Guidebook on Pedestrian Crossings of Public Transit Rail Services (2015)

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159 1. Korve, H. W., J. I. Farran, D. M. Mansel, H. S. Levinson, T. Chira-Chavala, and D. R. Ragland (1996). TCRP Report 17: Integration of Light Rail Transit into City Streets. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 2. Korve, H. W., B. D. Ogden, J. T. Siques, D. M. Mansel, H. A. Richards, S. Gilbert, E. Boni, M. Butchko, J. C. Stutts, and R. G. Hughes (2001). TCRP Report 69: Light Rail Service: Pedestrian and Vehicular Safety. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 3. Korve Engineering, ATS Consulting, LLC, Fidell Associates, Center for Education and Research in Safety, and Bear Consulting (May 2007). TCRP Research Results Digest 84: Audible Signals for Pedestrian Safety in LRT Environments. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. 4. Cleghorn, D., A. Clavelle, J. Boone, M. Masliah, and H. S. Levinson (2009). TCRP Report 137: Improving Pedestrian and Motorist Safety along Light Rail Alignments. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. 5. Federal Railroad Administration (2008). Compilation of Pedestrian Safety Devices in Use at Grade Crossings. Accessed from http://www.fra.dot.gov/eLib/Details/L02732. Accessed on April 10, 2013. 6. Federal Railroad Administration (2012). Guidance on Pedestrian Crossing Safety at or near Passenger Stations. Washington, D.C. 7. Federal Highway Administration, Office of Safety (2008). Pedestrian Safety Guide for Transit Agencies. Report FHWA-SA-07-017, Washington, D.C. 8. Federal Highway Administration (2009). Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Washington, D.C. 9. American Public Transportation Association (October 2013). 2013 Public Transportation Fact Book, 64th Edition. Washington, D.C. Accessed from http://www.apta.com/resources/statistics/Documents/FactBook/2013-APTA- Fact-Book.pdf. Accessed on October 10, 2014. 10. Federal Transit Administration (2013). National Transit Database Glossary. Accessed from http://www. ntdprogram.gov/ntdprogram/Glossary.htm. Accessed on March 5, 2013. 11. American Public Transportation Association (August 15, 2013). 2013 Public Transportation Fact Book Appendix A: Historical Tables. Washington, D.C. Accessed from http://www.apta.com/resources/statistics/ Documents/FactBook/2013-Fact-Book-Appendix-A.pdf. Accessed on October 10, 2014. 12. Federal Transit Administration (2014). National Transit Database. Accessed from http://www.ntdprogram. gov/ntdprogram/data.htm. Accessed on February 18, 2014. 13. Metrolink (2009). SCRRA Highway-Rail Grade Crossings: Recommended Design Practices and Standards Manual. Los Angeles, California. Accessed from http://www.metrolinktrains.com/pdfs/EngineeringConstruction/ Grade_Cross_Stand_Guidelines_Manual_Jun29_09.pdf. Accessed on April 9, 2013. 14. Coffel, K., J. Parks, C. Semler, P. Ryus, D. Sampson, C. Kachadoorian, H. S. Levinson, and J. L. Schofer (2012). TCRP Report 153: Guidelines for Providing Access to Public Transportation Stations. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. 15. Cervero, R., S. Murphy, C. Ferrell, N. Goguts, Y. Tsai, G. B. Arrington, J. Boroski, J. Smith-Heimer, R. Golem, P. Peninger, E. Nakajima, E. Chui, R. Dunphy, M. Myers, S. McKay, and N. Witenstein (2004). TCRP Report 102: Transit-Oriented Development in the United States: Experiences, Challenges, and Prospects. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. 16. State of New Jersey Department of Transportation (2013). Transit Village Initiative Overview. Accessed from http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/community/village/index.shtml. Accessed on April 8, 2013. 17. Dallas Area Rapid Transit (2013). Transit-Oriented Development Policy and Guidelines. Accessed from http://www.dart.org/about/todpolicy.asp. Accessed on April 8, 2013. 18. Valley Metro (2013). METRO TOD Policy. Accessed from http://www.valleymetro.org/metro_projects_ planning/metro_tod_policy. Accessed on April 8, 2013. References

