categories of chemical agent contamination of solid wastes: • Level 1X is contaminated material that has not yet been processed or that still has detectable agent according to air monitoring above the material. This material must be controlled according to Army regulations and procedures. • Level 3X was established primarily for worker safety to indicate potentially contaminated material or previously contaminated material that has been decontaminated to show zero residual contamination by air monitoring above the material. Such material includes wood pallets that have