Incorporating Transportation Security Awareness into Routine State DOT Operations and Training (2014)

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12 Appendix A provides an overview of the current training available for transportation security with links to training resources and training courses in a range of formats including classroom sessions, train-the-trainer, and online courses. Training is available from the following sources: Department of Homeland Security (DHS)/Transportation Security Administration (TSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 National Transit Institute (NTI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Transportation Research Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Center for Transportation Safety, Security and Risk (CTSSR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Federal Transit Administration (FTA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Security Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Other Federal Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA) Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Rural Domestic Preparedness Consortium (RDPC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Other Sector Training Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Other Security Training Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Department of Homeland Security (DHS)/ Transportation Security Administration (TSA) If You See Something, Say Something™ (video—10 minutes) http://www.dhs.gov/if-you-see-something-say-something%E2%84%A2-campaign This video was released as part of the Department of Homeland Security campaign to raise public awareness of the indicators of terrorism and violent crime, and to emphasize the importance of reporting suspicious activity. First Observer™ Training http://www.tsa.gov/first-observer/first-observer-highway-motor-carrier First Observer™ is a voluntary program designed to provide transportation professionals with information that will enable them to effectively observe, assess, and report suspicious individuals, vehicles, packages, and/or objects. The program is intended for transportation operators, dispatch/ control center personnel, and frontline employees. The training teaches how to observe, assess, and report suspicious individuals, vehicles, packages, and objects via mechanisms where and when appropriate. First Observer™ training is designed to be available online with 24/7 access a P P E N D I X a Transportation Security Training Courses

Transportation Security Training Courses 13 for all surface transportation modes, including highway motor carrier, mass transit, freight rail, maritime, and pipeline. TSA Security Training & Security Awareness Brochures The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) provides security training focused on specific transportation modes such as highway, freight rail, and pipeline and has published guides and training materials available from the TSA website. Highway Security Counterterrorism Guides http://www.tsa.gov/stakeholders/documents-and-reports-0 Specific counterterrorism guides for trucking, motorcoach, school bus, and infrastructure are available in a pocket-sized flip chart format covering: Pre-Incident Indicators; Targets and Threats; Tactics; Prevention/Mitigation; Security Exercises; Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear (CBRN); Licensing and Identification; and Points of Contact. Highway Security Awareness Training Materials http://www.tsa.gov/stakeholders/documents-and-reports-0 Security awareness brochures, tip cards, and posters for trucking, motorcoach, and school bus cover: Identifying Threats and Incidents, Recommended Procedures for Employees, Monitoring Suspicious Activities & Items, Surrounding Awareness, Collecting Information, and Responding to an Incident. School Transportation Security Awareness (STSA) http://www.tsa.gov/stakeholders/school-transportation-security-awareness The School Transportation Security Awareness (STSA) program focuses on terrorist and criminal threats to school buses, bus passengers, and destination facilities. It provides school bus drivers, administrators, and staff members with information that will enable them to effectively identify and report perceived security threats, as well as the skills to appropriately react and respond to a security incident should it occur. The STSA program consists of a 24-minute DVD of a simulated school bus hijacking and web-based self-study modules offered in both English and Spanish. The program has been designed so that the information can be obtained in a classroom setting or by individual self-guided study online. IED Recognition and Detection for Railroad Industry Employees Training CD http://www.tsa.gov/stakeholders/resources TSA has produced a CD-ROM-based training program titled, “IED Recognition and Detection for Railroad Industry Employees.” This is a self-paced program that leads users through four separate modules which focus on heightening rail employees’ awareness of suspicious activity. Topics include an overview of the terrorist threat, high-risk targets, improvised explosive device recognition, and inspection and response procedures. Freight Rail Security Awareness Brochure http://www.tsa.gov/stakeholders/resources The brochure, a supplement to the IED Recognition and Detection for Railroad Industry Employees CD training, is available as a PDF file and can be customized by companies to meet their needs. Intermodal Security Training Exercise Program (I-STEP) http://www.tsa.gov/stakeholders/i-step The Intermodal Security Training Exercise Program (I-STEP) is being utilized by the TSA’s Transportation Sector Network Management (TSNM) division for conducting transportation

