National Academies Press: OpenBook

Alternative Technologies for the Destruction of Chemical Agents and Munitions (1993)

Chapter: Reduction Methods Conceivably Applicable to GB, VX, and H

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Suggested Citation:"Reduction Methods Conceivably Applicable to GB, VX, and H." National Research Council. 1993. Alternative Technologies for the Destruction of Chemical Agents and Munitions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2218.
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Page 121

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LOW-TEMPERATURE, LIQUID-PHASE PROCESSES 121 Reaction with ethanolamine. HD reacts rapidly with ethanolamine (Eq. 10) to give products of reduced hazard (Durst et al., 1988). Ethanolamine has been praised by these authors for its numerous advantages: "relatively high flash point, relatively non-toxic..., non-corrosive to metals, inexpensive, relatively stable." It will, however, also increase the oxidation load for final destruction and might generate undesirable quantifies of nitrogen oxides in subsequent combustion processes. Reduction Methods Conceivably Applicable to GB, VX, and H Prominent among methods reported here are some that would effect reduction of GB, VX and/or H. Some of the conceivable reduction products (notably Na3P, Na 2S, PH3, H2S, and CO) are very toxic and could not responsibly be discharged into the environment. Additional treatment to destroy them would therefore be implied. Reactions with reducing agents used in organic synthesis. In recent decades, many powerful or specific reducing agents have been found to be very useful

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The U.S. Army Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program was established with the goal of destroying the nation's stockpile of lethal unitary chemical weapons. Since 1990 the U.S. Army has been testing a baseline incineration technology on Johnston Island in the southern Pacific Ocean. Under the planned disposal program, this baseline technology will be imported in the mid to late 1990s to continental United States disposal facilities; construction will include eight stockpile storage sites.

In early 1992 the Committee on Alternative Chemical Demilitarization Technologies was formed by the National Research Council to investigate potential alternatives to the baseline technology. This book, the result of its investigation, addresses the use of alternative destruction technologies to replace, partly or wholly, or to be used in addition to the baseline technology. The book considers principal technologies that might be applied to the disposal program, strategies that might be used to manage the stockpile, and combinations of technologies that might be employed.

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