160 Guidebook on Pedestrian Crossings of Public Transit Rail Services 19. Maryland Department of Transportation (2013). Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) Homepage. Accessed from http://www.mdot.maryland.gov/Office_of_Planning_and_Capital_Programming/TOD/TOD_ Homepage.html. Accessed on April 8, 2013. 20. Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (2013). T-Projects and Transit Oriented Development. Accessed from http://www.mbta.com/about_the_mbta/t_projects/projects_tod/. Accessed on April 8, 2013. 21. Renne, J. L., K. Bartholomew, and P. Wontor (August 2011). TCRP Legal Research Digest 36: Transit-Oriented and Joint Development: Case Studies and Legal Issues. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. 22. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Sustainable Communities, Smart Growth Program (2013). Infrastructure Financing Options for Transit-Oriented Development. Washington, D.C. 23. 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Murphy (2007). “The Effect of Mobile Phone Use on Pedestrian Crossing Behavior at Signalized and Unsignalized Intersections.” Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 39, pp. 197–205. 31. Nasar, J., P. Hecht, and R. Wener (2008). “Mobile Telephones, Distracted Attention, and Pedestrian Safety.” Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 40, pp. 69–75. 32. Neider, M. B., J. S. McCarley, J. A. Crowell, H. Kaczmarski, and A. F. Kramer (2010). “Pedestrians, Vehicles, and Cell Phones.” Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 42, pp. 589–594. 33. Stavrinos, D. C., K. W. Byington, and D. C. Schwebel (2011). “Distracted Walking: Cell Phones Increase Injury Risk for College Pedestrians.” Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 42, pp. 101–107. 34. Thompson, L. L., F. P. Rivara, R. C. Ayyagari, and B. E. Ebel (August 2013). “Impact of Social and Techno- logical Distraction on Pedestrian Crossing Behaviour: An Observational Study.” Injury Prevention, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 232–237. 35. Schwebel, D. C., D. C. Stavrinos, K. W. Byington, T. Davis, E. E. O’Neal, and D. de Jong (2012). “Distraction and Pedestrian Safety: How Talking on the Phone, Texting, and Listening to Music Impact Crossing the Street.” Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 45, pp. 266–271. 36. Byington, K. W., and D. C. Schwebel (2013). “Effects of Mobile Internet Use on College Student Pedestrian Injury Risk.” Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 51, pp. 78–83. 37. Ogden, B. (2007). “Pedestrian Safety: Best Practices from Recent Western Rail Transit Projects.” Presented at the Eastern Rail Crossing Conference, Albany, New York, October 3. Accessed from https://www.dot.ny. gov/divisions/operating/osss/rail/grade-crossings/repository/Brent%20Ogden%20-%20Pedestrian%20Safety %20at%20Grade%20Crossings%20ERCC.pdf. Accessed on April 8, 2013. 38. Metaxatos, P., and P. S. Sriraj (April 2013). Pedestrian/Bicyclist Warning Devices and Signs at Highway-Rail and Pathway-Rail Grade Crossings. FHWA-ICT-13-013, Illinois Department of Transportation, Springfield, Illinois. Accessed from http://ict.illinois.edu/publications/report%20files/FHWA-ICT-13-013.pdf. Accessed on February 18, 2014. 39. Chase, S., S. Gabree, and M. DaSilva (December 2013). Effect of Gate Skirts on Pedestrian Behavior at a Highway-Rail Grade Crossing. DOT/FRA/ORD-13/51, U.S. Department of Transportation, John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center for the Federal Railroad Administration, Washington, D.C. Accessed from http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/50000/50900/50989/Effect_of_Gate_Skirts_20131227.pdf. Accessed on February 18, 2014. 40. Federal Transit Administration, Office of Safety and Security (2010). 2009 Rail Safety Statistics Report. Washington, D.C. Accessed from http://www.fta.dot.gov/documents/Rail_Safety_Statistics_Report_2009- FINAL.pdf. Accessed on April 8, 2013.