14 Incorporating Transportation Security awareness into Routine State DOT Operations and Training security exercises. I-STEP is designed to address the unique transportation security issues found in the intermodal environment of the nation’s transportation security network. National Transit Institute (NTI) http://www.ntionline.com/ The National Transit Institute at Rutgers University in New Jersey provides training, education, and clearinghouse services in support of transportation. NTI has developed a course, System Security Awareness for Transportation Employees, directed toward frontline transportation department employees and their immediate supervisors and managers. This training provides the basic skills of where to look, what to look for, and what to report to observe, report, and react effectively to suspicious activities and security incidents. State DOTs can tailor the course to address specific needs of their constituents. The Federal Transit Administration has worked with NTI to develop several training tools for transit employees, such as a course titled “Security Awareness for Transit Employees.” The course “covers skill sets for observing, determining, and reporting activities, packages and sub- stances that are suspicious or out of place. It encourages employees to use common sense when faced with various circumstances so operations can run safely, smoothly, and efficiently. A focus is also placed upon an employee’s initial priorities at the scene of a threat or incident.” Other NTI security training includes: • Employee Guide to System Security, Commuter Rail (Pocket Guide) • Employee Guide to System Security, Bus Operations (Pocket Guide) • Employee Guide to System Security, Light Rail (Pocket Guide) • Employee Guide to System Security, Commuter Bus (Pocket Guide) • Employee Guide to System Security, Bus Maintenance (Pocket Guide) • Employee Guide to System Security, Heavy Rail (Pocket Guide) • Employee Guide to System Security, Workplace Violence Prevention (Pocket Guide) • System Security Awareness for Transit Employees, Student Guide • System Security Awareness for Transit Employees—Warning Signs • Security Incident Management for Transit Supervisors, Student Guide • Terrorist Awareness Recognition and Reaction (TARR) Transportation Research Board http://www.trb.org/ System Security Awareness for Transportation Employees http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/157466.aspx TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 525, Surface Transportation Security, Volume 7: System Security Awareness for Transportation Employees is a CD-based interactive multimedia training course designed to help transportation employees, supervisors, and managers define their roles and responsibilities in transportation system security, recognize suspicious activities and objects, observe and report relevant information, and minimize harm to themselves and others. Course modules focus on system security, reducing vulnerability, suspicious activity, suspicious objects, top priorities, and preparation. Incorporating Security into the Transportation Planning Process http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/155903.aspx TRB’s NCHRP Report 525, Surface Transportation Security, Volume 3: Incorporating Security into the Transportation Planning Process examines the status, constraints, opportunities, and

Transportation Security Training Courses 15 strategies for incorporating security into transportation planning at the state and metropolitan levels. The report also examines security-related projects in state and metropolitan priority programming decisions. Security-Related Customer Communications and Training for Public Transportation Providers http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/154638.aspx TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 86, Public Transportation Security, Volume 5: Security-Related Customer Communications and Training for Public Transportation Providers is designed to provide improved tools for security-related customer communications and training. This report is in electronic format on CRP-CD-43. The CD contains a 15-minute video on the importance of training for transit emergencies, a PowerPoint overview of the report, the final report in portable document format (PDF), and templates of communication devices. TCRP Synthesis 80, Transit Security Update: A Synthesis of Transit Practice http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_syn_80.pdf TCRP Synthesis 80 (2009), an update of the original TCRP Synthesis of Transit Practice 21: Improv- ing Transit Security (1997), addresses terrorism and anticrime security measures and practices. Crime and security incident trends, major issues and obstacles to security and policing manage- ment, and employee security and policing training practices were identified and summarized. Other TRB reports provide relevant security training information: • NCHRP Report 525 – Vol. 1: Responding to Threats: A Field Personnel Manual – Vol. 8: Continuity of Operations (COOP) Planning Guidelines for Transportation Agencies – Vol. 13: A Guide to Traffic Control of Rural Roads in an Agricultural Emergency – Vol. 14: Security 101: A Physical Security Primer for Transportation Agencies – Vol. 16: A Guide to Emergency Response Planning at State Transportation Agencies • NCHRP Report 86, Volume 1: Communication of Threats: A Guide Center for Transportation Safety, Security and Risk (CTSSR) http://policy.rutgers.edu/ctssr/ The Center for Transportation Safety, Security and Risk (CTSSR) at Rutgers University serves as a National Transportation Security Center of Excellence (NTSCOE) for the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. CTSSR creates relevant security training products for the transportation industry. Training offered includes: • All-Hazards Crisis Communication Training for School Bus Drivers • Bus Operator Behavioral Awareness Training • Chemical and Biological Weapons Preparedness and Response for Transit • Crisis Communication Training for Frontline Transit Employees CTSSR Security Training Videos http://policy.rutgers.edu/ctssr/videos/index.php • Rail Sabotage Awareness and Reporting—video aimed at freight rail, passenger rail, and transit workers whose jobs put them in direct daily exposure to railroad track and infrastructure.

