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THERMAL TREATMENT AND PREPROCESSING AND POSTPROCESSING OPERATIONS 101 approved containers. The salts may be premixed in a matrix to further minimize the risk of leakage during and after transport. Various methods are possible, including mixing salts in concrete or plastic matrix material. As a further extension of this approach, it might be possible to use a chemical matrix that contains the reactive hydrolysis detoxification reagent. Control of Nitrogen Oxides Various oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are generated in high-temperature oxidation processes, both from the oxidation of nitrogen from the air and from nitrogen contained in the materials being oxidized. For agent disposal, the largest sources of nitrogen are VX and the propellants and explosives that are being destroyed. GB often contains small amounts of nitrogen compounds as stabilizers, but HD contains nitrogen only as minor impurities if at all. The operations at JACADS (MITRE Corporation, 1993) produced NOx concentrations of 200 to 500 ppm, which is within the applicable federal regulations but may exceed local or future limits. Several methods for controlling NOx are available and currently used with combustion systems. The most important is to reduce the temperature and residence time used for high-temperature oxidation process. However, doing so in equipment such as afterburners may also reduce the operability of the process and/or decrease the degree to which combustible air pollutants are destroyed, depending on the choice of destruction technogies. Thus, it may be necessary to add to the pollution control system one of several available processes for NOx destruction. Water Recycle Water is used in some alternative processes, as well as in the current pollution abatement systems; in any event, it is a by-product, along with CO2, of the final oxidation steps necessary to destroy all organic carbon. Thus, water must be discharged from the plant by some method. In current pollution abatement systems involving aqueous scrubbing, a significant quantity of water is usually discharged as water vapor along with any other effluent gas. If the gas is cooled for chemical adsorption or storage, the amount of water vapor that is discharged with gas emissions to the atmosphere is less than the water generated by the oxidation of the chemical agent. Thus, water discharge by some other method might also be required. Numerous commercial systems are available for the adequate cleanup of this kind of wastewater stream that allow the wastewater to be recycled to the feed streams for the destruction processes or to general use on the site.