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162 Guidebook on Pedestrian Crossings of Public Transit Rail Services 64. Cornell University Law School, Legal Information Institute. “49 CFR Part 211, Appendix A to Part 211— Statement of Agency Policy Concerning Waivers Related to Shared Use of Trackage or Rights-of-Way by Light Rail and Conventional Operations.” Accessed from http://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/part-211/ appendix-A. Accessed on October 15, 2014. 65. California Department of Transportation (2013). 2012 Contract Cost Data: A Summary of Cost by Items for Highway Construction Projects. Accessed from http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/esc/oe/awards/2012CCDB/ 2012ccdb.pdf. Accessed on September 12, 2013. 66. Texas Department of Transportation (2013). Statewide Construction Average Low Bid Unit Price. Accessed from http://www.txdot.gov/business/letting-bids/average-low-bid-unit-prices.html. Accessed on October 2, 2013. 67. Korve, H. W., J. I. Farran, and D. M. Mansel (1995). “Pedestrian Control Systems for Light Rail Transit.” 1995 Compendium of Technical Papers, pp. 499–503. 68. Bushell, M. A., B. W. Poole, C. V. Zegeer, and D. A. Rodriguez (2013). Costs for Pedestrian and Bicyclist Infrastructure Improvements. Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C. 69. Sriraj, P. S., and P. Metaxatos (April 2013). Pedestrian/Bicycle Warning Devices and Signs at Highway-Rail and Pathway-Rail Grade Crossings. FHWA-ICT-13-013, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., p. A-18. 70. Saporta, H. (2012). “Pedestrian Crossing Upgrades.” Presented at the American Public Transportation Association 2012 Rail Conference, Dallas, Texas, June 3–6, 2012. Available from http://www.apta.com/mc/ rail/previous/2012/presentations/Presentations/Saporta-H-Pedestrian-Crossing-Upgrades.pdf. Accessed on April 8, 2013. 71. Currie, G., and P. Smith (2006). “An Innovative Design for Safe and Accessible Light Rail/Tram Stops Suit- able for Streetcar Style Conditions.” Transportation Research Board 85th Annual Meeting, 2006, CD-ROM, pp. 1–15. 72. Mathieu, R. (2007). “Metrolink Pedestrian Railroad Crossings Lessons Learned.” Presented at the Eastern Rail Crossing Conference, Albany, New York, October 3, 2007. Available from https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/ operating/osss/rail/grade-crossings/repository/Ron%20Mathieu%20-%20Pedestrian%20Treatments%20 at%20Crossings%20ERCC.pdf. Accessed on April 8, 2013. 73. Kirschbaum, J. B., P. W. Axelson, P. E. Longmuir, K. M. Mispagel, J. A. Stein, and D. A. Yamada (2001). Designing Sidewalks and Trails for Access: Part II, Best Practices Design Guide. Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C. 74. Public Utilities Commission of the State of California (2006). “General Order No. 75-D.” Accessed from http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/word_pdf/GENERAL_ORDER/60157.pdf. Accessed on April 1, 2014. 75. Federal Railroad Administration, Office of Research and Development, Signal, Train Control, and Commu- nication Division (2012). “Grade Crossing Safety and Trespass Prevention Research Program.” Presentation made at the New Jersey TransAction Conference. 76. PB Farradyne (2002). Final Report for the Second Train Warning Sign Demonstration Project on the Los Angeles Metro Blue Line. FTA-CA-26-7017-01, Federal Transit Administration, Washington, D.C. 77. Sabra, Wang, and Associates, Inc., and PB Farradyne (2002). TCRP Research Results Digest 51: Second Train Coming Warning Sign Demonstration Projects. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. 78. Carson, J. L., J. Tydlacka, L. S. Gray, and A. P. Voigt (2008). NCHRP Synthesis 380: Applications of Illu- minated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. 79. Fitzpatrick, K., M. A. Brewer, and R. Avelar (2014). “Driver Yielding at Traffic Control Signals, Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons, and Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacons in Texas.” Paper accepted for publication in Transportation Research Record, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. 80. Kovacs, J. (April 8, 2014). Deputy General Manager, Rail Safety and Training Department, New Jersey Transit. Email Correspondence. 81. Von Fay, P. (2013). “RTD Denver West Rail Line.” Presentation at the 2013 National Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Safety Training Conference, November 4, 2013. Accessed from http://static.tti.tamu.edu/conferences/ rail13/presentations/bo2-light-rail/vonfay.pdf. Accessed on February 18, 2014. 82. Murphy, A. (2013). “Renew the Blue Moving Forward along Eastside MAX Blue Line.” TriMet News, November 13, 2013. Available from http://news.trimet.org/2013/11/renew-the-blue-moving-forward-along- eastside-max-blue-line/. Accessed on February 21, 2014.