16 Incorporating Transportation Security awareness into Routine State DOT Operations and Training The video alerts workers to the threat of sabotage on U.S. rail targets, instructs them about where and how to look for threats, and emphasizes the importance of reporting suspected sabotage activities. An accompanying poster highlights the rail security awareness message for display in employee depots and lunchrooms. • Chemical and Biological Terrorism Preparedness and Response—a 20-minute training video on awareness, preparedness, and response to chemical and biological weapon attacks in a transit environment. There are two versions of the video: one applicable to the transit industry in general and a second version with additional information specific to the Washington Metro- politan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) system. Along with the video, additional training materials include a supporting pamphlet and transit manager’s resource guide available in hard copy or PDF formats. • Addressing Needs of Limited English Proficiency Populations in Transit Emergencies—a 15-minute instructional video focusing on strategies frontline transit employees can use to communi- cate effectively with limited English proficient (LEP) customers during routine operations and crises. Also available are a discussion/resource guide and pocket translation tool. The pocket translator is a quick, customizable reference tool for frontline employees that contains important contact numbers, prompts, pictograms, and common phrases in both Spanish and English. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/security/emergencymgmt/profcapacitybldg/ The FHWA Highway Infrastructure Security and Emergency Management Professional Capacity Building website provides information and tools about infrastructure security and emergency management training, publications, and state contacts. Examples of security training courses listed on the site include: • FHWA Freight Security Awareness Training—computer-based training available at http://ops. fhwa.dot.gov/freight/fpd/fsap/fsap.htm • FHWA Risk Management for Terrorist Threats to Bridges and Tunnels Workshop • FHWA Blast Design & Analysis for Bridge Structures Workshop • FHWA First Responder Awareness to Terrorist Threats for Bridges and Tunnels Workshop Federal Transit Administration (FTA) http://transit-safety.volpe.dot.gov/Training/new/OnlineResources.aspx The Federal Transit Agency has a number of employee training resources available online. Warning Signs: System Security Awareness for Transit Employees A 15-minute video designed to increase transit personnel’s awareness of what to look for and what to do regarding suspicious activity, packages, devices, and substances. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/sites/fmcsa.dot.gov/files/docs/Safe_and_Secure_Transportation_of_ Food_Whats_Your_Role_Brochure.pdf The FMCSA jointly with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has produced training materials on the safe and secure transportation of food products.

Transportation Security Training Courses 17 Safe and Secure Transportation of Food: What’s Your Role? A two-page brochure designed to address the role of motor vehicle and rail safety inspectors in food safety and security of transport that includes what to look for, what information to report, and whom to contact. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/training/publications/modules The Office of Hazardous Materials Safety has prepared training modules that meet the require- ments for General Awareness Training as prescribed in Title 49 CFR, Part 172, Subpart H. The modules can be used to provide general awareness/familiarization training, or may be used along with customized training materials, as a basis for function-specific training. Hazardous Materials Transportation Training Modules This CD-ROM interactive training program for individual instruction contains nine modules, plus one introductory module. Classroom-style training materials are designed to be used with the CD-ROM training tool. These additional materials include an Instructor Guide, a Student Guide, and a PowerPoint presentation for each module. Instructor Guides are provided in PDF format. Each individual module can be used to train larger groups on the materials presented in the CD-ROM training. TSA Pipeline Security Training Materials http://www.tsa.gov/stakeholders/training-and-exercises TSA has developed pipeline security training materials as well as brochures for the pipeline industry and infrastructure security partners. The training materials can be ordered from the TSA website. Pipeline Security Awareness for the Pipeline Industry Employee This training CD, intended for pipeline companies and their employees, provides a basic level of awareness and understanding of pipeline security for heightening pipeline employees’ awareness of suspicious activity, as well as stressing the importance of each employee’s role in keeping pipeline systems secure. Pipelines: Countering IEDs This DVD training program is meant to familiarize pipeline company employees and contractors with the threat posed by improvised explosive devices (IEDs). Four modules familiarize viewers with the threat posed by IEDs, how to spot potential IEDs, how to respond to suspicious objects, and how to work with responding agencies in the event an IED is discovered or detonated on company property. Protecting Pipeline Infrastructure: The Law Enforcement Role The DVD provides a basic understanding of how pipeline systems function and the principal products they transport, including a discussion of the threats and vulnerabilities to pipelines that is intended to enhance the law enforcement community’s understanding of pipeline systems and their security issues. Pipeline Security Awareness for Employees Brochure This brochure supplements the information contained in the Pipeline Security Awareness CD training. It is available as a PDF file that can be customized to meet company needs.

18 Incorporating Transportation Security awareness into Routine State DOT Operations and Training Good Neighbors! A Pipeline Security Neighborhood Watch Brochure This brochure assists with pipeline companies’ neighborhood outreach efforts and promotes the reporting of suspicious activity or incidents. The brochure is sent as a PDF file and can be customized to meet company needs. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Security Training FEMA National Training and Education Division (NTED) https://www.firstrespondertraining.gov/content.do NTED serves the nation’s first responder community, offering more than 150 courses to help build critical skills that responders need to function effectively in mass consequence events. NTED primarily serves state, local, and tribal entities in 10 professional disciplines, but has expanded to serve the private sector and citizens in recognition of their significant role in domestic prepared- ness. Instruction is offered at the awareness, performance, and management and planning levels. FEMA Training Operations Course Catalog https://www.firstrespondertraining.gov/webforms/pdfs/gt_catalog.pdf The FEMA Training Operations Course Catalog provides a broad range of security courses offered through federally sponsored programs and the National Preparedness Consortium. Security-related online independent study courses include: • Workplace Security Awareness (IS-906) http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/courseOverview.aspx?code=is-906 This course provides guidance to individuals and organizations on how to improve security in the workplace. • Surveillance Awareness: What You Can Do (IS-914) http://www.training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/courseOverview.aspx?code=IS-914 The purpose of this course is to make critical infrastructure employees and service pro- viders aware of actions they can take to detect and report suspicious activities associated with adversarial surveillance. • Active Shooter: What You Can Do (IS-907) http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/courseOverview.aspx?code=is-907 All employees can help prevent and prepare for potential active shooter situations. This course provides guidance to individuals, including managers and employees, so that they can prepare to respond to an active shooter situation. • Critical Infrastructure Security: Theft and Diversion—What You Can Do (IS-916) http://www.training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/courseOverview.aspx?code=IS-916 This course introduces critical infrastructure personnel to the information they need and the resources available to them to identify threats and vulnerabilities to critical infrastructure from the theft and diversion of critical resources, raw materials, and products that can be used for criminal or terrorist activities. The course also identifies actions that participants can take to reduce or prevent theft and diversion. • Workplace Violence Awareness Training 2014 (IS-106.14) http://www.training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/courseOverview.aspx?code=IS-106.14 The goal of this course is to give employees awareness of violence in the workplace, how to recognize the warning signs, and what actions to take to prevent or minimize violence. • Protecting Critical Infrastructure Against Insider Threats (IS-915) https://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/courseOverview.aspx?code=IS-915 This course provides guidance to critical infrastructure employees and service providers on how to identify and take action against insider threats to critical infrastructure.

Transportation Security Training Courses 19 Emergency Management Institute (EMI) http://training.fema.gov/is/ EMI offers self-paced courses designed for people who have emergency management respon- sibilities and the general public. Security-related courses include: • Principles of Emergency Management (IS 230) • Emergency Planning (IS 235) • NIMS/ICS Training, such as IS 700 NIMS • Training & Exercises (HSEEP) • National Response Plan (IIS 800) Other Federal Training U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), Transportation Safety Institute (TSI) http://www.tsi.dot.gov/ The Transportation Safety Institute provides training to transportation personnel on traffic safety and transit safety & security. Specific transit-related training courses include: • System Security • Crime Prevention through Environmental Design • Rail Safety and Security Audits • Effectively Managing Transit Emergencies • Transit Response to Bus and Rail Hijacking Seminars • IED Threat Management U.S. Fire Administration The Critical Infrastructure Protection Process Job Aid: Emergency Management and Response- Information Sharing and Analysis Center, August 2007 http://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/fa-313.pdf The Job Aid is a guide to assist leaders of the Emergency Services Sector (ESS) with the process of critical infrastructure protection (CIP). The CIP process described was designed to be easily adapted to assist the infrastructure protection objectives of any community, service, department, agency, or organization. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) Food Safety and Security Guidelines for the Transportation and Distribution of Meat, Poultry, and Egg Products, June 2005 http://www.fsis.usda.gov/shared/PDF/Transportation_Security_Guidelines.pdf The FSIS Security Guidelines are designed to aid those handling food products during transportation and storage. These guidelines provide a list of safety and security measures that can be taken to prevent contamination of meat, poultry, and egg products during loading and unloading, transportation, and in-transit storage. The second section of the Guidelines addresses security measures specifically intended to prevent the same forms of contamination due to criminal or terrorist acts.

20 Incorporating Transportation Security awareness into Routine State DOT Operations and Training Food and Drug Administration (FDA)/Dept. of Health and Human Services (HHS) Food Defense Awareness Initiative ALERT Training http://www.fda.gov/food/fooddefense/toolseducationalmaterials/ucm353774.htm The FDA Food Defense Awareness Initiative ALERT is intended to raise the awareness of state and local government agencies and the food industry regarding food defense issues including the transportation of food. ALERT identifies five key points that industry and businesses can use to decrease the risk of intentional food contamination at their facility. Web-based training includes modules that: • Describe the five parts of the ALERT initiative. • List examples of preventive measures that can be taken to protect business and industry from intentional food contamination. • Identify several elements that can become part of a continuous improvement plan. • Increase awareness among personnel in the food industry and encourage them to adopt practices that help protect the food supply. State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA) Training State emergency management agencies provide training to other state agencies. Some examples include the following: Iowa EMA IEMA is working with ICS 300 and 400 instructors throughout the state in order to provide opportunities for jurisdictions to meet training requirements within the National Incident Management System (NIMS). Pennsylvania SEMA The Training and Exercise Management Division provides training to state and local emergency management personnel, elected and appointed officials, emergency responders, members of volunteer organizations active in disasters, and other professionals who prepare for and respond to emergencies. The division provides public education, professional development training, and technical training to public safety volunteers from state government and local communities across the commonwealth and conducts all-hazards related exercises to test preparedness of state agencies, local governments, community public service organizations, schools, hospitals, and others. They also administer a statewide Emergency Exercise Program and oversee the Pennsylvania Emergency Management Coordinator certification program. Virginia Department of Emergency Management State Employee Terrorism and Security Awareness Orientation Program http://www.vaemergency.gov/em-community/training/state-employee-terrorism-and-security- awareness-orientation-program This basic awareness course is designed to orient state employees on the subject of terrorism, to provide basic prevention and self-protection techniques, and to familiarize employees with their role and their agencies’ role in responding to emergencies. A train-the-trainer course is also available for qualified state employees. Rural Domestic Preparedness Consortium (RDPC) http://www.ruraltraining.org/training/courses/ The Rural Domestic Preparedness Consortium is a DHS-funded program providing train- ing and resources to rural first responders. RDPC courses are offered both in-person and

Transportation Security Training Courses 21 online, and are provided at no cost. Online courses are available at http://www.ruraltraining.org/ training/online/ • AWR 187-W: Terrorism and WMD Awareness in the Workplace This web-based “Terrorism 101” course prepares learners to successfully recognize, report, and react to potential terrorist incidents. • AWR 144: Port and Vessel Security for Public Safety and Maritime Personnel This web-based version of the classroom course offers an introductory view of the marine transportation system and the security requirements of maritime facilities located in rural communities. It details threats to the system, security levels, regulatory requirements, and other information designed to assist public safety responders and planners in their interface with navigable waterways. • MGT 335-W: Event Security Planning for Public Safety Professionals This self-paced, web-based course is designed to provide planning and management-level skills to officers from state and local law enforcement agencies. • PER 281-W: Homeland Security Terrorism Prevention Certificate for Law Enforcement The goal of the course is to build a common, minimum level of preparedness among the nation’s first responders in meeting the goals of the National Homeland Security Strategy. Other Sector Training Resources Chemical Sector Security Awareness Training Web-Based Chemical Security Awareness Training https://chemsec.iac.anl.gov/chemsec/ This web-based interactive tool is available free to chemical facilities nationwide to increase security awareness. The training is designed for all facility employees, not just those traditionally involved in security. Dams Sector Security Awareness Training • Dams Sector: Security Awareness (IS-871.A) https://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/courseOverview.aspx?code=IS-871.a This FEMA course explains how security awareness is an important component of an overall risk management program. In addition, it provides owners and operators with information that assists in identifying security concerns, coordinating proper response, and establishing effective partnerships with local law enforcement and first responders. • Dams Sector Security Awareness Guide: A Guide for Owners and Operators http://www.dhs.gov/publication/dams-sector-security-awareness-guide The Dams Sector Security Education Workgroup developed this guide to increase dam owners’ and operators’ security awareness by providing information on surveillance objectives, surveillance/suspicious activity indicators, and reporting incidents of surveillance/suspicious activity. Other Security Training Resources • Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Guide to Concealable Weapons, FBI, 2003. Available at: http://fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/weapons.pdf • DHS Bomb Threat Checklist. Available at: http://emilms.fema.gov/is906/assets/ocso-bomb_ threat_samepage-brochure.pdf • Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Safe Standoff Distance Cheat Sheet, U.S. Army National Ground Intelligence Center.

22 Incorporating Transportation Security awareness into Routine State DOT Operations and Training • Terrorist Bomb Threat Standoff Card (Pocket Guide), Department of Defense Combating Terrorism Technical Support Office (CTTSO) Technical Working Group. Available at: http:// www.cttso.gov/?q=node/243 • Best Practices for Safe Mail Handling, DHS Interagency Committee, September 2006. Available at: https://www.fbiic.gov/public/2010/nov/safe_Mail_Handling.pdf • Biological Attack Human Pathogens, Biotoxins, and Agricultural Threats, National Academy of Sciences, 2004. Available at: www.nae.edu/nae/pubundcom.nsf/weblinks/CGOZ- 642P3W?OpenDocument • Chemical Attack: Warfare Agents, Industrial Chemicals, and Toxins, National Academy of Sciences, 2004. Available at: http://www.nae.edu/File.aspx?id=11311 • Nuclear Attack, National Academy of Sciences, 2004. Available at: http://www.nae.edu/File. aspx?id=11313 • Radiological Attack: Dirty Bombs and Other Devices, National Academy of Sciences, 2004. Available at: http://www.nae.edu/File.aspx?id=11317 • Worker Training in a New Era: Responding to New Threats, Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), NIOSH, October 2002. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-173/pdfs/2004-173.pdf • Dirty Bombs Fact Sheet, United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, March 2003. Available at: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/fs-dirty-bombs.html • Dirty Bombs—Fact Sheet, Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, July 2003. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov • What You Should Do to Prepare for and Respond to Chemical, Radiological, Nuclear and Biological Terrorist Attacks, RAND Corporation, 2003. Available at: http://www.rand.org/ pubs/monograph_reports/MR1731z2.html • Suicide Bombing Awareness Guide, Department of Homeland Security.